question,options,answer
What is the taxonomy class of O-Phosphoethanolamine?,"{'A': 'Medium-chain fatty acids', 'B': 'Pregnane steroids', 'C': 'Phosphate esters', 'D': 'N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Urea?,"{'A': 'Ureas', 'B': 'Phenylacetic acids', 'C': 'O-glucuronides', 'D': 'Hexoses'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Hydroxyisocaproic acid?,"{'A': 'Estrogens and derivatives', 'B': 'Glycosyl-amino acids', 'C': 'Organic sulfonic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Fatty acids and conjugates'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid?,"{'A': 'Dimethoxybenzenes', 'B': 'Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'C': 'Organosulfonic acids', 'D': 'Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Malic acid?,"{'A': 'Metalloporphyrins', 'B': 'L-cysteine-S-conjugates', 'C': 'Furanones', 'D': 'Hydroxy acids and derivatives'}",D
"What is the taxonomy class of D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate?","{'A': 'Long-chain fatty acids', 'B': 'Lineolic acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives', 'D': 'Alcohols and polyols'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid?,"{'A': 'Phenylpyruvic acid derivatives', 'B': 'Dihydrofurans', 'C': 'Carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Trialkyl amine oxides'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of L-Fucose?,"{'A': '1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides', 'B': 'Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates', 'C': 'Cinnamic acids', 'D': 'Tetrahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid?,"{'A': 'Estrane steroids', 'B': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules', 'C': 'Hypoxanthines', 'D': 'Gamma amino acids and derivatives'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of L-Threoneopterin?,"{'A': 'Branched fatty acids', 'B': 'Purine ribonucleoside monophosphates', 'C': 'M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Organoheterocyclic compounds'}",D
"What is the taxonomy class of 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol?","{'A': '20-oxosteroids', 'B': 'Indoles and derivatives', 'C': 'Benzenediols', 'D': 'Keto acids and derivatives'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Isobutyrylglycine?,"{'A': 'Leucine and derivatives', 'B': 'S-sulfo-L-cysteines', 'C': 'Bilirubins', 'D': 'Organic acids and derivatives'}",D
"What is the taxonomy class of 3,7-Dihydroxy-12-oxocholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Oxosteroids', 'B': 'Vitamin D and derivatives', 'C': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules', 'D': 'Methyl-branched fatty acids'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Vanillic acid?,"{'A': 'Acylaminosugars', 'B': 'Benzoic acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Pyrimidine nucleotides', 'D': 'Hydroxysteroids'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of 3-Furoic acid?,"{'A': 'Organoheterocyclic compounds', 'B': 'Isoleucine and derivatives', 'C': ""3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotides"", 'D': 'Benzoic acids and derivatives'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Tryptamines and derivatives', 'B': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules', 'C': 'Hypoxanthines', 'D': 'Sphingolipids'}",B
"What is the taxonomy class of 2b,3a,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Tetrahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'B': 'Branched fatty acids', 'C': 'Pentoses', 'D': 'C-glycosyl compounds'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Erythronilic acid?,"{'A': 'Tyrosine and derivatives', 'B': 'Hydroxy fatty acids', 'C': 'Ketones', 'D': 'Proline and derivatives'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of D-Glucuronic acid?,"{'A': 'Primary alcohols', 'B': 'Glucuronic acid derivatives', 'C': 'Pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphates', 'D': '6-alkylaminopurines'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Acetylglycine?,"{'A': 'Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Ceramides', 'C': 'Vitamin D and derivatives', 'D': 'Carboxylic acids and derivatives'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of 5-Tetradecenoic acid?,"{'A': 'Fatty acids and conjugates', 'B': 'Alkyl-phenylketones', 'C': 'Corrinoids', 'D': 'Hybrid peptides'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Indoleacrylic acid?,"{'A': 'Sugar acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Gamma amino acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Catechols', 'D': 'Organoheterocyclic compounds'}",D
"What is the taxonomy class of 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Imidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides', 'B': 'Trihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'C': 'Phenethylamines', 'D': 'Catechols'}",B
"What is the taxonomy class of 3a,7b,12a-Trihydroxy-5a-Cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Very long-chain fatty acids', 'B': ""Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates"", 'C': 'Organic oxygen compounds', 'D': 'N-acyl-alpha amino acids'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine?,"{'A': 'Valine and derivatives', 'B': 'Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Xanthines', 'D': 'Carboxylic acids and derivatives'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of cis-Aconitic acid?,"{'A': 'Organic acids and derivatives', 'B': ""(5'->5')-dinucleotides"", 'C': 'Hybrid peptides', 'D': 'Alanine and derivatives'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of 3-Methylindole?,"{'A': 'Ergosterols and derivatives', 'B': 'Lactones', 'C': 'Alloxazines and isoalloxazines', 'D': '3-methylindoles'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Tetrahydrocorticosterone?,"{'A': 'Phenylsulfates', 'B': 'Aminoxides', 'C': 'Acylaminosugars', 'D': '21-hydroxysteroids'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose?,"{'A': 'Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Homogeneous non-metal compounds', 'C': 'Organooxygen compounds', 'D': 'Carnitines'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of L-Asparagine?,"{'A': 'Organic nitrogen compounds', 'B': 'Amino acids, peptides, and analogues', 'C': 'Monoalkyl phosphates', 'D': '2-arylethylamines'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Valproic acid glucuronide?,"{'A': 'Organooxygen compounds', 'B': 'Cyclic purine nucleotides', 'C': 'Gamma-keto acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Primary alcohols'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of N-Acetylgalactosamine 4-sulphate?,"{'A': 'Amino acids, peptides, and analogues', 'B': 'Monosaccharide sulfates', 'C': 'Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates', 'D': 'Dipeptides'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of L-Glutamic acid?,"{'A': 'Diradylglycerols', 'B': 'Amino acids, peptides, and analogues', 'C': 'Alpha amino acid amides', 'D': 'Cholestane steroids'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of TG(10:0/10:0/10:0)?,"{'A': 'Glycerolipids', 'B': 'Lineolic acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Alpha amino acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Aminoxides'}",A
"What is the taxonomy class of 5b-Cholestane-3a,7a,12a,23S,25-pentol?","{'A': '1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides', 'B': 'Diradylglycerols', 'C': 'Aspartic acid and derivatives', 'D': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'D-alpha-amino acids', 'B': 'M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Organic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Organic phosphoric acids and derivatives'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Glycoursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Glucuronic acid derivatives', 'B': 'Glycinated bile acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Yohimbine alkaloids', 'D': 'Purine ribonucleoside triphosphates'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Thiosulfate?,"{'A': 'Non-metal oxoanionic compounds', 'B': 'Organic oxygen compounds', 'C': 'Pyridines and derivatives', 'D': 'Primary alcohols'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Ureidopropionic acid?,"{'A': 'Monoalkylamines', 'B': 'Sesquiterpenoids', 'C': 'Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Ureas'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Folic acid?,"{'A': 'Non-metal thiosulfates', 'B': 'Methoxyphenols', 'C': 'Hypoxanthines', 'D': 'Alpha amino acids'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Lactulose?,"{'A': 'O-glycosyl compounds', 'B': 'Biotin and derivatives', 'C': 'Cysteine and derivatives', 'D': 'Leucine and derivatives'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives', 'B': 'Glutamic acid and derivatives', 'C': 'Organic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Hydroxypyrimidines'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of 5beta-Coprostanol?,"{'A': 'Cholesterols and derivatives', 'B': 'Pyrimidine ribonucleotides', 'C': 'Homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds', 'D': 'Triacylglycerols'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Palmitoylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'Organic sulfuric acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Fatty acid esters', 'C': 'Tyrosine and derivatives', 'D': 'Pregnane steroids'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Pantothenic acid?,"{'A': 'Alcohols and polyols', 'B': 'Cyclic purine nucleotides', 'C': 'Cholestane steroids', 'D': '20-oxosteroids'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Heptacarboxylporphyrin I?,"{'A': 'Aminoxides', 'B': 'Triacylglycerols', 'C': 'Asparagine and derivatives', 'D': 'Porphyrins'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of 1-Methylhistidine?,"{'A': 'Organic acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Homogeneous other non-metal compounds', 'C': 'Triterpenoids', 'D': ""5'-deoxy-5'-thionucleosides""}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Ethanolamine?,"{'A': 'Oligosaccharides', 'B': '1,2-diacylglycerols', 'C': 'Carnitines', 'D': '1,2-aminoalcohols'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Androsterone?,"{'A': 'Purine nucleotides', 'B': 'Leucine and derivatives', 'C': 'Pyrimidinecarboxylic acids', 'D': 'Androstane steroids'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Tyramine?,"{'A': 'Other non-metal sulfides', 'B': 'Benzenoids', 'C': 'Steroids and steroid derivatives', 'D': 'Phenylpropanoids and polyketides'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Folic acid?,"{'A': 'Dialkylamines', 'B': 'Pyrimidine nucleosides', 'C': 'Phenols', 'D': 'Ergosterols and derivatives'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Cholesterol?,"{'A': 'Acyl cholines', 'B': 'Alpha-hydrogen aldehydes', 'C': 'Acylaminosugars', 'D': 'Cholesterols and derivatives'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Palmitoylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'Phenylsulfates', 'B': 'Androgens and derivatives', 'C': 'Tetrahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'D': 'Acyl carnitines'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of 2'-Deoxysepiapterin?,"{'A': '1,2-aminoalcohols', 'B': 'Organoheterocyclic compounds', 'C': 'Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives', 'D': 'Glycosphingolipids'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Uridine diphosphate acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate?,"{'A': 'Aspartic acid and derivatives', 'B': 'L-cysteine-S-conjugates', 'C': 'Secondary alcohols', 'D': 'Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of beta-N-Acetylglucosamine?,"{'A': 'Dipeptides', 'B': 'Alcohols and polyols', 'C': 'Inositol phosphates', 'D': 'Acylaminosugars'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of 2-Hydroxyestrone?,"{'A': 'Aralkylamines', 'B': 'Estrane steroids', 'C': 'Catechols', 'D': 'Very long-chain fatty acids'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of 16-Oxoandrostenediol?,"{'A': '6-alkylaminopurines', 'B': 'Androgens and derivatives', 'C': 'Imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine glycosides'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Hyocholic acid?,"{'A': 'Monoalkylamines', 'B': 'Dihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'C': 'Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'D': 'Branched fatty acids'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Betaine?,"{'A': 'Vitamin D and derivatives', 'B': 'O-glucuronides', 'C': 'Carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Aspartic acid and derivatives'}",C
"What is the taxonomy class of 3b,7a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Indoles', 'B': 'Steroids and steroid derivatives', 'C': 'N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids', 'D': 'Hydroxy acids and derivatives'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of 16b-Hydroxyestrone?,"{'A': 'Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine glycosides', 'B': 'Prenol lipids', 'C': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules', 'D': 'Hydroxysteroids'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Cyclic AMP?,"{'A': 'Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Purine nucleotides', 'C': 'Hydroxy fatty acids', 'D': 'Indoles and derivatives'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Dihydrolipoamide?,"{'A': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules', 'B': 'Diazines', 'C': 'Cobalamin derivatives', 'D': 'Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of 18-Hydroxycortisol?,"{'A': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules', 'B': 'Homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds', 'C': 'Acyclic diterpenoids', 'D': 'Purinones'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose?,"{'A': 'Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Benzene and substituted derivatives', 'C': 'Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates', 'D': 'Corrinoids'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Creatine?,"{'A': 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'B': 'Amino acids, peptides, and analogues', 'C': 'Monohydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'D': 'Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Tetrahydrobiopterin?,"{'A': 'Triacylglycerols', 'B': 'Phenethylamines', 'C': 'Phosphate esters', 'D': 'Pteridines and derivatives'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol glucuronide?,"{'A': 'Medium-chain fatty acids', 'B': 'Pterins and derivatives', 'C': 'Organic oxygen compounds', 'D': 'Furoic acids'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Alpha-Lactose?,"{'A': 'Diazines', 'B': 'N-acylneuraminic acids', 'C': 'Glucuronic acid derivatives', 'D': 'Organic oxygen compounds'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Taurodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Phosphosphingolipids', 'B': 'Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Imidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides', 'D': 'Taurinated bile acids and derivatives'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Adenine?,"{'A': 'Imidazopyrimidines', 'B': 'Benzene and substituted derivatives', 'C': 'Monosaccharide phosphates', 'D': 'Acylaminosugars'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Pyrocatechol?,"{'A': 'Arylsulfates', 'B': 'Alpha-hydrogen aldehydes', 'C': 'Catechols', 'D': 'Monohydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of L-Methionine?,"{'A': ""Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides"", 'B': 'Tetraterpenoids', 'C': 'Methionine and derivatives', 'D': 'Organic carbonic acids'}",C
"What is the taxonomy class of 3a,4b,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Oligopeptides', 'B': 'Pyrimidine nucleosides', 'C': 'Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'D': 'Neuraminic acids'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Epietiocholanolone?,"{'A': 'Cysteine and derivatives', 'B': 'Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates', 'C': 'Androgens and derivatives', 'D': 'Gamma butyrolactones'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of L-Cystine?,"{'A': 'Purinones', 'B': 'C-glycosyl compounds', 'C': 'Carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Hydroxy fatty acids'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of Tridecanoic acid?,"{'A': 'Pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphates', 'B': 'Glucuronic acid derivatives', 'C': 'Glycerophospholipids', 'D': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Creatinine?,"{'A': 'Amino acids, peptides, and analogues', 'B': 'Cobalamin derivatives', 'C': 'Taurinated bile acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Non-metal thiosulfates'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Androstenedione?,"{'A': 'Diazines', 'B': 'Steroids and steroid derivatives', 'C': 'Glycerophosphocholines', 'D': 'Gamma amino acids and derivatives'}",B
"What is the taxonomy class of 3a,4b,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Fatty amides', 'B': 'Monohydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'C': 'Hybrid peptides', 'D': 'Metallotetrapyrroles'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of N-Acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate?,"{'A': 'Organic oxygen compounds', 'B': 'Quaternary ammonium salts', 'C': 'Cyclohexanols', 'D': 'Phosphatidylglycerols'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Stearic acid?,"{'A': ""Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphates"", 'B': 'N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids', 'C': 'Hippuric acids', 'D': 'Long-chain fatty acids'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of gamma-Glutamylphenylalanine?,"{'A': 'Organic acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Polyprenylphenols', 'C': 'Butenolides', 'D': 'Glutamic acid and derivatives'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of 1beta-Hydroxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Steroids and steroid derivatives', 'B': 'Alpha amino acid amides', 'C': 'Alpha-keto acids and derivatives', 'D': ""5'-deoxy-5'-thionucleosides""}",A
What is the taxonomy class of 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Benzenediols', 'C': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules', 'D': 'Lipoamides'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Etiocholanediol?,"{'A': 'Butenolides', 'B': 'Hydroxycinnamic acids', 'C': ""5'-deoxyribonucleosides"", 'D': 'Androgens and derivatives'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Glycerol 3-phosphate?,"{'A': 'Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives', 'B': 'Glycerophosphates', 'C': 'Glycinated bile acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Short-chain keto acids and derivatives'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of 5alpha-Tetrahydrocortisol?,"{'A': 'Estrogens and derivatives', 'B': 'Hypoxanthines', 'C': 'Isoleucine and derivatives', 'D': '21-hydroxysteroids'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Orotic acid?,"{'A': 'Quaternary ammonium salts', 'B': 'Organic carbonic acids', 'C': 'Medium-chain fatty acids', 'D': 'Organoheterocyclic compounds'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of N-Acetyl-a-neuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates', 'B': 'C-glycosyl compounds', 'C': 'Ceramides', 'D': 'Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives'}",A
What is the taxonomy class of Uroporphyrin II?,"{'A': 'Short-chain keto acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Trialkyl amine oxides', 'C': 'Pregnane steroids', 'D': 'Tetrapyrroles and derivatives'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of N-Acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate?,"{'A': 'Fatty acid methyl esters', 'B': 'Monosaccharide sulfates', 'C': 'Organic sulfonic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Gamma-keto acids and derivatives'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine?,"{'A': 'Tetrahydrofolic acids', 'B': 'Triterpenoids', 'C': 'Organic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives'}",C
What is the taxonomy class of (R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid?,"{'A': 'Phenolic glycosides', 'B': 'Inositol phosphates', 'C': 'Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine glycosides', 'D': 'Organic acids and derivatives'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Uric acid?,"{'A': 'Imidazopyrimidines', 'B': 'Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives', 'C': 'Estrane steroids', 'D': 'Phosphate esters'}",A
"What is the taxonomy class of 3a,6b,7b,12b-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Tetrahydrofurans', 'B': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules', 'C': 'Homogeneous metal compounds', 'D': 'Carnitines'}",B
What is the taxonomy class of Ergocalciferol?,"{'A': 'Pyrimidine nucleosides', 'B': 'Carotenes', 'C': 'Imidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides', 'D': 'Vitamin D and derivatives'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of Gluconolactone?,"{'A': 'Cholesterols and derivatives', 'B': 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'C': 'Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Organooxygen compounds'}",D
What is the taxonomy class of 4-Pyridoxic acid?,"{'A': 'Cobalamin derivatives', 'B': 'Organic carbonic acids', 'C': '6-alkylaminopurines', 'D': 'Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives'}",D
Which disease is associated with L-Methionine?,"{'A': 'Malaria', 'B': 'Epilepsy', 'C': 'Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12', 'D': '3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria type V'}",B
Which disease is associated with Capric acid?,"{'A': '3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria (TYPE I)', 'B': 'Lesch-Nyhan syndrome', 'C': 'Progressive dementia', 'D': 'Metabolism and nutrition disorders'}",D
Which disease is associated with Citrulline?,"{'A': 'Intestinal failure', 'B': 'Kynureninase deficiency', 'C': 'SIALIDOSIS, normosomatic type', 'D': 'Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome'}",A
Which disease is associated with Vitamin A?,"{'A': 'Odontohypophosphatasia', 'B': 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'C': 'Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (follicular stage of menstrual cycle)', 'D': 'Nervous system disorders'}",D
Which disease is associated with Propionylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and kearns-sayre syndrome', 'B': 'Missing teeth', 'C': 'Hexachlorobenzene exposure', 'D': 'Photophobia'}",B
Which disease is associated with Calcium?,"{'A': 'Hypocholesterolemia', 'B': 'Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness', 'C': 'Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM)', 'D': 'Degenerative disc disease'}",B
Which disease is associated with Suberylglycine?,"{'A': 'Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency', 'B': 'Schizophrenia', 'C': 'propionic acidemia', 'D': 'Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, due to 21-Hydroxylase-Deficiency (CAH)'}",A
Which disease is associated with Porphobilinogen?,"{'A': 'propionic acidemia', 'B': 'Fumarase deficiency', 'C': 'Hepatorenal tyrosinemia type I', 'D': 'Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic'}",D
Which disease is associated with Deoxyguanosine?,"{'A': 'Thalassemia intermedia', 'B': 'Health effect', 'C': 'Metabolic acidosis', 'D': 'Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency'}",D
Which disease is associated with Propionic acid?,"{'A': 'Gastrointestinal disorders', 'B': 'Leptin Deficiency or Dysfunction', 'C': 'Dementia', 'D': 'Peritoneal dialysis'}",A
Which disease is associated with Phytanic acid?,"{'A': '3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-coa hydrolase deficiency', 'B': 'Refsum disease, infantile', 'C': '2-Ketoadipic Acidemia', 'D': 'Histidinemia'}",B
Which disease is associated with L-Acetylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'Observation', 'B': 'N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency', 'C': 'Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined, 1', 'D': 'Methylmalonic aciduria, cblA type'}",A
Which disease is associated with Ammonia?,"{'A': 'Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency', 'B': 'Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency I', 'C': 'Gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'D': 'Athyreosis'}",B
Which disease is associated with Isovalerylglycine?,"{'A': 'Metabolism and nutrition disorders', 'B': 'Congenital chloride diarrhea', 'C': 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'D': 'Hypoadrenocorticism'}",A
Which disease is associated with Isobutyrylglycine?,"{'A': 'Ethylmalonic encephalopathy', 'B': 'Menkes disease', 'C': 'Aids', 'D': 'Glutaryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency (gdhd)'}",A
Which disease is associated with D-Maltose?,"{'A': 'Adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked', 'B': 'Chronic pancreatitis', 'C': 'Health condition', 'D': 'Isovaleric acidemia'}",C
Which disease is associated with Uric acid?,"{'A': 'Confusion', 'B': 'Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency', 'C': 'PNPO deficiency', 'D': 'Adenylosuccinase deficiency'}",A
Which disease is associated with D-Glucose?,"{'A': 'Colorectal cancer', 'B': 'Exercise', 'C': 'Chronic progressive external opthalmoplegia', 'D': 'Vascular dementia'}",A
Which disease is associated with Capric acid?,"{'A': 'Thalassemia Major', 'B': 'Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria', 'C': 'Health condition', 'D': 'adult-type citrullinemia'}",C
Which disease is associated with Homovanillic acid?,"{'A': 'Muscle cramp', 'B': 'Transcobalamin ii deficiency', 'C': 'Epilepsy', 'D': 'Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria'}",C
Which disease is associated with Formic acid?,"{'A': 'Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency (galactosemia)', 'B': 'Bile Acid Synthesis Defect, Congenital, 1', 'C': 'Major trauma', 'D': 'Methanol poisoning'}",D
Which disease is associated with Indole?,"{'A': 'Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency', 'B': 'Pyridoxine dependency with seizures (PDE)', 'C': 'Control (women)', 'D': 'Irritable bowel syndrome'}",D
Which disease is associated with Indoleacetic acid?,"{'A': 'Variegate porphyria', 'B': 'Apnea', 'C': 'Psychiatric disorders', 'D': 'Leucemic meningiosa'}",C
Which disease is associated with L-Valine?,"{'A': 'Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency', 'B': 'Appendicitis', 'C': 'Lewy body disease', 'D': 'Cobalamin Deficiency'}",C
Which disease is associated with Aldosterone?,"{'A': 'Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness', 'B': '3-Hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria', 'C': 'Encephalitis', 'D': 'Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect'}",A
Which disease is associated with Quinolinic acid?,"{'A': 'D,L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria', 'B': 'Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and kearns-sayre syndrome', 'C': 'Narp Syndrome', 'D': 'Traumatic brain injury'}",D
Which disease is associated with 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid?,"{'A': 'Succinyl CoA: 3-ketoacid CoA transferase deficiency', 'B': '3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency', 'C': '3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria', 'D': 'Drunk driver'}",B
Which disease is associated with Isocitric acid?,"{'A': 'Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1', 'B': 'Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'C': 'Mental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, peripheral neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma', 'D': 'Autosomal  dominant polycystic kidney disease'}",D
Which disease is associated with L-Glutamine?,"{'A': '3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency', 'B': 'Cancer', 'C': 'Adenylosuccinate lyase (ASDL) deficiency', 'D': 'Dementia'}",B
Which disease is associated with Ornithine?,"{'A': ""Alzheimer's Disease"", 'B': 'Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect', 'C': 'Tryptophanuria with dwarfism', 'D': 'fibromyalgia'}",B
Which disease is associated with L-Phenylalanine?,"{'A': 'Cystinuria', 'B': 'Pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy', 'C': 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'D': 'Heart Transplant'}",D
Which disease is associated with 5-Tetradecenoic acid?,"{'A': 'Irritability', 'B': 'Health effect', 'C': 'Hyperekplexia', 'D': 'Histidinemia'}",B
Which disease is associated with Phenylpyruvic acid?,"{'A': 'Hypermethioninemia', 'B': 'Primary biliary cirrhosis', 'C': 'Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency', 'D': 'Cholesterol stones'}",B
Which disease is associated with Hypoxanthine?,"{'A': 'Primary Familial Xanthomatosis With Involvement and Calcification of the Adrenals', 'B': 'Cystinosis', 'C': 'Pyroglutamic aciduria', 'D': 'Canavan disease'}",D
Which disease is associated with Taurochenodesoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Hepatobiliary disorders', 'B': 'Chronic pancreatitis', 'C': 'Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy', 'D': ""Crohn's disease, short bowel""}",A
Which disease is associated with beta-Carotene?,"{'A': 'Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency', 'B': 'Colorectal, breast, or neuroendocrine cancer', 'C': 'Ketoacidosis', 'D': 'Iron deficiency'}",B
Which disease is associated with Hydrogen carbonate?,"{'A': 'Hyperammonemia', 'B': 'Anoxia', 'C': 'Pancreatic cancer', 'D': 'Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency'}",D
Which disease is associated with Cer(d18:1/23:0)?,"{'A': 'Apparent mineralocorticoid excess', 'B': 'Traumatic brain injury', 'C': 'Portal vein obstruction', 'D': 'Health effect'}",D
Which disease is associated with Acetic acid?,"{'A': 'Smooth', 'B': ""Crohn's disease"", 'C': 'Lipodystrophy', 'D': 'Premenstrual dysphoric disorder'}",B
Which disease is associated with Dehydroepiandrosterone?,"{'A': 'Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1', 'B': 'Health condition', 'C': 'ATIC deficiency', 'D': 'Cystinosis'}",B
Which disease is associated with Citric acid?,"{'A': 'Periodontal disease', 'B': 'Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)', 'C': 'Rachialgia', 'D': 'Eosinophilic esophagitis'}",D
Which disease is associated with Estrone?,"{'A': 'Benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'B': 'adult-type citrullinemia', 'C': 'Wolfram syndrome 1', 'D': 'Observation'}",D
Which disease is associated with L-Threonine?,"{'A': '3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria type IX', 'B': 'Observation', 'C': 'Albuminuria', 'D': 'ACTH deficiency, isolated'}",B
Which disease is associated with Androstenedione?,"{'A': 'D, l-2-hydroxygluraric aciduria', 'B': 'Touch', 'C': 'Ovarian cancer', 'D': 'Control (men)'}",C
Which disease is associated with Biopterin?,"{'A': '3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-coa hydrolase deficiency', 'B': 'GABA transaminase deficiency', 'C': '6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency', 'D': 'Glutaric acid excretion above 100 mmol/mol creatinine'}",C
Which disease is associated with Ornithine?,"{'A': 'Rhabdomyolysis', 'B': 'Gamma-Cystathionase deficiency', 'C': '6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency', 'D': 'Myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 1'}",D
Which disease is associated with L-Threonine?,"{'A': 'Citrullinemia type II, adult-onset', 'B': 'Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia', 'C': 'Cancer', 'D': 'Coma'}",C
Which disease is associated with Sorbitol?,"{'A': ""Crohn's disease"", 'B': 'Methanol poisoning', 'C': 'Small intestinal malabsorption', 'D': 'Glutathionuria'}",A
Which disease is associated with Quinolinic acid?,"{'A': 'Diabetes', 'B': 'Adenylosuccinase deficiency', 'C': 'Malaria', 'D': 'Acute liver failure'}",C
Which disease is associated with Ammonia?,"{'A': 'Adenylosuccinase deficiency', 'B': 'Convulsion', 'C': '3-Methyl-Crotonyl-Glycinuria', 'D': 'Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency'}",C
Which disease is associated with Decanoylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'Oral cavity disorders', 'B': 'Hyperornithinemia with Gyrate Atrophy', 'C': 'Glutaric aciduria II', 'D': '2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria'}",C
Which disease is associated with Creatine?,"{'A': 'Hyperzincaemia and hypercalprotectinaemia', 'B': 'Ulcerative colitis', 'C': ""Wilson's disease"", 'D': 'Skin irritation'}",B
Which disease is associated with Homocitrulline?,"{'A': 'Hartnup Disease', 'B': 'Colorectal cancer', 'C': 'Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (follicular stage of menstrual cycle)', 'D': 'Methamphetamine (MAP) psychosis'}",B
Which disease is associated with Ursocholic acid?,"{'A': 'Health effect', 'B': 'Head injury', 'C': 'Epilepsy, early-onset, vitamin B6-dependent', 'D': '3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria type V'}",A
Which disease is associated with Choline?,"{'A': 'Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency', 'B': 'Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (vLCAD)', 'C': 'Temporomandibular joint disorder', 'D': 'Lung cancer'}",D
Which disease is associated with (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid?,"{'A': '3-Hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria', 'B': 'Diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome', 'C': 'Diabetes', 'D': 'D-Glyceric acidemia'}",C
Which disease is associated with Choline?,"{'A': 'Glutaric acidemia type 2', 'B': 'Type I diabetes', 'C': 'Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness', 'D': 'Pregnancy'}",D
Which disease is associated with Dimethylamine?,"{'A': 'Cardiac disorders', 'B': 'Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency', 'C': 'Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis', 'D': 'Methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency'}",A
Which disease is associated with Malic acid?,"{'A': 'Schizophrenia', 'B': 'Aplastic anemia', 'C': 'Familial Mediterranean Fever', 'D': 'Thymidine phosphorylase deficiency'}",A
Which disease is associated with Homocysteine?,"{'A': 'Apparent mineralocorticoid excess', 'B': '3-methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria', 'C': 'Acute Infantile Liver Failure', 'D': ""Parkinson's disease""}",D
Which disease is associated with Hexanoylglycine?,"{'A': 'Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency', 'B': 'D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria I', 'C': 'Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I', 'D': 'Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (E1)'}",A
Which disease is associated with Phytanic acid?,"{'A': 'Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy', 'B': 'Glutaric Aciduria II', 'C': 'Menstrual cycle', 'D': 'Dicarboxylic Aminoaciduria'}",A
Which disease is associated with Taurine?,"{'A': 'Lewy body disease', 'B': '2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency', 'C': 'Irritable bowel syndrome', 'D': 'Menkes syndrome'}",C
Which disease is associated with Uric acid?,"{'A': 'Primary hypertension', 'B': 'Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency', 'C': 'Combined D,L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria', 'D': 'GOUT'}",D
"Which disease is associated with 5alpha-Androstane-3beta,17beta-diol?","{'A': 'Citrullinemia type II, neonatal-onset', 'B': 'Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)', 'C': 'Bile Acid Synthesis Defect, Congenital, 1', 'D': 'Health condition'}",D
Which disease is associated with L-Tyrosine?,"{'A': 'ATIC deficiency', 'B': 'Down syndrome pregnancy', 'C': 'Gestational diabetes', 'D': 'Cardiac arrest'}",B
Which disease is associated with L-Threonine?,"{'A': 'Weight loss', 'B': 'Psychiatric disorders', 'C': ""Alzheimer's disease"", 'D': ""Refsum's Disease""}",C
Which disease is associated with L-Valine?,"{'A': 'Organoleptic effect', 'B': 'Urocanase deficiency', 'C': 'Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'D': 'Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency'}",C
Which disease is associated with 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid?,"{'A': 'Glutaric Aciduria II', 'B': 'control', 'C': 'Supradiaphragmatic malignancy', 'D': 'Coenzyme Q10 deficiency'}",C
Which disease is associated with Dehydroepiandrosterone?,"{'A': 'Antley-Bixler syndrome with genital anomalies and disordered steroidogenesis', 'B': 'Mitochondrial complex I deficiency due to ACAD9 deficiency', 'C': 'Bipolar with childhood ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder)', 'D': 'Hyperactivity'}",A
Which disease is associated with Hydrocinnamic acid?,"{'A': 'N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency', 'B': 'Periodontal Probing Depth', 'C': 'Segawa Syndrome', 'D': '3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria type VI'}",B
Which disease is associated with Orotic acid?,"{'A': 'Cytochrome C oxidase deficiency', 'B': 'Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction', 'C': 'Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency', 'D': 'Hyperornithinemia–Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria syndrome'}",D
Which disease is associated with Indoleacetic acid?,"{'A': 'Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria', 'B': 'Supradiaphragmatic malignancy', 'C': 'Irritable bowel syndrome', 'D': 'Hepatobiliary diseases'}",C
Which disease is associated with Nicotinamide ribotide?,"{'A': 'Type I diabetes', 'B': 'Health condition', 'C': 'Oral cavity disorders', 'D': '3-Methyl-Crotonyl-Glycinuria'}",B
Which disease is associated with L-Glutamine?,"{'A': '2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency', 'B': 'Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency', 'C': ""Crohn's disease"", 'D': 'Desmosterolosis'}",C
Which disease is associated with L-Cystathionine?,"{'A': 'Gamma-Cystathionase deficiency', 'B': 'Small intestinal malabsorption, HIV, & diarrhea', 'C': 'Overweight', 'D': '6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency'}",A
Which disease is associated with Ergocalciferol?,"{'A': 'Chronic renal failure', 'B': 'Intraventricular hemorrhage', 'C': 'Pancreatic cancer', 'D': 'Heart Transplant'}",A
Which disease is associated with Decanoylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'Folate Deficiency', 'B': 'Hyperlipidemia', 'C': 'Dibasic Amino Aciduria I', 'D': 'Health effect'}",D
Which disease is associated with Histamine?,"{'A': 'Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'B': 'Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency', 'C': 'Trimethylaminuria', 'D': 'congenital disorder of glycosylation CDG-Ia'}",A
Which disease is associated with Hippuric acid?,"{'A': 'Seizure', 'B': 'Seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance (SESAMES)', 'C': 'Digeorge Syndrome', 'D': 'Hypervalinemia'}",A
Which disease is associated with Succinyladenosine?,"{'A': 'Colorectal cancer', 'B': 'Propionic acidemia', 'C': 'Hyperphosphatasia', 'D': 'Fumarase deficiency'}",D
Which disease is associated with Phenol?,"{'A': 'Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (vLCAD)', 'B': 'Tryptophanuria with dwarfism', 'C': 'Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency', 'D': ""Crohn's disease""}",D
Which disease is associated with 3-Hydroxydodecanedioic acid?,"{'A': 'Pyridoxine dependency with seizures (PDE)', 'B': 'Viral Infection', 'C': 'Ovarian cancer', 'D': 'D, L-2-hydroxygluraric aciduria'}",C
Which disease is associated with Acetic acid?,"{'A': 'Frontotemporal lobe dementia', 'B': 'Hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal', 'C': 'Colorectal cancer', 'D': 'Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome'}",C
Which disease is associated with Acetylcholine?,"{'A': ""Leigh's syndrome"", 'B': 'Menstrual cycle (midcycle)', 'C': 'Health effect', 'D': 'Leucemic meningiosa'}",C
Which disease is associated with 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan?,"{'A': 'Ulcerative colitis', 'B': ""Leigh's syndrome, subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, SNE"", 'C': 'Cholelithiasis', 'D': 'Beta-ketothiolase deficiency'}",A
Which disease is associated with beta-Sitosterol?,"{'A': 'Canavan disease', 'B': 'Short bowel syndrome', 'C': 'D, l-2-hydroxygluraric aciduria', 'D': 'D-Glyceric acidura'}",B
Which disease is associated with Dehydroepiandrosterone?,"{'A': 'Psychiatric disorders', 'B': 'Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency', 'C': 'Breast cancer', 'D': 'Solid tumors'}",A
Which disease is associated with DL-Dopa?,"{'A': 'Investigations', 'B': 'Severe psychomotor delay and autism', 'C': 'Lung cancer', 'D': 'sporadic narcolepsy-cataplexy'}",A
Which disease is associated with Etiocholanolone?,"{'A': 'Familial mediterranean fever', 'B': 'Adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked', 'C': 'Citrullinemia type II, adult-onset', 'D': 'Adenosine deaminase deficiency'}",A
Which disease is associated with Fumaric acid?,"{'A': 'Colorectal, breast, or neuroendocrine cancer', 'B': 'Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency', 'C': 'Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency', 'D': 'Maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 2'}",B
Which disease is associated with L-Alanine?,"{'A': 'Sodium nitrate consumption', 'B': 'Ulcerative colitis', 'C': 'Methamphetamine (MAP) psychosis', 'D': 'Lathosterolosis'}",B
Which disease is associated with PC(16:0/16:0)?,"{'A': 'Wolcott-Rallison syndrome', 'B': 'Leukoencephalopathy', 'C': 'Smooth', 'D': 'Hypothyroidism'}",C
Which disease is associated with D-Arabitol?,"{'A': 'Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)', 'B': 'Health condition', 'C': 'Aging', 'D': '3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency'}",B
Which disease is associated with Tyramine?,"{'A': 'Infections and infestations', 'B': '11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency', 'C': 'Hypotension', 'D': 'GI disorder'}",C
Which disease is associated with L-Alanine?,"{'A': 'Environmental enteric dysfunction', 'B': 'Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD)', 'C': 'Ethylene glycol poisoning', 'D': 'Lesch-nyhan syndrome'}",A
Which disease is associated with Galactosylhydroxylysine?,"{'A': 'Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency', 'B': ""Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)"", 'C': 'Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency', 'D': 'Diabetes mellitus'}",B
Which disease is associated with Cortisol?,"{'A': 'Cobalamin deficiency', 'B': 'Cerebral vasospasm', 'C': 'Mitochondrial complex I deficiency due to ACAD9 deficiency', 'D': 'Apparent mineralocorticoid excess'}",D
Which disease is associated with L-Glutamic acid?,"{'A': 'Pearson Syndrome', 'B': '3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency', 'C': 'Prepartum depression', 'D': ""Crohn's disease""}",D
Which disease is associated with Phenol?,"{'A': 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'B': 'Idiopathic polyneuritis', 'C': 'Acute intermittent porphyria', 'D': 'Galactosemia type 1'}",A
What is a substituent of L-Fucose?,"{'A': 'Amphetamine or derivatives', 'B': 'Pyrazolopyrimidine', 'C': 'Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound', 'D': 'Oxane'}",D
What is a substituent of Ribonic acid?,"{'A': 'Delta valerolactone', 'B': 'Ajmalicine-skeleton', 'C': '16-hydroxysteroid', 'D': 'Beta-hydroxy acid'}",D
What is a substituent of Desmosine?,"{'A': 'Pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid or derivatives', 'B': 'Aryl iodide', 'C': 'Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound', 'D': 'Serotonin'}",C
What is a substituent of Isovalerylalanine?,"{'A': 'Acetal', 'B': 'Alpha-hydroxyaldehyde', 'C': 'Organonitrogen compound', 'D': 'Progestogin-skeleton'}",C
What is a substituent of 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid?,"{'A': 'Inorganic sulfide', 'B': 'Phenylpropane', 'C': 'Carboxylic acid', 'D': 'Beta amino acid or derivatives'}",C
What is a substituent of D-Ribulose 5-phosphate?,"{'A': 'Urea', 'B': 'Secondary carboxylic acid amide', 'C': 'N-methylpyridinium', 'D': 'Alpha-hydroxy ketone'}",D
What is a substituent of L-Lactic acid?,"{'A': 'Fatty acyl glycoside of mono- or disaccharide', 'B': 'Aliphatic acyclic compound', 'C': 'Cholesteryl ester', 'D': 'Carboximidic acid'}",B
What is a substituent of DL-2-Aminooctanoic acid?,"{'A': 'Organonitrogen compound', 'B': 'Acylaminobenzoic acid or derivatives', 'C': 'D-alpha-amino acid', 'D': 'Arylsulfate'}",A
What is a substituent of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid?,"{'A': 'Beta-hydroxy acid', 'B': 'Benzamide', 'C': 'Pyrrole', 'D': 'Cholesterol-skeleton'}",C
What is a substituent of Monoiodothyronine?,"{'A': 'Pterin', 'B': 'Organonitrogen compound', 'C': 'Serotonin', 'D': '12-oxosteroid'}",B
What is a substituent of PC(16:0/16:0)?,"{'A': 'Tetraalkylammonium salt', 'B': 'Octadecanoid', 'C': 'Organic zwitterion', 'D': 'Primary carboxylic acid amide'}",A
What is a substituent of Acetaldehyde?,"{'A': 'Aliphatic acyclic compound', 'B': '18-oxayohimban', 'C': 'Methionine or derivatives', 'D': 'N-substituted imidazole'}",A
"What is a substituent of 3a,6b,7b-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': '3-hydroxy-delta-7-steroid', 'B': 'Alcohol', 'C': 'Biopterin', 'D': 'Carotene'}",B
What is a substituent of Ribonic acid?,"{'A': 'Purinone', 'B': 'Alpha-hydroxy acid', 'C': 'Very long-chain fatty acid', 'D': '11-hydroxysteroid'}",B
What is a substituent of Estradiol?,"{'A': 'Piperidinone', 'B': '18-oxosteroid', 'C': '11-alpha-hydroxysteroid', 'D': 'Benzenoid'}",D
What is a substituent of Tauro-b-muricholic acid?,"{'A': 'O-glycosyl compound', 'B': 'Hydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives', 'C': 'Vinylogous acid', 'D': 'Hippuric acid or derivatives'}",B
What is a substituent of Pyridinoline?,"{'A': 'Hydroxypyridine', 'B': '12-oxosteroid', 'C': 'Aryl ketone', 'D': 'Indolyl carboxylic acid derivative'}",A
What is a substituent of Hydroxypropionic acid?,"{'A': 'Sulfated steroid skeleton', 'B': 'Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives', 'C': 'Cholesterol-skeleton', 'D': 'Beta-aminoketone'}",B
"What is a substituent of 3b,15b,17a-Trihydroxy-pregnenone?","{'A': 'Hydroxybenzoic acid', 'B': 'Sulfated steroid skeleton', 'C': 'Pyrazolopyrimidine', 'D': 'Short-chain hydroxy acid'}",D
What is a substituent of L-Cysteinylglycine disulfide?,"{'A': '21-hydroxysteroid', 'B': 'Delta-4-steroid', 'C': 'Beta-carboline', 'D': 'Alpha-amino acid amide'}",D
What is a substituent of Caproic acid?,"{'A': 'Organooxygen compound', 'B': 'Ketone', 'C': 'Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon', 'D': 'Alkanesulfonic acid'}",A
What is a substituent of L-Serine?,"{'A': 'Serine or derivatives', 'B': 'Alkyl aryl ether', 'C': 'Aldehyde', 'D': 'Dimethoxybenzene'}",A
What is a substituent of Xanthine?,"{'A': 'Monosaccharide sulfate', 'B': 'Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound', 'C': 'Purinone', 'D': '16-hydroxysteroid'}",C
What is a substituent of Erythronilic acid?,"{'A': 'Aliphatic acyclic compound', 'B': 'Dialkyl phosphate', 'C': 'Lactam', 'D': 'Alpha-hydroxy acid'}",A
What is a substituent of Tetrahydrofuran?,"{'A': 'Sesquiterpenoid', 'B': 'Cyclohexanol', 'C': 'Monoalkyl phosphate', 'D': 'Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound'}",D
"What is a substituent of 2b,3a,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Gamma-glutamyl alpha peptide', 'B': ""Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside"", 'C': 'Benzoic acid or derivatives', 'D': 'Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives'}",D
What is a substituent of Sepiapterin?,"{'A': ""Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside"", 'B': 'N-acyl-alpha-hexosamine', 'C': 'Organic 1,3-dipolar compound', 'D': '2-iodophenol'}",C
What is a substituent of Cinnamic acid?,"{'A': 'Hippuric acid or derivatives', 'B': 'Tetralin', 'C': 'Aniline or substituted anilines', 'D': 'Styrene'}",D
What is a substituent of Allocholic acid?,"{'A': 'Trihydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives', 'B': 'Unsaturated hydrocarbon', 'C': 'Hydroxy fatty acid', 'D': 'Tertiary amine'}",A
What is a substituent of Butyric acid?,"{'A': 'Hydropyrimidine carboxylic acid derivative', 'B': 'Diterpenoid', 'C': 'Organooxygen compound', 'D': 'Hybrid peptide'}",C
What is a substituent of Deoxyguanosine?,"{'A': 'Purinone', 'B': 'O-dimethoxybenzene', 'C': 'Aryl halide', 'D': 'Trihydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives'}",A
What is a substituent of 5-Methylthioribose 1-phosphate?,"{'A': 'Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound', 'B': '1,3-aminoalcohol', 'C': 'Sulfated steroid skeleton', 'D': 'Alcohol'}",D
"What is a substituent of 3a,4b,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Ergosterol-skeleton', 'B': 'Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound', 'C': 'Polyol', 'D': '6-oxopurine'}",C
What is a substituent of 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol glucuronide?,"{'A': 'Neuaca2-3galb1-4glcb-cer_backbone', 'B': 'Hypoxanthine', 'C': 'Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives', 'D': 'Ether'}",D
What is a substituent of L-Homocystine?,"{'A': 'Organic nitrogen compound', 'B': 'Organic zwitterion', 'C': 'Carbonic acid derivative', 'D': 'Carboximidic acid derivative'}",A
What is a substituent of Oxalacetic acid?,"{'A': 'Medium-chain hydroxy acid', 'B': 'Vinylogous ester', 'C': 'Alpha-keto acid', 'D': 'Delta valerolactone'}",C
What is a substituent of PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))?,"{'A': 'Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound', 'B': 'Phenol ether', 'C': 'Phosphocholine', 'D': 'Sesquiterpenoid'}",C
What is a substituent of Leucinic acid?,"{'A': 'Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives', 'B': 'Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives', 'C': 'Azole', 'D': 'Very long-chain fatty acid'}",B
What is a substituent of 3-Sulfinoalanine?,"{'A': 'Xanthine', 'B': 'Azacycle', 'C': 'Acyl-carnitine', 'D': 'Organic oxide'}",D
What is a substituent of beta-N-Acetylglucosamine?,"{'A': 'Pyridine nucleotide', 'B': 'Hydropyridine', 'C': 'Hybrid peptide', 'D': 'Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound'}",D
What is a substituent of Tiglylglycine?,"{'A': 'Carboxylic acid', 'B': 'Imidolactam', 'C': 'Hexose monosaccharide', 'D': 'Pyrimidone'}",A
What is a substituent of Taurocholic acid?,"{'A': 'Homogeneous halogen', 'B': 'Aliphatic acyclic compound', 'C': 'Polyol', 'D': 'N-acylpyrrolidine'}",C
What is a substituent of Thiamine?,"{'A': '11-oxosteroid', 'B': 'Thiamine', 'C': 'Medium-chain keto acid', 'D': 'Pyrimidine nucleotide sugar'}",B
What is a substituent of Ureidopropionic acid?,"{'A': 'Phenanthrene', 'B': 'Methionine or derivatives', 'C': 'Organic nitrogen compound', 'D': 'Pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate'}",C
"What is a substituent of 3a,7a-Dihydroxycholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Thiamine', 'B': 'Disaccharide sulfate', 'C': '3-hydroxysteroid', 'D': 'Phenethylamine'}",C
What is a substituent of (S)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid?,"{'A': 'Pentose-5-phosphate', 'B': 'Alcohol', 'C': 'Retinoid skeleton', 'D': 'Aryl alkyl ketone'}",B
What is a substituent of 2-Isopropylmalic acid?,"{'A': 'Pyrroline', 'B': 'Diacylglycero-3-phosphocholine', 'C': 'Carboxylic acid derivative', 'D': 'Amphetamine or derivatives'}",C
What is a substituent of Monoiodothyronine?,"{'A': '16-alpha-hydroxysteroid', 'B': 'Amphetamine or derivatives', 'C': 'Branched fatty acid', 'D': 'Cobalamin'}",B
What is a substituent of N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine?,"{'A': 'Organic oxide', 'B': 'Ajmalicine-skeleton', 'C': 'Alkyl sulfate', 'D': 'Disaccharide'}",A
What is a substituent of Heparan sulfate?,"{'A': 'Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound', 'B': 'Organosulfonic acid amide', 'C': 'Organic nitrogen compound', 'D': '2-polyprenyl-6-methoxyphenol'}",C
What is a substituent of Vanillic acid?,"{'A': 'Monosaccharide', 'B': 'Hydrocarbon derivative', 'C': 'Aminoimidazole', 'D': 'Pyrazine'}",B
What is a substituent of 7-Methylguanine?,"{'A': 'Phenylacetamide', 'B': 'Organic disulfide', 'C': 'Tryptamine', 'D': 'Organopnictogen compound'}",D
What is a substituent of 3-Methylglutaconic acid?,"{'A': 'Pyran', 'B': '1,3-diazinane', 'C': 'Unsaturated fatty acid', 'D': 'Carboxamide group'}",C
What is a substituent of Succinyladenosine?,"{'A': 'Carnitine', 'B': 'Alcohol', 'C': 'Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives', 'D': 'Pyridinium'}",B
What is a substituent of Cyclic AMP?,"{'A': 'Organosulfonic acid amide', 'B': 'N-hydroxyl-alpha-amino acid', 'C': 'Imidolactam', 'D': 'Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative'}",C
What is a substituent of Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine?,"{'A': '1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid', 'B': 'Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound', 'C': 'Hydroxy acid', 'D': 'Carotene'}",A
What is a substituent of 18-Hydroxycorticosterone?,"{'A': 'Tyrosine or derivatives', 'B': 'Organic disulfide', 'C': '11-hydroxysteroid', 'D': 'Coumaric acid or derivatives'}",C
What is a substituent of D-Ribose?,"{'A': 'Pentose monosaccharide', 'B': 'Hydroxyquinoline', 'C': 'Pentahydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives', 'D': ""5'-deoxy-5'-thionucleoside""}",A
What is a substituent of Stigmastanol?,"{'A': '3-oxo-delta-4-steroid', 'B': 'Urea', 'C': 'Ajmalicine-skeleton', 'D': 'Carboxylic acid salt'}",C
What is a substituent of Sepiapterin?,"{'A': 'Carbonyl group', 'B': 'Amphetamine or derivatives', 'C': 'Nicotinamide-nucleotide', 'D': 'Glyceric_acid'}",A
What is a substituent of Glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine?,"{'A': 'O-glycosyl compound', 'B': 'Acyl choline', 'C': 'Iodobenzene', 'D': 'Tertiary amine'}",A
What is a substituent of Taurallocholic acid?,"{'A': 'N-organohydroxylamine', 'B': 'Gluconic_acid', 'C': '12-hydroxysteroid', 'D': 'Purinone'}",C
What is a substituent of 2'-Deoxysepiapterin?,"{'A': 'Arylsulfate', 'B': '11-hydroxysteroid', 'C': 'Vinylogous amide', 'D': ""5'-deoxy-5'-thionucleoside""}",C
What is a substituent of N-Glycoloylganglioside GM2?,"{'A': '11-alpha-hydroxysteroid', 'B': '2-heteroaryl carboxamide', 'C': '1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid', 'D': 'Alkyl glycoside'}",D
What is a substituent of Tauro-b-muricholic acid?,"{'A': 'N-substituted-alpha-amino acid', 'B': 'Pentose phosphate', 'C': 'Beta amino acid or derivatives', 'D': 'N-acyl-amine'}",D
"What is a substituent of 4a-Methyl-5a-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-one?","{'A': 'Alkyl phosphate', 'B': 'Carboximidic acid', 'C': 'Thiazole', 'D': 'Oxosteroid'}",D
"What is a substituent of Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate?","{'A': 'Trihydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives', 'B': 'Sulfuric acid ester', 'C': 'Beta-aminoketone', 'D': ""Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate""}",D
What is a substituent of 2-Hydroxyestradiol-3-methyl ether?,"{'A': 'Gamma-keto acid', 'B': 'Glycero-3-phosphocholine', 'C': 'Carbonyl group', 'D': 'Imidazopyrimidine'}",C
What is a substituent of Uridine diphosphate acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate?,"{'A': 'Tetrahydrofuran', 'B': 'Delta-5-steroid', 'C': 'Acylaminosugar', 'D': '11-alpha-hydroxysteroid'}",A
What is a substituent of Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid?,"{'A': 'Indole', 'B': 'Inositol phosphate', 'C': 'Tetrahydrofuran', 'D': 'Sulfated steroid skeleton'}",C
What is a substituent of Indolelactic acid?,"{'A': 'Heteroaromatic compound', 'B': 'Triterpenoid', 'C': 'Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate', 'D': 'Amino acid'}",A
What is a substituent of Epinephrine?,"{'A': 'Aliphatic acyclic compound', 'B': '3-aminopiperidine', 'C': 'Secondary aliphatic amine', 'D': 'Hydroxy fatty acid'}",C
What is a substituent of Glycoursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Sulfate-ester', 'B': 'Alpha-aminoketone', 'C': 'Pyrazine', 'D': 'Organopnictogen compound'}",D
What is a substituent of Uridine diphosphate acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate?,"{'A': 'Ceramide', 'B': 'Glycosphingolipid', 'C': '17-hydroxysteroid', 'D': 'Alpha-diketone'}",D
What is a substituent of Uridine diphosphate glucose?,"{'A': 'Purine nucleotide sugar', 'B': '1,2-acyl-sn-glycerol', 'C': 'Organic phosphoric acid derivative', 'D': 'D-alpha-amino acid'}",C
What is a substituent of 18-Oxocortisol?,"{'A': 'Gamma butyrolactone', 'B': 'Phenethylamine', 'C': 'Tertiary alcohol', 'D': 'Alpha-keto acid'}",C
"What is a substituent of 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid?","{'A': 'Hydropyrimidine', 'B': 'Butyrophenone', 'C': 'Organic nitrogen compound', 'D': 'Ketone'}",C
What is a substituent of 2-Methylcitric acid?,"{'A': ""Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate"", 'B': 'Hydroxy acid', 'C': 'S-sulfo-l-cysteine', 'D': 'Diazanaphthalene'}",B
What is a substituent of 18-Oxocortisol?,"{'A': 'N-acylpyrrolidine', 'B': '1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphate', 'C': 'Progestogin-skeleton', 'D': 'Catechol'}",C
What is a substituent of N-Acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'Acetamide', 'B': 'Alkyl glycoside', 'C': 'Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid', 'D': 'Phosphoric acid ester'}",A
What is a substituent of Melibiose?,"{'A': 'Thia fatty acid', 'B': 'Sulfuric acid diester', 'C': 'Disaccharide', 'D': 'Pregnane-skeleton'}",C
What is a substituent of Orotidylic acid?,"{'A': '16-alpha-hydroxysteroid', 'B': 'Farsesane sesquiterpenoid', 'C': 'Dialkylthioether', 'D': 'Pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate'}",D
What is a substituent of Galactaric acid?,"{'A': 'Alkyl aryl ether', 'B': 'Sugar acid', 'C': 'Secondary alcohol', 'D': 'Sugar alcohol'}",C
What is a substituent of Glycogen?,"{'A': 'Acyl choline', 'B': 'Acetal', 'C': '4,5-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole', 'D': 'P-cresol'}",B
What is a substituent of Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine?,"{'A': 'Dihydroxybenzoic acid', 'B': 'Pyrroline', 'C': 'Monosaccharide', 'D': 'N-acyl-l-alpha-amino acid'}",C
What is a substituent of beta-N-Acetylglucosamine?,"{'A': 'Dihydroxybenzoic acid', 'B': 'Hydrocarbon derivative', 'C': 'Organic zwitterion', 'D': 'C-glycosyl compound'}",B
What is a substituent of Ethylmalonic acid?,"{'A': 'Organooxygen compound', 'B': 'Unsaturated fatty acid', 'C': '3-alpha-hydroxysteroid', 'D': 'Glutamic acid or derivatives'}",A
What is a substituent of Ferulic acid?,"{'A': 'Phenoxy compound', 'B': 'Furan', 'C': 'Androstane-skeleton', 'D': 'Alpha peptide'}",A
"What is a substituent of 5,6-Dihydrouridine?","{'A': 'N-organohydroxylamine', 'B': 'Secondary alcohol', 'C': 'N-acyl-amine', 'D': 'Hydropyrimidine carboxylic acid derivative'}",B
What is a substituent of Isoxanthopterin?,"{'A': 'Tertiary aliphatic amine', 'B': 'Monocyclic benzene moiety', 'C': '2-polyprenyl-6-methoxyphenol', 'D': 'Heteroaromatic compound'}",D
What is a substituent of N-Acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'Pyridine nucleotide', 'B': 'Cholesterol', 'C': 'Secondary alcohol', 'D': 'Leucine or derivatives'}",C
What is a substituent of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid?,"{'A': 'Carboxylic acid', 'B': 'Salicylamide', 'C': '3-oxosteroid', 'D': 'Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine'}",A
What is a substituent of alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid?,"{'A': '17-oxosteroid', 'B': 'Pyridoxine', 'C': 'Organooxygen compound', 'D': 'Oxane'}",C
What is a substituent of Tiglylglycine?,"{'A': 'Organic oxygen compound', 'B': 'Pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid', 'C': 'Beta-hydroxy ketone', 'D': 'Hydroxycinnamic acid'}",A
What is a substituent of 3-Hydroxysuberic acid?,"{'A': 'N-hydroxyl-alpha-amino acid', 'B': 'Thioether', 'C': 'Fatty acyl', 'D': 'Tricarboxylic acid or derivatives'}",C
What is a substituent of Estrone?,"{'A': '2-imidazoline', 'B': 'Dialkyl ether', 'C': 'Estrogen-skeleton', 'D': 'Aldehyde'}",C
What is a substituent of Goshuyic acid?,"{'A': 'Tetraalkylammonium salt', 'B': 'Phenylsulfate', 'C': 'Pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid or derivatives', 'D': 'Aliphatic acyclic compound'}",D
What is a substituent of Histamine?,"{'A': 'Azacycle', 'B': 'Lactam', 'C': '3-oxo-delta-4-steroid', 'D': 'Glycosyl-n-acylsphingosine'}",A
What is a substituent of NADPH?,"{'A': 'Heteroaromatic compound', 'B': 'Alkaloid or derivatives', 'C': ""Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside"", 'D': 'Biphenyl'}",A
What is a substituent of Chenodeoxycholic acid disulfate?,"{'A': 'Bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives', 'B': 'S-sulfo-l-cysteine', 'C': 'Alpha-hydroxy ketone', 'D': 'Aminosulfonyl compound'}",A
What is the InChI of L-Methionine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C3H6O4/c4-1-2(5)3(6)7/h2,4-5H,1H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H11NO2S/c1-9-3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H10O4/c10-7-3-1-6(2-4-7)5-8(11)9(12)13/h1-4,8,10-11H,5H2,(H,12,13)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H12O5/c6-1-3(8)5(10)4(9)2-7/h3-10H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5-'}",B
What is the InChI of beta-Carotene?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C40H56/c1-31(19-13-21-33(3)25-27-37-35(5)23-15-29-39(37,7)8)17-11-12-18-32(2)20-14-22-34(4)26-28-38-36(6)24-16-30-40(38,9)10/h11-14,17-22,25-28H,15-16,23-24,29-30H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,19-13+,20-14+,27-25+,28-26+,31-17+,32-18+,33-21+,34-22+', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C2H7NO/c3-1-2-4/h4H,1-3H2', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-5(2)3-4(6)7/h3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C14H25NO21S3/c1-29-9-7(17)10(35-38(23,24)25)14(34-11(9)12(18)19)33-8-4(3-31-37(20,21)22)32-13(30-2)5(6(8)16)15-36-39(26,27)28/h4-11,13-17H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,18,19)(H,20,21,22)(H,23,24,25)(H,26,27,28)/t4-,5-,6-,7+,8-,9+,10-,11-,13+,14+/m0/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of Oleic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C24H38O5/c1-13(4-7-21(28)29)16-5-6-17-22-18(12-20(27)24(16,17)3)23(2)9-8-15(25)10-14(23)11-19(22)26/h13-14,16-20,22,26-27H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,28,29)/t13-,14+,16-,17+,18+,19-,20+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C18H34O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h9-10H,2-8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b10-9-', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C14H17N5O8/c20-2-6-9(23)10(24)13(27-6)19-4-17-8-11(15-3-16-12(8)19)18-5(14(25)26)1-7(21)22/h3-6,9-10,13,20,23-24H,1-2H2,(H,21,22)(H,25,26)(H,15,16,18)/t5-,6+,9+,10+,13+/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H10O4/c10-7-3-1-6(5-8(7)11)2-4-9(12)13/h1,3,5,10-11H,2,4H2,(H,12,13)'}",B
What is the InChI of Mevalonic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C11H21NO4/c1-8(2)11(15)16-9(6-10(13)14)7-12(3,4)5/h8-9H,6-7H2,1-5H3/p+1/t9-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C6H12O4/c1-6(10,2-3-7)4-5(8)9/h7,10H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,8,9)/t6-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c1-2-9-5(8)3-4(6)7/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,6,7)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C20H23N7O7/c21-20-25-16-15(18(32)26-20)23-11(7-22-16)8-27(9-28)12-3-1-10(2-4-12)17(31)24-13(19(33)34)5-6-14(29)30/h1-4,9,11,13,23H,5-8H2,(H,24,31)(H,29,30)(H,33,34)(H4,21,22,25,26,32)/t11?,13-/m0/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of Dihydroneopterin triphosphate?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C9H16N5O13P3/c10-9-13-7-5(8(17)14-9)12-3(1-11-7)6(16)4(15)2-25-29(21,22)27-30(23,24)26-28(18,19)20/h4,6,15-16H,1-2H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,18,19,20)(H4,10,11,13,14,17)/t4-,6+/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C6H10O4/c1-10-6(9)4-2-3-5(7)8/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,7,8)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C43H85NO8/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-31-33-39(47)44-36(35-51-43-42(50)41(49)40(48)38(34-45)52-43)37(46)32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h36-38,40-43,45-46,48-50H,3-35H2,1-2H3,(H,44,47)/t36-,37-,38+,40+,41-,42+,43+/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H13O14P3/c6-3-2(1-16-20(8,9)10)17-5(4(3)7)18-22(14,15)19-21(11,12)13/h2-7H,1H2,(H,14,15)(H2,8,9,10)(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4-,5-/m1/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of Phenylpyruvic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C15H24N2O17P2/c18-3-5-8(20)10(22)12(24)14(32-5)33-36(28,29)34-35(26,27)30-4-6-9(21)11(23)13(31-6)17-2-1-7(19)16-15(17)25/h1-2,5-6,8-14,18,20-24H,3-4H2,(H,26,27)(H,28,29)(H,16,19,25)/t5-,6-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12-,13-,14-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2,(H,11,12)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H12N2O2/c6-3-1-2-4(7)5(8)9/h4H,1-3,6-7H2,(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Propyl alcohol?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C38H38N4O12/c1-17-19(3-7-33(43)44)27-14-29-21(5-9-35(47)48)24(12-38(53)54)32(41-29)16-30-22(6-10-36(49)50)23(11-37(51)52)31(42-30)15-28-20(4-8-34(45)46)18(2)26(40-28)13-25(17)39-27/h13-16,40-41H,3-12H2,1-2H3,(H,43,44)(H,45,46)(H,47,48)(H,49,50)(H,51,52)(H,53,54)/b25-13-,26-13-,27-14-,28-15-,29-14-,30-16-,31-15-,32-16-', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3S/c6-3(2-11)5(10)7-1-4(8)9/h3,11H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,10)(H,8,9)/t3-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C7H15N3O3/c8-5(6(11)12)3-1-2-4-10-7(9)13/h5H,1-4,8H2,(H,11,12)(H3,9,10,13)/t5-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C3H8O/c1-2-3-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3'}",D
What is the InChI of Uroporphyrin I?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C35H69O8P/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-34(36)41-31-33(32-42-44(38,39)40)43-35(37)30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h33H,3-32H2,1-2H3,(H2,38,39,40)/t33-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C9H13N5O3/c1-3(15)6(16)4-2-11-7-5(12-4)8(17)14-9(10)13-7/h3,6,15-16H,2H2,1H3,(H4,10,11,13,14,17)/t3-,6-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C40H38N4O16/c45-33(46)5-1-17-21(9-37(53)54)29-14-26-19(3-7-35(49)50)23(11-39(57)58)31(43-26)16-28-20(4-8-36(51)52)24(12-40(59)60)32(44-28)15-27-18(2-6-34(47)48)22(10-38(55)56)30(42-27)13-25(17)41-29/h13-16,41,44H,1-12H2,(H,45,46)(H,47,48)(H,49,50)(H,51,52)(H,53,54)(H,55,56)(H,57,58)(H,59,60)/b25-13-,26-14-,27-15-,28-16-,29-14-,30-13-,31-16-,32-15-', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C26H43NO4/c1-16(4-9-23(29)27-15-24(30)31)20-7-8-21-19-6-5-17-14-18(28)10-12-25(17,2)22(19)11-13-26(20,21)3/h16-22,28H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,27,29)(H,30,31)/t16-,17-,18-,19+,20-,21+,22+,25+,26-/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Isocoproporphyrin?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H6O6/c7-4(8)1-3(6(11)12)2-5(9)10/h1H,2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/b3-1+', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C9H16O4/c10-8(11)6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9(12)13/h1-7H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C36H38N4O8/c1-5-20-17(2)25-13-26-18(3)21(6-9-33(41)42)29(38-26)15-31-23(8-11-35(45)46)24(12-36(47)48)32(40-31)16-30-22(7-10-34(43)44)19(4)27(39-30)14-28(20)37-25/h13-16,37,40H,5-12H2,1-4H3,(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H,45,46)(H,47,48)/b25-13-,26-13-,27-14-,28-14-,29-15-,30-16-,31-15-,32-16-', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C7H11NO3/c1-3-5(2)7(11)8-4-6(9)10/h3H,4H2,1-2H3,(H,8,11)(H,9,10)/b5-3+'}",C
What is the InChI of Tauro-b-muricholic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15-,16+,17+,18-,19+,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c1-2-3(4(6)7)5(8)9/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-21(29)27-12-13-35(32,33)34)17-5-6-18-22-19(9-11-25(17,18)2)26(3)10-8-16(28)14-20(26)23(30)24(22)31/h15-20,22-24,28,30-31H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,29)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16-,17-,18?,19?,20+,22?,23+,24-,25-,26-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C3H8NO5P/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)'}",C
What is the InChI of Glycerylphosphorylethanolamine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C19H32O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h12-17,20-21H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12?,13-,14?,15?,16?,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C3H7NO2/c1-4-2-3(5)6/h4H,2H2,1H3,(H,5,6)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C6H10O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H14NO6P/c6-1-2-11-13(9,10)12-4-5(8)3-7/h5,7-8H,1-4,6H2,(H,9,10)'}",D
What is the InChI of Phosphoglycolic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C7H12O5/c1-4(2)7(12,6(10)11)3-5(8)9/h4,12H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t7-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C2H5O6P/c3-2(4)1-8-9(5,6)7/h1H2,(H,3,4)(H2,5,6,7)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C8H15NO3/c1-2-3-4-5-7(10)9-6-8(11)12/h2-6H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)'}",C
What is the InChI of Galactitol?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C27H44O3/c1-18-8-12-22(28)17-21(18)11-10-20-7-6-16-27(5)23(13-14-24(20)27)19(2)9-15-25(29)26(3,4)30/h10-11,19,22-25,28-30H,1,6-9,12-17H2,2-5H3/b20-10+,21-11-/t19-,22-,23-,24+,25?,27-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6-', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H42O21/c25-1-5-9(28)11(30)16(35)22(41-5)39-4-8-20(45-23-17(36)12(31)10(29)6(2-26)42-23)14(33)18(37)24(43-8)44-19-7(3-27)40-21(38)15(34)13(19)32/h5-38H,1-4H2/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21+,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/t5-/m0/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of L-Arabinose?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C10H12O5/c1-15-9-5-6(2-3-7(9)11)4-8(12)10(13)14/h2-3,5,8,11-12H,4H2,1H3,(H,13,14)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-2-1-10-5(9)4(8)3(2)7/h2-9H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C7H12N2O3/c8-4-6(10)9-3-1-2-5(9)7(11)12/h5H,1-4,8H2,(H,11,12)/t5-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C26H43NO6/c1-14(4-7-22(31)27-13-23(32)33)17-5-6-18-24-19(12-21(30)26(17,18)3)25(2)9-8-16(28)10-15(25)11-20(24)29/h14-21,24,28-30H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33)/t14-,15+,16-,17-,18+,19+,20-,21+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of Trehalose?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C5H8O5/c6-3(1-4(7)8)2-5(9)10/h3,6H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-3(11)9-5-7(13)6(12)4(2-10)15-8(5)14/h4-8,10,12-14H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,11)/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8?/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-6(16)7(25-27(20,21)22)4(24-10)1-23-26(17,18)19/h2-4,6-7,10,16H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,17,18,19)(H2,20,21,22)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Trimethylamine N-oxide?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C3H9NO/c1-4(2,3)5/h1-3H3', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C30H30N4O4/c1-15-9-20-12-25-17(3)21(5-7-29(35)36)27(33-25)14-28-22(6-8-30(37)38)18(4)26(34-28)13-24-16(2)10-19(32-24)11-23(15)31-20/h9-14,31,34H,5-8H2,1-4H3,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)/b19-11-,20-12-,23-11-,24-13-,25-12-,26-13-,27-14-,28-14-', 'C': 'InChI=1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H11N5O4/c10-9-13-7-5(8(18)14-9)12-3(1-11-7)6(17)4(16)2-15/h1,4,6,15-17H,2H2,(H3,10,11,13,14,18)/t4-,6-/m0/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of Guanidoacetic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C14H20N6O5S/c15-6(14(23)24)1-2-26-3-7-9(21)10(22)13(25-7)20-5-19-8-11(16)17-4-18-12(8)20/h4-7,9-10,13,21-22H,1-3,15H2,(H,23,24)(H2,16,17,18)/t6-,7+,9+,10+,13+/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C3H7N3O2/c4-3(5)6-1-2(7)8/h1H2,(H,7,8)(H4,4,5,6)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C6H10O3/c1-3-4(2)5(7)6(8)9/h4H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O/c1-3-4(2)5/h3H2,1-2H3'}",B
What is the InChI of 7-Dehydrocholesterol?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H12O3/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4-5,7H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C27H44O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h9-10,18-19,21,23-25,28H,6-8,11-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,21+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H10O5/c7-3-2-1-10-6(11-2)5(9)4(3)8/h2-9H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1'}",B
"What is the InChI of 3a,6b,7b,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C15H22N2O18P2/c18-5-1-2-17(15(26)16-5)12-9(22)6(19)4(32-12)3-31-36(27,28)35-37(29,30)34-14-10(23)7(20)8(21)11(33-14)13(24)25/h1-2,4,6-12,14,19-23H,3H2,(H,24,25)(H,27,28)(H,29,30)(H,16,18,26)/t4-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11+,12-,14-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C6H10O5/c7-4(3-6(10)11)1-2-5(8)9/h4,7H,1-3H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-19(27)28)14-5-6-15-20-16(11-18(26)24(14,15)3)23(2)9-8-13(25)10-17(23)21(29)22(20)30/h12-18,20-22,25-26,29-30H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t12-,13-,14-,15+,16+,17+,18+,20+,21+,22-,23-,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Oenanthic ether?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C8H16N3O8P/c9-5(10)1-11(3-12)8-7(14)6(13)4(19-8)2-18-20(15,16)17/h3-4,6-8,13-14H,1-2H2,(H3,9,10)(H2,15,16,17)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C9H18O2/c1-3-5-6-7-8-9(10)11-4-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C26H45NO6S/c1-16(4-7-23(30)27-12-13-34(31,32)33)19-5-6-20-24-21(9-11-26(19,20)3)25(2)10-8-18(28)14-17(25)15-22(24)29/h16-22,24,28-29H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32,33)/t16-,17+,18-,19-,20+,21+,22-,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C10H18O5/c11-8(7-10(14)15)5-3-1-2-4-6-9(12)13/h8,11H,1-7H2,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/t8-/m1/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of Indoleacrylic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O5/c1-13(4-7-19(26)27)15-5-6-16-20-17(9-11-23(15,16)2)24(3)10-8-14(25)12-18(24)21(28)22(20)29/h13-18,20-22,25,28-29H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,26,27)/t13-,14-,15?,16+,17+,18+,20+,21-,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C15H12I3NO4/c16-9-6-8(1-2-13(9)20)23-14-10(17)3-7(4-11(14)18)5-12(19)15(21)22/h1-4,6,12,20H,5,19H2,(H,21,22)/t12-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C11H22O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11(12)13/h2-10H2,1H3,(H,12,13)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C11H9NO2/c13-11(14)6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-7,12H,(H,13,14)/b6-5+'}",D
What is the InChI of CE(18:1(9Z))?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3S/c6-3(2-11)5(10)7-1-4(8)9/h3,11H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,10)(H,8,9)/t3-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C24H38O4/c1-14(4-7-21(27)28)17-5-6-18-22-19(9-11-24(17,18)3)23(2)10-8-16(25)12-15(23)13-20(22)26/h14-15,17-20,22,26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15+,17-,18+,19+,20-,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C45H78O2/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-25-43(46)47-38-30-32-44(5)37(34-38)26-27-39-41-29-28-40(36(4)24-22-23-35(2)3)45(41,6)33-31-42(39)44/h14-15,26,35-36,38-42H,7-13,16-25,27-34H2,1-6H3/b15-14-/t36-,38+,39?,40?,41?,42?,44+,45-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c1-12-7-4-5(8(10)11)2-3-6(7)9/h2-4,9H,1H3,(H,10,11)'}",C
What is the InChI of 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol glucuronide?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-21(29)27-12-13-35(32,33)34)17-5-6-18-22-19(9-11-25(17,18)2)26(3)10-8-16(28)14-20(26)23(30)24(22)31/h15-20,22-24,28,30-31H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,29)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16-,17-,18?,19?,20+,22?,23+,24-,25-,26-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C3H9O6P/c4-1-3(5)2-9-10(6,7)8/h3-5H,1-2H2,(H2,6,7,8)/t3-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H11N5O2/c1-2-5(15)4-3-11-7-6(12-4)8(16)14-9(10)13-7/h2-3H2,1H3,(H4,10,11,13,14,16)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C15H20O10/c1-23-9-4-6(7(17)5-16)2-3-8(9)24-15-12(20)10(18)11(19)13(25-15)14(21)22/h2-4,7,10-13,15-20H,5H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/t7?,10-,11-,12+,13-,15+/m0/s1'}",D
What is the InChI of Isocaproic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C12H20O4/c13-11(14)9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8-10-12(15)16/h7,9H,1-6,8,10H2,(H,13,14)(H,15,16)/b9-7+', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C20H30O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,21H,7,10,14-15H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C6H12O2/c1-5(2)3-4-6(7)8/h5H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C10H16N2O3S/c13-8(14)4-2-1-3-7-9-6(5-16-7)11-10(15)12-9/h6-7,9H,1-5H2,(H,13,14)(H2,11,12,15)/t6-,7-,9-/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Pipecolic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H11NO2/c8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5/h5,7H,1-4H2,(H,8,9)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C9H8O2/c10-9(11)7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-7H,(H,10,11)/b7-6-', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C8H15N3O5S2/c9-4(7(14)11-1-6(12)13)2-17-18-3-5(10)8(15)16/h4-5H,1-3,9-10H2,(H,11,14)(H,12,13)(H,15,16)/t4?,5-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of Umanopterin?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C12H20O4/c13-11(14)9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8-10-12(15)16/h7,9H,1-6,8,10H2,(H,13,14)(H,15,16)/b9-7+', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C26H43NO5/c1-15(4-9-23(30)27-14-24(31)32)19-7-8-20-18-6-5-16-12-17(28)10-11-25(16,2)21(18)13-22(29)26(19,20)3/h15-22,28-29H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32)/t15-,16-,17-,18?,19-,20?,21?,22+,25+,26-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C21H34O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h12-16,18,22-24,26H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12?,13-,14?,15?,16+,18?,19+,20+,21+/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H11N5O4/c10-9-13-7-5(8(18)14-9)12-3(1-11-7)6(17)4(16)2-15/h1,4,6,15-17H,2H2,(H3,10,11,13,14,18)/t4-,6-/m1/s1'}",D
"What is the InChI of 3a,7b,12b-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C45H78O2/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-25-43(46)47-38-30-32-44(5)37(34-38)26-27-39-41-29-28-40(36(4)24-22-23-35(2)3)45(41,6)33-31-42(39)44/h14-15,26,35-36,38-42H,7-13,16-25,27-34H2,1-6H3/b15-14-/t36-,38+,39?,40?,41?,42?,44+,45-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O5/c1-13(4-7-21(28)29)16-5-6-17-22-18(12-20(27)24(16,17)3)23(2)9-8-15(25)10-14(23)11-19(22)26/h13-20,22,25-27H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,28,29)/t13-,14+,15-,16-,17+,18+,19+,20-,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C13H21NO10/c1-5(15)14-9-7(17)3-13(22,12(20)21)24-11(9)10(19)8(18)4-23-6(2)16/h7-11,17-19,22H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,14,15)(H,20,21)/t7-,8+,9+,10+,11+,13-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H13NO2/c1-12-9-6-7(4-5-10)2-3-8(9)11/h2-3,6,11H,4-5,10H2,1H3'}",B
What is the InChI of Valeric acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C5H10O2/c1-2-3-4-5(6)7/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,6,7)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h3,13-16,20H,4-11H2,1-2H3/t13-,14-,15-,16-,18-,19-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H6N2O4/c8-3-1-2(4(9)10)6-5(11)7-3/h2H,1H2,(H,9,10)(H2,6,7,8,11)'}",A
What is the InChI of Isoursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H13O7PS/c1-15-2-3-4(7)5(8)6(12-3)13-14(9,10)11/h3-8H,2H2,1H3,(H2,9,10,11)/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C7H12O4/c1-5(4-7(10)11)2-3-6(8)9/h5H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t5-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O5/c1-13(4-7-21(28)29)16-5-6-17-22-18(12-20(27)24(16,17)3)23(2)9-8-15(25)10-14(23)11-19(22)26/h13-20,22,25-27H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,28,29)/t13-,14+,15-,16-,17+,18+,19-,20+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-7-21(27)28)17-5-6-18-22-19(9-11-24(17,18)3)23(2)10-8-16(25)12-15(23)13-20(22)26/h14-20,22,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15+,16+,17-,18+,19+,20+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1'}",D
What is the InChI of Cholesterol?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C27H46O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h9,18-19,21-25,28H,6-8,10-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C5H4N2O4/c8-3-1-2(4(9)10)6-5(11)7-3/h1H,(H,9,10)(H2,6,7,8,11)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-4H2'}",A
What is the InChI of N-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C12H24O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C8H16N2O3/c1-6(11)10-7(8(12)13)4-2-3-5-9/h7H,2-5,9H2,1H3,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)/t7-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C21H30O4/c1-19-8-5-14(23)11-13(19)3-4-15-16(19)6-9-20(2)17(15)7-10-21(20,25)18(24)12-22/h11,15-17,22,25H,3-10,12H2,1-2H3/t15-,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H7N5O/c1-11-2-8-4-3(11)5(12)10-6(7)9-4/h2H,1H3,(H3,7,9,10,12)'}",B
What is the InChI of Uridine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C19H32O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h12-17,20-21H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14+,15+,16+,17+,18+,19+/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C27H44O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h17-19,22-25H,6-16H2,1-5H3/t19-,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H12N2O6/c12-3-4-6(14)7(15)8(17-4)11-2-1-5(13)10-9(11)16/h1-2,4,6-8,12,14-15H,3H2,(H,10,13,16)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c1-2-3(5)4(6)7/h3,5H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)/t3-/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Hexanoylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C7H16NO2/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4/h5-6H2,1-4H3/q+1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-19(27)28)14-5-6-15-20-16(11-18(26)24(14,15)3)23(2)9-8-13(25)10-17(23)21(29)22(20)30/h12-18,20-22,25-26,29-30H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t12-,13-,14-,15+,16+,17+,18+,20+,21+,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C40H56/c1-31(19-13-21-33(3)25-27-37-35(5)23-15-29-39(37,7)8)17-11-12-18-32(2)20-14-22-34(4)26-28-38-36(6)24-16-30-40(38,9)10/h11-14,17-22,25-28H,15-16,23-24,29-30H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,19-13+,20-14+,27-25+,28-26+,31-17+,32-18+,33-21+,34-22+', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C13H25NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-13(17)18-11(9-12(15)16)10-14(2,3)4/h11H,5-10H2,1-4H3/p+1/t11-/m1/s1'}",D
What is the InChI of L-Xylulose?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H8O5/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3,6H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-2-5(9)4(8)3(7)1-10-5/h3-4,6-9H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Sebacic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C19H28O3/c1-18-7-5-12(20)9-11(18)3-4-13-14(18)6-8-19(2)15(13)10-16(21)17(19)22/h3,12-16,20-21H,4-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14+,15+,16+,18+,19+/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(14)8(17)10(19)12(23-3)21-2-4-6(15)7(16)9(18)11(20)22-4/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11+,12+/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C27H48O5/c1-15(6-9-22(30)25(2,3)32)18-7-8-19-24-20(14-23(31)27(18,19)5)26(4)11-10-17(28)12-16(26)13-21(24)29/h15-24,28-32H,6-14H2,1-5H3/t15-,16?,17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,22?,23+,24+,26+,27-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C10H18O4/c11-9(12)7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8-10(13)14/h1-8H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)'}",D
What is the InChI of Pyridoxine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,10-12H,3-4H2,1H3', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b2-1-', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C18H22O3/c1-18-7-6-11-12(14(18)4-5-17(18)21)3-2-10-8-15(19)16(20)9-13(10)11/h8-9,11-12,14,19-20H,2-7H2,1H3/t11-,12+,14-,18-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C8H7NO4S/c10-14(11,12)13-8-5-9-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)8/h1-5,9H,(H,10,11,12)'}",A
What is the InChI of L-Tyrosine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C10H11NO3/c12-9(11-7-10(13)14)6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5H,6-7H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C14H24O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14(15)16/h6-7,9-10H,2-5,8,11-13H2,1H3,(H,15,16)/b7-6-,10-9-', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-21(29)30)15-5-6-16-22-17(11-20(28)24(15,16)3)23(2)13(9-18(22)26)8-14(25)10-19(23)27/h12-20,22,25-28H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,29,30)/t12-,13?,14?,15-,16+,17+,18?,19?,20?,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1'}",D
What is the InChI of L-Cystathionine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C21H30O4/c1-19-8-5-14(23)11-13(19)3-4-15-16(19)6-9-20(2)17(15)7-10-21(20,25)18(24)12-22/h11,15-17,22,25H,3-10,12H2,1-2H3/t15-,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C19H32O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h12-17,20-21H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C7H14N2O4S/c8-4(6(10)11)1-2-14-3-5(9)7(12)13/h4-5H,1-3,8-9H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)/t4-,5-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C40H38N4O16/c45-33(46)5-1-17-21(9-37(53)54)29-14-27-19(3-7-35(49)50)22(10-38(55)56)30(43-27)15-28-20(4-8-36(51)52)24(12-40(59)60)32(44-28)16-31-23(11-39(57)58)18(2-6-34(47)48)26(42-31)13-25(17)41-29/h13-16,41,44H,1-12H2,(H,45,46)(H,47,48)(H,49,50)(H,51,52)(H,53,54)(H,55,56)(H,57,58)(H,59,60)/b25-13-,26-13-,27-14-,28-15-,29-14-,30-15-,31-16-,32-16-'}",C
What is the InChI of Porphobilinogen?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c9-6-3-1-5(2-4-6)7(10)8(11)12/h1-4,7,9-10H,(H,11,12)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C10H14N2O4/c11-4-8-7(3-10(15)16)6(5-12-8)1-2-9(13)14/h5,12H,1-4,11H2,(H,13,14)(H,15,16)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H34O3/c1-15(4-9-22(26)27)19-7-8-20-18-6-5-16-14-17(25)10-12-23(16,2)21(18)11-13-24(19,20)3/h5-6,14-15,18-21H,4,7-13H2,1-3H3,(H,26,27)/t15-,18+,19-,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C18H22O3/c1-18-7-6-13-12-5-3-11(19)8-10(12)2-4-14(13)15(18)9-16(20)17(18)21/h3,5,8,13-16,19-20H,2,4,6-7,9H2,1H3/t13-,14-,15+,16+,18+/m1/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of Pantothenic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C9H17NO5/c1-9(2,5-11)7(14)8(15)10-4-3-6(12)13/h7,11,14H,3-5H2,1-2H3,(H,10,15)(H,12,13)/t7-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C9H14N4O3/c10-2-1-8(14)13-7(9(15)16)3-6-4-11-5-12-6/h4-5,7H,1-3,10H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)/t7-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C7H11N3O2/c1-10-3-5(9-4-10)2-6(8)7(11)12/h3-4,6H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,11,12)/t6-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-21(29)30)15-5-6-16-22-17(11-20(28)24(15,16)3)23(2)13(9-18(22)26)8-14(25)10-19(23)27/h12-20,22,25-28H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,29,30)/t12-,13+,14+,15-,16+,17+,18-,19-,20+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of Aldosterone?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-21(29)30)15-5-6-16-22-17(11-20(28)24(15,16)3)23(2)13(9-18(22)26)8-14(25)10-19(23)27/h12-20,22,25-28H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,29,30)/t12-,13+,14+,15-,16+,17+,18-,19-,20+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C21H32O5S/c1-13(22)17-6-7-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(26-27(23,24)25)8-10-20(14,2)19(16)9-11-21(17,18)3/h4,15-19H,5-12H2,1-3H3,(H,23,24,25)/t15?,16-,17+,18-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C21H28O5/c1-20-7-6-13(24)8-12(20)2-3-14-15-4-5-16(18(26)10-22)21(15,11-23)9-17(25)19(14)20/h8,11,14-17,19,22,25H,2-7,9-10H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17-,19+,20-,21+/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Citraconic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O4/c1-2(5)3(6)4(7)8/h2-3,5-6H,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C10H18N4O6/c11-5(8(17)18)2-1-3-13-10(12)14-6(9(19)20)4-7(15)16/h5-6H,1-4,11H2,(H,15,16)(H,17,18)(H,19,20)(H3,12,13,14)/t5-,6-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C5H5N5O/c6-3-2-4(8-1-7-2)10-5(11)9-3/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H6O4/c1-3(5(8)9)2-4(6)7/h2H,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/b3-2-'}",D
What is the InChI of 1beta-Hydroxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C5H14NO6P/c6-1-2-11-13(9,10)12-4-5(8)3-7/h5,7-8H,1-4,6H2,(H,9,10)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C10H7NO4/c12-7-3-1-2-5-8(13)4-6(10(14)15)11-9(5)7/h1-4,12H,(H,11,13)(H,14,15)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C4H4O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-21(29)30)15-5-6-16-22-17(11-20(28)24(15,16)3)23(2)13(9-18(22)26)8-14(25)10-19(23)27/h12-20,22,25-28H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,29,30)/t12-,13+,14+,15-,16+,17+,18-,19-,20+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1'}",D
What is the InChI of DL-Homocystine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C26H43NO5/c1-15(4-7-22(30)27-14-23(31)32)18-5-6-19-24-20(9-11-26(18,19)3)25(2)10-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-21,24,28-29H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-13(3-6-21(29)30)16-4-5-17-22-18(11-20(28)23(16,17)2)24(12-25)8-7-15(26)9-14(24)10-19(22)27/h13-20,22,25-28H,3-12H2,1-2H3,(H,29,30)/t13-,14+,15-,16-,17+,18+,19-,20+,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C8H16N2O4S2/c9-5(7(11)12)1-3-15-16-4-2-6(10)8(13)14/h5-6H,1-4,9-10H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C8H15NO3/c1-5(2)4-7(10)9-6(3)8(11)12/h5-6H,4H2,1-3H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t6-/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of N-Acetyl-L-alanine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C10H9NO4/c11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)8(12)5-9(13)10(14)15/h1-4H,5,11H2,(H,14,15)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H9NO3/c1-3(5(8)9)6-4(2)7/h3H,1-2H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t3-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C13H25NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-13(17)18-11(9-12(15)16)10-14(2,3)4/h11H,5-10H2,1-4H3/p+1/t11-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C10H15N4O14P3/c15-6-4(1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20)26-10(7(6)16)14-3-13-5-8(14)11-2-12-9(5)17/h2-4,6-7,10,15-16H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H,11,12,17)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of beta-N-Acetylglucosamine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-3(11)9-5-7(13)6(12)4(2-10)15-8(5)14/h4-8,10,12-14H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,11)/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-2-4(3-6)5(7)8/h4,6H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H17NO5/c1-9(2,5-11)7(14)8(15)10-4-3-6(12)13/h7,11,14H,3-5H2,1-2H3,(H,10,15)(H,12,13)/t7-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C22H45NO/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22(23)24/h2-21H2,1H3,(H2,23,24)'}",A
What is the InChI of Thyroxine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O/c1-3-4(2)5/h3H2,1-2H3', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C15H11I4NO4/c16-8-4-7(5-9(17)13(8)21)24-14-10(18)1-6(2-11(14)19)3-12(20)15(22)23/h1-2,4-5,12,21H,3,20H2,(H,22,23)/t12-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C10H14N2O5/c1-5-3-12(10(16)11-9(5)15)8-2-6(14)7(4-13)17-8/h3,6-8,13-14H,2,4H2,1H3,(H,11,15,16)/t6-,7+,8+/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C13H21NO10/c1-5(16)14-9-8(23-6(2)17)3-13(22,12(20)21)24-11(9)10(19)7(18)4-15/h7-11,15,18-19,22H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,14,16)(H,20,21)/t7?,8-,9+,10?,11+,13-/m0/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of Pseudouroporphyrin?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O5/c1-13(4-7-19(26)27)15-5-6-16-20-17(9-11-23(15,16)2)24(3)10-8-14(25)12-18(24)21(28)22(20)29/h13-18,20-22,25,28-29H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,26,27)/t13-,14-,15-,16+,17+,18+,20+,21+,22-,23-,24-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C10H12O2/c11-10(12)8-4-7-9-5-2-1-3-6-9/h1-3,5-6H,4,7-8H2,(H,11,12)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C39H38N4O14/c1-17-18(2-6-33(44)45)26-14-27-20(4-8-35(48)49)23(11-38(54)55)31(42-27)16-29-21(5-9-36(50)51)24(12-39(56)57)32(43-29)15-28-19(3-7-34(46)47)22(10-37(52)53)30(41-28)13-25(17)40-26/h13-16,40,43H,2-12H2,1H3,(H,44,45)(H,46,47)(H,48,49)(H,50,51)(H,52,53)(H,54,55)(H,56,57)/b25-13-,26-14-,27-14-,28-15-,29-16-,30-13-,31-16-,32-15-', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H8N2O2/c1-3-2-6-5(9)7-4(3)8/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H2,6,7,8,9)/t3-/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of 5-Methylthioribose 1-phosphate?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C10H9NO3/c12-7-1-2-9-8(4-7)6(5-11-9)3-10(13)14/h1-2,4-5,11-12H,3H2,(H,13,14)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H8N2O5/c6-5(12)7-2(4(10)11)1-3(8)9/h2H,1H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)(H3,6,7,12)/t2-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C6H13O7PS/c1-15-2-3-4(7)5(8)6(12-3)13-14(9,10)11/h3-8H,2H2,1H3,(H2,9,10,11)/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H14N2O3/c7-3-4(9)1-2-5(8)6(10)11/h4-5,9H,1-3,7-8H2,(H,10,11)/t4-,5+/m1/s1'}",C
"What is the InChI of 5,6-Dihydrouridine?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C19H32O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h12-17,20-21H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14+,15+,16+,17+,18+,19+/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C9H14N2O6/c12-3-4-6(14)7(15)8(17-4)11-2-1-5(13)10-9(11)16/h4,6-8,12,14-15H,1-3H2,(H,10,13,16)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C8H7NO4S/c10-14(11,12)13-8-5-9-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)8/h1-5,9H,(H,10,11,12)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C13H21NO10/c1-5(15)14-9-7(17)3-13(22,12(20)21)24-11(9)10(19)8(18)4-23-6(2)16/h7-11,17-19,22H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,14,15)(H,20,21)/t7-,8+,9+,10+,11+,13-/m0/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of D-Phenyllactic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C13H22N4O8S2/c14-6(12(22)23)1-2-9(18)17-8(11(21)16-3-10(19)20)5-27-26-4-7(15)13(24)25/h6-8H,1-5,14-15H2,(H,16,21)(H,17,18)(H,19,20)(H,22,23)(H,24,25)/t6-,7?,8-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O5/c1-13(4-7-21(28)29)16-5-6-17-22-18(12-20(27)24(16,17)3)23(2)9-8-15(25)10-14(23)11-19(22)26/h13-20,22,25-27H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,28,29)/t13-,14+,15+,16-,17+,18+,19-,20+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8,10H,6H2,(H,11,12)/t8-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C30H30N4O4/c1-15-9-20-12-25-17(3)21(5-7-29(35)36)27(33-25)14-28-22(6-8-30(37)38)18(4)26(34-28)13-24-16(2)10-19(32-24)11-23(15)31-20/h9-14,31,34H,5-8H2,1-4H3,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)/b19-11-,20-12-,23-11-,24-13-,25-12-,26-13-,27-14-,28-14-'}",C
What is the InChI of Urea?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C18H22O3/c1-18-7-6-13-12-5-3-11(19)8-10(12)2-4-14(13)15(18)9-16(20)17(18)21/h3,5,8,13-16,19-20H,2,4,6-7,9H2,1H3/t13-,14-,15+,16+,18+/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C15H24N2O17P2/c18-3-5-8(20)10(22)12(24)14(32-5)33-36(28,29)34-35(26,27)30-4-6-9(21)11(23)13(31-6)17-2-1-7(19)16-15(17)25/h1-2,5-6,8-14,18,20-24H,3-4H2,(H,26,27)(H,28,29)(H,16,19,25)/t5-,6-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12-,13-,14-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C48H93NO11S/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-26-28-30-32-34-36-38-44(52)49-41(42(51)37-35-33-31-29-27-25-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2)40-58-48-46(54)47(60-61(55,56)57)45(53)43(39-50)59-48/h35,37,41-43,45-48,50-51,53-54H,3-34,36,38-40H2,1-2H3,(H,49,52)(H,55,56,57)/b37-35+/t41-,42+,43+,45-,46?,47?,48+/m0/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of 3-Hydroxydodecanedioic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C36H38N4O8/c1-17-21(5-9-33(41)42)29-14-27-19(3)22(6-10-34(43)44)30(39-27)15-28-20(4)24(8-12-36(47)48)32(40-28)16-31-23(7-11-35(45)46)18(2)26(38-31)13-25(17)37-29/h13-16,37,40H,5-12H2,1-4H3,(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H,45,46)(H,47,48)/b25-13-,26-13-,27-14-,28-15-,29-14-,30-15-,31-16-,32-16-', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C9H10INO3/c10-6-3-5(1-2-8(6)12)4-7(11)9(13)14/h1-3,7,12H,4,11H2,(H,13,14)/t7-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C39H38N4O14/c1-17-18(2-6-33(44)45)26-14-27-20(4-8-35(48)49)23(11-38(54)55)31(42-27)16-29-21(5-9-36(50)51)24(12-39(56)57)32(43-29)15-28-19(3-7-34(46)47)22(10-37(52)53)30(41-28)13-25(17)40-26/h13-16,40,43H,2-12H2,1H3,(H,44,45)(H,46,47)(H,48,49)(H,50,51)(H,52,53)(H,54,55)(H,56,57)/b25-13-,26-14-,27-14-,28-15-,29-16-,30-13-,31-16-,32-15-', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C12H22O5/c13-10(9-12(16)17)7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8-11(14)15/h10,13H,1-9H2,(H,14,15)(H,16,17)'}",D
What is the InChI of Magnesium?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O5/c1-13(4-7-21(28)29)16-5-6-17-22-18(12-20(27)24(16,17)3)23(2)9-8-15(25)10-14(23)11-19(22)26/h13-20,22,25-27H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,28,29)/t13-,14-,15+,16-,17+,18+,19+,20+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H8O2/c1-4(2)3-5(6)7/h3H,1-2H3,(H,6,7)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/Mg/q+2', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H12N2O5/c12-4-6-5(13)3-8(16-6)11-2-1-7(14)10-9(11)15/h1-2,5-6,8,12-13H,3-4H2,(H,10,14,15)/t5-,6+,8+/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of 3-O-Sulfogalactosylceramide (d18:1/24:0)?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/I2/c1-2', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C48H93NO11S/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-26-28-30-32-34-36-38-44(52)49-41(42(51)37-35-33-31-29-27-25-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2)40-58-48-46(54)47(60-61(55,56)57)45(53)43(39-50)59-48/h35,37,41-43,45-48,50-51,53-54H,3-34,36,38-40H2,1-2H3,(H,49,52)(H,55,56,57)/b37-35+/t41-,42+,43+,45-,46?,47?,48+/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-7-21(27)28)17-5-6-18-22-19(9-11-24(17,18)3)23(2)10-8-16(25)12-15(23)13-20(22)26/h14-20,22,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15+,16-,17-,18+,19+,20-,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C23H39NO19/c1-7(29)24-13-8(30)2-23(22(38)39,42-19(13)15(35)10(32)4-26)43-20-16(36)12(6-28)40-21(17(20)37)41-18(11(33)5-27)14(34)9(31)3-25/h3,8-21,26-28,30-37H,2,4-6H2,1H3,(H,24,29)(H,38,39)/t8-,9-,10+,11+,12+,13+,14+,15+,16-,17+,18+,19+,20-,21-,23-/m0/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of 3-Furoic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C5H4O3/c6-5(7)4-1-2-8-3-4/h1-3H,(H,6,7)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C27H48O5/c1-15(10-18(29)14-25(2,3)32)19-6-7-20-24-21(13-23(31)27(19,20)5)26(4)9-8-17(28)11-16(26)12-22(24)30/h15-24,28-32H,6-14H2,1-5H3/t15-,16-,17+,18-,19?,20?,21-,22+,23-,24-,26-,27+/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C11H19NO9/c1-4(14)12-7-5(15)2-11(20,10(18)19)21-9(7)8(17)6(16)3-13/h5-9,13,15-17,20H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,12,14)(H,18,19)/t5-,6+,7+,8+,9+,11+/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-23(31)27-10-11-35(32,33)34)18-5-6-19-24-20(14-22(30)26(18,19)3)25(2)9-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-22,24,28-30H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19?,20?,21+,22+,24?,25+,26-/m1/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of 2-Hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C7H11N3O2/c1-10-4-9-3-5(10)2-6(8)7(11)12/h3-4,6H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,11,12)/t6-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C6H12O3/c1-3-4(2)5(7)6(8)9/h4-5,7H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t4-,5-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C37H38N4O10/c1-17-20(4-8-33(42)43)28-14-27-19(3)22(6-10-35(46)47)30(40-27)16-32-24(12-37(50)51)23(7-11-36(48)49)31(41-32)15-29-21(5-9-34(44)45)18(2)26(39-29)13-25(17)38-28/h13-16,39,41H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,42,43)(H,44,45)(H,46,47)(H,48,49)(H,50,51)/b25-13-,26-13-,27-14-,28-14-,29-15-,30-16-,31-15-,32-16-'}",C
What is the InChI of 12-Ketodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C9H9N/c1-7-6-10-9-5-3-2-4-8(7)9/h2-6,10H,1H3', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C24H38O4/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3/h14-20,25H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18-,19+,20+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c1-2-3(4(6)7)5(8)9/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C30H30N4O4/c1-15-9-20-12-25-17(3)21(5-7-29(35)36)27(33-25)14-28-22(6-8-30(37)38)18(4)26(34-28)13-24-16(2)10-19(32-24)11-23(15)31-20/h9-14,31,34H,5-8H2,1-4H3,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)/b19-11-,20-12-,23-11-,24-13-,25-12-,26-13-,27-14-,28-14-'}",B
What is the InChI of 6-Ketoestriol?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O4/c1-2(5)3(6)4(7)8/h2-3,5-6H,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C18H22O4/c1-18-5-4-11-10-3-2-9(19)6-13(10)15(20)7-12(11)14(18)8-16(21)17(18)22/h2-3,6,11-12,14,16-17,19,21-22H,4-5,7-8H2,1H3/t11-,12-,14+,16-,17+,18+/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-3(11)9-5-7(13)6(12)4(2-10)15-8(5)14/h4-8,10,12-14H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,11)/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8?/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Squalene?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C9H11N5O4/c10-9-13-7-5(8(18)14-9)12-3(1-11-7)6(17)4(16)2-15/h1,4,6,15-17H,2H2,(H3,10,11,13,14,18)/t4-,6-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C30H50/c1-25(2)15-11-19-29(7)23-13-21-27(5)17-9-10-18-28(6)22-14-24-30(8)20-12-16-26(3)4/h15-18,23-24H,9-14,19-22H2,1-8H3/b27-17+,28-18+,29-23+,30-24+', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-10-13-8-7(9(17)14-10)12-3-15(8)6-1-4(16)5(24-6)2-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h3-6,16H,1-2H2,(H,21,22)(H2,18,19,20)(H3,11,13,14,17)/t4-,5+,6+/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of 1-Methylnicotinamide?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C7H8N2O/c1-9-4-2-3-6(5-9)7(8)10/h2-5H,1H3,(H-,8,10)/p+1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O5/c1-13(4-7-19(26)27)15-5-6-16-20-17(9-11-23(15,16)2)24(3)10-8-14(25)12-18(24)21(28)22(20)29/h13-18,20-22,25,28-29H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,26,27)/t13-,14-,15?,16+,17+,18+,20+,21-,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)'}",A
What is the InChI of Pseudouridine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C14H28O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14(15)16/h2-13H2,1H3,(H,15,16)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C6H10N2O4/c7-3-8-4(6(11)12)1-2-5(9)10/h3-4H,1-2H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t4-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H12N2O6/c12-2-4-5(13)6(14)7(17-4)3-1-10-9(16)11-8(3)15/h1,4-7,12-14H,2H2,(H2,10,11,15,16)/t4-,5-,6-,7+/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C10H15N4O14P3/c15-6-4(1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20)26-10(7(6)16)14-3-13-5-8(14)11-2-12-9(5)17/h2-4,6-7,10,15-16H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H,11,12,17)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Tetrahydrocortisone?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O3/c1-15(4-9-22(26)27)19-7-8-20-18-6-5-16-14-17(25)10-12-23(16,2)21(18)11-13-24(19,20)3/h15-21,25H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,26,27)/t15-,16?,17+,18?,19?,20?,21?,23-,24+/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C21H32O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h12-15,18,22-23,26H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14-,15-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-4H2', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H12N2O5/c12-4-6-5(13)3-8(16-6)11-2-1-7(14)10-9(11)15/h1-2,5-6,8,12-13H,3-4H2,(H,10,14,15)/t5-,6+,8+/m0/s1'}",B
"What is the InChI of 3a,6b,7b,12b-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C27H46O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h18-20,22-25H,6-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,20+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C39H38N4O14/c1-17-18(2-6-33(44)45)26-14-27-20(4-8-35(48)49)23(11-38(54)55)31(42-27)16-29-21(5-9-36(50)51)24(12-39(56)57)32(43-29)15-28-19(3-7-34(46)47)22(10-37(52)53)30(41-28)13-25(17)40-26/h13-16,41-42H,2-12H2,1H3,(H,44,45)(H,46,47)(H,48,49)(H,50,51)(H,52,53)(H,54,55)(H,56,57)/b25-13-,26-14-,27-14-,28-15-,29-16-,30-13-,31-16-,32-15-', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C29H48O/c1-7-21(19(2)3)9-8-20(4)25-12-13-26-24-11-10-22-18-23(30)14-16-28(22,5)27(24)15-17-29(25,26)6/h8-10,19-21,23-27,30H,7,11-18H2,1-6H3/b9-8+/t20-,21-,23+,24+,25-,26+,27+,28+,29-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-19(27)28)14-5-6-15-20-16(11-18(26)24(14,15)3)23(2)9-8-13(25)10-17(23)21(29)22(20)30/h12-18,20-22,25-26,29-30H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t12-,13-,14-,15+,16+,17+,18-,20+,21+,22-,23-,24-/m1/s1'}",D
"What is the InChI of 3,7-Dihydroxy-12-oxocholanoic acid?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H10O8/c7-1(3(9)5(11)12)2(8)4(10)6(13)14/h1-4,7-10H,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t1-,2-,3-,4+/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c1-2-3(4(6)7)5(8)9/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C8H10O4/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8-12H,4H2', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C24H38O5/c1-13(4-7-21(28)29)16-5-6-17-22-18(12-20(27)24(16,17)3)23(2)9-8-15(25)10-14(23)11-19(22)26/h13-19,22,25-26H,4-12H2,1-3H3,(H,28,29)/t13-,14+,15-,16-,17+,18+,19-,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1'}",D
What is the InChI of Alpha-Tetrasaccharide?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C19H30O3/c1-18-7-5-12(20)9-11(18)3-4-13-14(18)6-8-19(2)15(13)10-16(21)17(19)22/h3,12-17,20-22H,4-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,14-,15-,16+,17+,18-,19-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H10O4/c10-7-3-1-6(5-8(7)11)2-4-9(12)13/h1,3,5,10-11H,2,4H2,(H,12,13)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C26H45NO20/c1-7-14(35)19(40)20(41)25(42-7)47-23-22(46-24-13(27-8(2)32)18(39)16(37)11(5-30)43-24)17(38)12(6-31)44-26(23)45-21(10(34)4-29)15(36)9(33)3-28/h3,7,9-26,29-31,33-41H,4-6H2,1-2H3,(H,27,32)/t7-,9-,10+,11+,12+,13+,14+,15+,16-,17-,18+,19+,20-,21+,22-,23+,24+,25-,26-/m0/s1'}",D
What is the InChI of 17-Hydroxypregnenolone sulfate?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C19H32O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h12-17,20-21H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14-,15-,16-,17+,18-,19-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C21H32O6S/c1-13(22)21(23)11-8-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(27-28(24,25)26)6-9-19(14,2)17(16)7-10-20(18,21)3/h4,15-18,23H,5-12H2,1-3H3,(H,24,25,26)/t15?,16-,17+,18+,19+,20+,21+/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C7H10O4/c1-5(8)4-6(9)2-3-7(10)11/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,10,11)'}",B
What is the InChI of Galactosylhydroxylysine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C12H24N2O8/c13-4-2-1-3-6(12(19)20)14(21)11-10(18)9(17)8(16)7(5-15)22-11/h6-11,15-18,21H,1-5,13H2,(H,19,20)/t6-,7+,8-,9-,10+,11?/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H7NO3/c7-4-2-1-3(6-4)5(8)9/h3H,1-2H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t3-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C15H15NO4/c16-14(15(18)19)9-10-1-5-12(6-2-10)20-13-7-3-11(17)4-8-13/h1-8,14,17H,9,16H2,(H,18,19)/t14-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C20H30O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,21H,7,10,14-15H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+'}",A
"What is the InChI of 1,3-Diaminopropane?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C3H10N2/c4-2-1-3-5/h1-5H2', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c1-3(5)2-4(6)7/h3,5H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)/t3-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C16H28O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h6-7,9-10H,2-5,8,11-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)/b7-6-,10-9-', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3-4(9)5(10)6(11,2-8)12-3/h3-5,7-11H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-/m1/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C9H14N4O3/c10-2-1-8(14)13-7(9(15)16)3-6-4-11-5-12-6/h4-5,7H,1-3,10H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)/t7-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C27H48O4/c1-16(7-6-11-25(2,3)31)19-8-9-20-24-21(15-23(30)27(19,20)5)26(4)12-10-18(28)13-17(26)14-22(24)29/h16-24,28-31H,6-15H2,1-5H3/t16-,17+,18-,19-,20+,21+,22-,23+,24+,26+,27-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c9-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)5-8(10)11/h1-4,9H,5H2,(H,10,11)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C3H6O4/c4-1-2(5)3(6)7/h2,4-5H,1H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C15H13I2NO4/c16-11-5-8(7-13(18)15(20)21)6-12(17)14(11)22-10-3-1-9(19)2-4-10/h1-6,13,19H,7,18H2,(H,20,21)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C13H19N4O12P/c14-10-7(11(22)16-4(13(23)24)1-6(18)19)15-3-17(10)12-9(21)8(20)5(29-12)2-28-30(25,26)27/h3-5,8-9,12,20-21H,1-2,14H2,(H,16,22)(H,18,19)(H,23,24)(H2,25,26,27)/t4-,5+,8+,9+,12+/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H9NO3/c11-8(12)6-10-9(13)7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2,(H,10,13)(H,11,12)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c10-8-3-1-2-7(6-8)4-5-9(11)12/h1-3,6,10H,4-5H2,(H,11,12)'}",D
"What is the InChI of 2b,3a,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C3H5O6P/c1-2(3(4)5)9-10(6,7)8/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H2,6,7,8)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C13H16N2O5/c14-9(7-11(16)17)12(18)15-10(13(19)20)6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9-10H,6-7,14H2,(H,15,18)(H,16,17)(H,19,20)/t9-,10-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-21(29)30)14-5-6-15-22-16(10-20(28)24(14,15)3)23(2)11-19(27)17(25)8-13(23)9-18(22)26/h12-20,22,25-28H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,29,30)/t12-,13-,14?,15?,16?,17-,18+,19-,20-,22?,23-,24+/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-7-21(27)28)17-5-6-18-22-19(9-11-24(17,18)3)23(2)10-8-16(25)12-15(23)13-20(22)26/h14-20,22,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15-,16-,17?,18+,19+,20-,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of 4-Hydroxybutyric acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c1-4(2,7)3(5)6/h7H,1-2H3,(H,5,6)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h5H,1-3H2,(H,6,7)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of N-Glycoloylganglioside GM1?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-4(6)3-5(7)8-2/h3H2,1-2H3', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15+,16-,17+,18?,19+,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C77H139N3O30/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22-23-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-56(90)80-49(50(87)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-24-21-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2)45-101-73-65(97)63(95)68(55(44-84)105-73)107-75-66(98)71(110-77(76(99)100)40-51(88)57(78-47(4)85)70(109-77)59(91)52(89)41-81)67(46(3)102-75)106-72-58(79-48(5)86)69(61(93)54(43-83)103-72)108-74-64(96)62(94)60(92)53(42-82)104-74/h36,38,46,49-55,57-75,81-84,87-89,91-98H,6-35,37,39-45H2,1-5H3,(H,78,85)(H,79,86)(H,80,90)(H,99,100)/b38-36+/t46-,49-,50+,51+,52-,53-,54-,55-,57-,58-,59-,60+,61+,62+,63-,64-,65-,66-,67+,68-,69-,70?,71-,72+,73-,74+,75+,77+/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H9NO5/c1-3(8)7-4(6(11)12)2-5(9)10/h4H,2H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t4-/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of 3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H10O5/c1-6(11,2-4(7)8)3-5(9)10/h11H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C5H5N5O/c6-3-2-4(8-1-7-3)10-5(11)9-2/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C7H6O4/c8-5-3-1-2-4(6(5)9)7(10)11/h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C12H24O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-11(13)10-12(14)15/h11,13H,2-10H2,1H3,(H,14,15)/t11-/m0/s1'}",D
What is the InChI of 3-Methoxytyramine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C21H30O5/c1-20-7-6-13(24)8-12(20)2-3-14-15-4-5-16(18(26)10-22)21(15,11-23)9-17(25)19(14)20/h8,14-17,19,22-23,25H,2-7,9-11H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17-,19+,20-,21+/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C8H20NO6P/c1-9(2,3)4-5-14-16(12,13)15-7-8(11)6-10/h8,10-11H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t8-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H13NO2/c1-12-9-6-7(4-5-10)2-3-8(9)11/h2-3,6,11H,4-5,10H2,1H3'}",D
What is the InChI of Glutathione?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C10H17N3O6S/c11-5(10(18)19)1-2-7(14)13-6(4-20)9(17)12-3-8(15)16/h5-6,20H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,17)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)(H,18,19)/t5-,6-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C7H16N4O2/c8-5(6(12)13)3-1-2-4-11-7(9)10/h5H,1-4,8H2,(H,12,13)(H4,9,10,11)/t5-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C3H7N3O2/c4-3(5)6-1-2(7)8/h1H2,(H,7,8)(H4,4,5,6)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H9NO3/c11-8(12)6-10-9(13)7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2,(H,10,13)(H,11,12)'}",A
"What is the InChI of 5a-Cholestane-3a,7a,12a,23,25-pentol?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C27H48O5/c1-15(10-18(29)14-25(2,3)32)19-6-7-20-24-21(13-23(31)27(19,20)5)26(4)9-8-17(28)11-16(26)12-22(24)30/h15-24,28-32H,6-14H2,1-5H3/t15-,16+,17+,18?,19+,20-,21-,22+,23-,24-,26-,27+/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(22-10)1-21-23(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C10H16O4/c11-9(12)7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8-10(13)14/h1,3H,2,4-8H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/b3-1-', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-1-2-3(7)4(8)5(9)10-2/h2-9H,1H2/t2-,3-,4-,5?/m1/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of S-Adenosylhomocysteine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C12H24O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-11(13)10-12(14)15/h11,13H,2-10H2,1H3,(H,14,15)/t11-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C20H14N4/c1-2-14-10-16-5-6-18(23-16)12-20-8-7-19(24-20)11-17-4-3-15(22-17)9-13(1)21-14/h1-12,21-22H/b13-9-,14-10-,15-9-,16-10-,17-11-,18-12-,19-11-,20-12-', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C14H20N6O5S/c15-6(14(23)24)1-2-26-3-7-9(21)10(22)13(25-7)20-5-19-8-11(16)17-4-18-12(8)20/h4-7,9-10,13,21-22H,1-3,15H2,(H,23,24)(H2,16,17,18)/t6-,7+,9+,10+,13+/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H10O4/c1-4(6(9)10)2-3-5(7)8/h4H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)'}",C
What is the InChI of Cobalt?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C4H4N2O2/c7-3-1-2-5-4(8)6-3/h1-2H,(H2,5,6,7,8)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-10-13-8-7(9(18)14-10)12-3-15(8)6-1-4(17)5(2-16)19-6/h3-6,16-17H,1-2H2,(H3,11,13,14,18)/t4-,5+,6+/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/Co/q+2', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C28H44O/c1-18(2)8-7-9-19(3)22-12-13-24-21-10-11-23-20(4)26(29)15-17-28(23,6)25(21)14-16-27(22,24)5/h8,19-20,22-24H,7,9-17H2,1-6H3/t19-,20+,22-,23+,24+,27-,28+/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of 2-Octenoic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C8H14O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8(9)10/h6-7H,2-5H2,1H3,(H,9,10)/b7-6-', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c1-2(3(5)6)4(7)8/h2H,1H3,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H11N5O3/c1-3(15)6(16)4-2-11-7-5(12-4)8(17)14-9(10)13-7/h2-3,6,15-16H,1H3,(H3,10,11,13,14,17)/t3-,6-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H9NO3/c7-3-1-4(5(8)9)6-2-3/h3-4,6-7H,1-2H2,(H,8,9)/t3-,4+/m1/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of 2'-Deoxysepiapterin?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C26H45NO6S/c1-16(4-7-23(30)27-12-13-34(31,32)33)19-5-6-20-24-21(9-11-26(19,20)3)25(2)10-8-18(28)14-17(25)15-22(24)29/h16-22,24,28-29H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32,33)/t16-,17?,18-,19-,20+,21+,22+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/Cu/q+2', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C10H13N5O3/c11-9-8-10(13-3-12-9)15(4-14-8)7-1-5(17)6(2-16)18-7/h3-7,16-17H,1-2H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t5-,6+,7+/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C9H11N5O2/c1-2-5(15)4-3-11-7-6(12-4)8(16)14-9(10)13-7/h2-3H2,1H3,(H4,10,11,13,14,16)'}",D
What is the InChI of Taurochenodesoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C26H45NO6S/c1-16(4-7-23(30)27-12-13-34(31,32)33)19-5-6-20-24-21(9-11-26(19,20)3)25(2)10-8-18(28)14-17(25)15-22(24)29/h16-22,24,28-29H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32,33)/t16-,17+,18-,19-,20+,21+,22-,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C19H28O3/c1-18-7-5-12(20)9-11(18)3-4-13-14(18)6-8-19(2)15(13)10-16(21)17(19)22/h3,12-16,20-21H,4-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14+,15+,16-,18+,19+/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C5H5N5/c6-4-3-5(9-1-7-3)10-2-8-4/h1-2H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C10H7NO4/c12-7-3-1-2-5-8(13)4-6(10(14)15)11-9(5)7/h1-4,12H,(H,11,13)(H,14,15)'}",A
What is the InChI of Chenodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C7H11N3O2/c1-10-3-5(9-4-10)2-6(8)7(11)12/h3-4,6H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,11,12)/t6-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C14H28O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14(15)16/h2-13H2,1H3,(H,15,16)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-7-21(27)28)17-5-6-18-22-19(9-11-24(17,18)3)23(2)10-8-16(25)12-15(23)13-20(22)26/h14-20,22,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15+,16-,17-,18+,19+,20-,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H14N2O3/c7-3-4(9)1-2-5(8)6(10)11/h4-5,9H,1-3,7-8H2,(H,10,11)/t4-,5+/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Thiamine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-2-1-10-5(9)4(8)3(2)7/h2-9H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C20H28O3/c1-20-9-8-13-14(16(20)6-7-19(20)21)5-4-12-10-17(22-2)18(23-3)11-15(12)13/h10-11,13-14,16,19,21H,4-9H2,1-3H3/t13-,14+,16-,19-,20-/m0/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Glycerol 3-phosphate?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C12H24O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-11(13)10-12(14)15/h11,13H,2-10H2,1H3,(H,14,15)/t11-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C3H9O6P/c4-1-3(5)2-9-10(6,7)8/h3-5H,1-2H2,(H2,6,7,8)/t3-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C38H74NO10P/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-36(40)46-31-34(32-47-50(44,45)48-33-35(39)38(42)43)49-37(41)30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h34-35H,3-33,39H2,1-2H3,(H,42,43)(H,44,45)/t34-,35+/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C26H43NO5/c1-15(4-7-22(30)27-14-23(31)32)18-5-6-19-24-20(9-11-26(18,19)3)25(2)10-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-21,24,28-29H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+,21+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1'}",B
What is the InChI of N-Acetyl-b-D-galactosamine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C17H20N4O6/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(5-11(23)14(25)12(24)6-22)15-13(18-9)16(26)20-17(27)19-15/h3-4,11-12,14,22-25H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,26,27)/t11-,12+,14-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C7H12N2O3/c8-4-6(10)9-3-1-2-5(9)7(11)12/h5H,1-4,8H2,(H,11,12)/t5-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-3(11)9-5-7(13)6(12)4(2-10)15-8(5)14/h4-8,10,12-14H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,11)/t4-,5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of L-Histidine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H12O2/c1-5(2)3-4-6(7)8/h5H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C8H14O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8(9)10/h6-7H,2-5H2,1H3,(H,9,10)/b7-6-', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C23H43NO6/c1-24(2,3)19-20(18-22(27)28)30-23(29)17-15-13-11-9-7-5-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-21(25)26/h20H,4-19H2,1-3H3,(H-,25,26,27,28)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H9N3O2/c7-5(6(10)11)1-4-2-8-3-9-4/h2-3,5H,1,7H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t5-/m0/s1'}",D
What is the InChI of 5-Hydroxylysine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C8H16O3/c1-7(9)5-3-2-4-6-8(10)11/h7,9H,2-6H2,1H3,(H,10,11)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C6H14N2O3/c7-3-4(9)1-2-5(8)6(10)11/h4-5,9H,1-3,7-8H2,(H,10,11)/t4-,5+/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H13NO2/c1-12-9-6-7(4-5-10)2-3-8(9)11/h2-3,6,11H,4-5,10H2,1H3', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C7H14O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7(8)9/h2-6H2,1H3,(H,8,9)'}",B
What is the InChI of N-Acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C40H38N4O16/c45-33(46)5-1-17-21(9-37(53)54)29-14-27-19(3-7-35(49)50)23(11-39(57)58)31(43-27)16-32-24(12-40(59)60)20(4-8-36(51)52)28(44-32)15-30-22(10-38(55)56)18(2-6-34(47)48)26(42-30)13-25(17)41-29/h13-16,41,44H,1-12H2,(H,45,46)(H,47,48)(H,49,50)(H,51,52)(H,53,54)(H,55,56)(H,57,58)(H,59,60)/b25-13-,26-13-,27-14-,28-15-,29-14-,30-15-,31-16-,32-16-', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C6H11NO2/c8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5/h5,7H,1-4H2,(H,8,9)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C13H21NO10/c1-5(16)14-9-7(18)3-13(22,12(20)21)24-11(9)10(8(19)4-15)23-6(2)17/h7-11,15,18-19,22H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,14,16)(H,20,21)/t7-,8+,9+,10+,11+,13-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C19H26O3/c1-19-8-7-12-13(15(19)5-6-18(19)21)4-3-11-9-16(20)17(22-2)10-14(11)12/h9-10,12-13,15,18,20-21H,3-8H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,15-,18-,19-/m0/s1'}",C
"What is the InChI of 3a,6b,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-3-4(2)5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t4-,5-/m0/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C7H13NO3/c1-2-3-4-6(9)8-5-7(10)11/h2-5H2,1H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-19(27)28)14-5-6-15-20-16(11-18(26)24(14,15)3)23(2)9-8-13(25)10-17(23)21(29)22(20)30/h12-18,20-22,25-26,29-30H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t12-,13-,14-,15+,16+,17+,18+,20+,21+,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C6H13O9P/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(14-2)15-16(11,12)13/h2-10H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5+,6+/m1/s1'}",C
"What is the InChI of 3b,12a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'InChI=1S/C2H7NO2S/c3-1-2-6(4)5/h1-3H2,(H,4,5)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C38H74NO10P/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-36(40)46-31-34(32-47-50(44,45)48-33-35(39)38(42)43)49-37(41)30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h34-35H,3-33,39H2,1-2H3,(H,42,43)(H,44,45)/t34-,35+/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15-,16+,17+,18-,19+,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-19(27)28)14-5-6-15-20-16(11-18(26)24(14,15)3)23(2)9-8-13(25)10-17(23)21(29)22(20)30/h12-18,20-22,25-26,29-30H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t12-,13-,14-,15+,16+,17+,18+,20+,21+,22-,23-,24-/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Androstanediol?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-7-21(27)28)17-5-6-18-22-19(9-11-24(17,18)3)23(2)10-8-16(25)12-15(23)13-20(22)26/h14-20,22,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15+,16+,17-,18+,19+,20+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C19H32O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h12-17,20-21H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,14-,15-,16-,17?,18-,19-/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C7H7NO4/c9-6(10)4-8-7(11)5-2-1-3-12-5/h1-3H,4H2,(H,8,11)(H,9,10)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H6O4/c1-3(5(8)9)2-4(6)7/h2H,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/b3-2+'}",B
What is the InChI of Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylgalactosamine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C24H40O6/c1-12(4-7-19(27)28)14-5-6-15-20-16(11-18(26)24(14,15)3)23(2)9-8-13(25)10-17(23)21(29)22(20)30/h12-18,20-22,25-26,29-30H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t12-,13-,14-,15+,16+,17+,18-,20+,21+,22-,23-,24-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C26H45NO6S/c1-16(4-9-24(30)27-12-13-34(31,32)33)20-7-8-21-19-6-5-17-14-18(28)10-11-25(17,2)22(19)15-23(29)26(20,21)3/h16-23,28-29H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32,33)/t16-,17-,18-,19+,20-,21+,22+,23+,25+,26-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C17H27N3O17P2/c1-6(22)18-10-13(26)11(24)7(4-21)35-16(10)36-39(31,32)37-38(29,30)33-5-8-12(25)14(27)15(34-8)20-3-2-9(23)19-17(20)28/h2-3,7-8,10-16,21,24-27H,4-5H2,1H3,(H,18,22)(H,29,30)(H,31,32)(H,19,23,28)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C20H40O2/c1-16(2)9-6-10-17(3)11-7-12-18(4)13-8-14-19(5)15-20(21)22/h16-19H,6-15H2,1-5H3,(H,21,22)'}",C
What is the InChI of Stearoylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C25H49NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-25(29)30-23(21-24(27)28)22-26(2,3)4/h23H,5-22H2,1-4H3/p+1/t23-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C11H14N2O5/c12-10(17)6-2-1-3-13(4-6)11-9(16)8(15)7(5-14)18-11/h1-4,7-9,11,14-16H,5H2,(H-,12,17)/p+1/t7-,8-,9-,11-/m1/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C7H8O2/c1-5-2-3-6(8)7(9)4-5/h2-4,8-9H,1H3'}",A
What is the InChI of Cytidine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C9H13N3O5/c10-5-1-2-12(9(16)11-5)8-7(15)6(14)4(3-13)17-8/h1-2,4,6-8,13-15H,3H2,(H2,10,11,16)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C8H15NO9S/c1-3(11)9-5-6(12)7(18-19(14,15)16)4(2-10)17-8(5)13/h4-8,10,12-13H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,11)(H,14,15,16)/t4-,5-,6-,7+,8-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H13NO2/c1-12-9-6-7(4-5-10)2-3-8(9)11/h2-3,6,11H,4-5,10H2,1H3', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C8H15NO12S2/c1-3(10)9-5-6(11)7(21-23(16,17)18)4(20-8(5)12)2-19-22(13,14)15/h4-8,11-12H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,13,14,15)(H,16,17,18)/t4-,5-,6-,7+,8?/m1/s1'}",A
What is the InChI of Pristanic acid?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C5H10O6/c6-1-2(7)3(8)4(9)5(10)11/h2-4,6-9H,1H2,(H,10,11)/t2-,3-,4+/m1/s1', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C28H50O/c1-18(2)19(3)7-8-20(4)24-11-12-25-23-10-9-21-17-22(29)13-15-27(21,5)26(23)14-16-28(24,25)6/h18-26,29H,7-17H2,1-6H3/t19-,20-,21?,22?,23+,24-,25+,26+,27+,28-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C19H38O2/c1-15(2)9-6-10-16(3)11-7-12-17(4)13-8-14-18(5)19(20)21/h15-18H,6-14H2,1-5H3,(H,20,21)', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C10H19NO4/c1-5-10(14)15-8(6-9(12)13)7-11(2,3)4/h8H,5-7H2,1-4H3/p+1/t8-/m1/s1'}",C
What is the InChI of Trigonelline?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C7H7NO2/c1-8-4-2-3-6(5-8)7(9)10/h2-5H,1H3', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-23(31)27-10-11-35(32,33)34)18-5-6-19-24-20(14-22(30)26(18,19)3)25(2)9-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-22,24,28-30H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16-,17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,22+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C9H11N5O3/c1-3(15)6(16)4-2-11-7-5(12-4)8(17)14-9(10)13-7/h2-3,6,15-16H,1H3,(H3,10,11,13,14,17)/t3-,6+/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C7H10O4/c1-5(8)4-6(9)2-3-7(10)11/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,10,11)'}",A
What is the InChI of Hydrogen carbonate?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C15H24N2O17P2/c18-3-5-8(20)10(22)12(24)14(32-5)33-36(28,29)34-35(26,27)30-4-6-9(21)11(23)13(31-6)17-2-1-7(19)16-15(17)25/h1-2,5-6,8-14,18,20-24H,3-4H2,(H,26,27)(H,28,29)(H,16,19,25)/t5-,6-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12-,13-,14-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C19H32O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h12-17,20-21H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,14-,15-,16-,17?,18-,19-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C4H4N2O2/c7-3-1-2-5-4(8)6-3/h1-2H,(H2,5,6,7,8)'}",A
What is the InChI of Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine?,"{'A': 'InChI=1S/C8H14O4/c9-7(10)5-3-1-2-4-6-8(11)12/h1-6H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)', 'B': 'InChI=1S/C8H16N3O8P/c9-5(10)1-11(3-12)8-7(14)6(13)4(19-8)2-18-20(15,16)17/h3-4,6-8,13-14H,1-2H2,(H3,9,10)(H2,15,16,17)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1', 'C': 'InChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18-,19-/m0/s1', 'D': 'InChI=1S/C5H6O4/c1-3(5(8)9)2-4(6)7/h2H,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/b3-2-'}",B
What is the disposition of Phenylpyruvic acid?,"{'A': 'Anaerostipes', 'B': 'Cucurbitaceae', 'C': 'Biological location', 'D': 'Debaryomyces'}",C
What is the disposition of NAD?,"{'A': 'Muscle', 'B': 'Zymomonas', 'C': 'Biofluid and excreta', 'D': 'Agrobacterium'}",C
"What is the disposition of 3b,7a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Endogenous', 'B': 'Feces', 'C': 'Hansenula', 'D': 'Candida'}",A
What is the disposition of (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid?,"{'A': 'Biological', 'B': 'Glycine max', 'C': 'Saliva', 'D': 'White blood cell'}",C
What is the disposition of Vitamin A?,"{'A': 'Microbe', 'B': 'Placenta', 'C': 'Carnobacterium', 'D': 'Desulfitobacterium'}",B
What is the disposition of Acetaldehyde?,"{'A': 'Biological location', 'B': 'Human gut microbiota', 'C': 'Bacteroidetes', 'D': 'Desulfuromonas'}",A
What is the disposition of Glycerophosphocholine?,"{'A': 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'B': 'Ketogulonicigenium', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Dermal'}",C
What is the disposition of trans-Aconitic acid?,"{'A': 'All tissues', 'B': 'Tetragenococcus', 'C': 'Ingestion', 'D': 'Rhodotorula'}",C
What is the disposition of Ethanol?,"{'A': 'Stigmatella', 'B': 'Acetobacter', 'C': 'Source', 'D': 'Edwardsiella'}",C
What is the disposition of Cholestenone?,"{'A': 'Uterus', 'B': 'Enteral', 'C': 'Fabaceae', 'D': 'Phascolarctobacterium'}",B
What is the disposition of Muricholic acid?,"{'A': 'Theobroma cacao', 'B': 'Propionibacterium', 'C': 'Thermobifida', 'D': 'Organ and components'}",D
What is the disposition of 5Z-Tetradecenoic acid?,"{'A': 'Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Rhizopus', 'C': 'Corynebacterium', 'D': 'Synechococcus'}",A
What is the disposition of Propyl alcohol?,"{'A': 'Dialister', 'B': 'Subcellular', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Fungi'}",D
"What is the disposition of 3a,17a-Dihydroxy-5b-androstane?","{'A': 'Desulfuromonas', 'B': 'Gammaproteobacteria', 'C': 'Subcellular', 'D': 'Cartilage'}",C
What is the disposition of Sorbitol?,"{'A': 'Subcellular', 'B': 'Fungi', 'C': 'Staphylococcus', 'D': 'Microsomes'}",A
What is the disposition of Ursocholic acid?,"{'A': 'Spleen', 'B': 'Source', 'C': 'Clostridium', 'D': 'Bacillus'}",B
What is the disposition of N-Acetylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'Anaerostipes', 'B': 'Photobacterium', 'C': 'Staphylococcus', 'D': 'Route of exposure'}",D
What is the disposition of trans-Cinnamic acid?,"{'A': 'Heart', 'B': 'Small intestine', 'C': 'Mobiluncus', 'D': 'Poaceae'}",D
What is the disposition of 12a-Hydroxy-3-oxocholadienic acid?,"{'A': 'Agrobacterium', 'B': 'Salmonella', 'C': 'Edwardsiella', 'D': 'Biofluid and excreta'}",D
What is the disposition of Hippuric acid?,"{'A': 'Microbe', 'B': 'Stigmatella', 'C': 'Nocardia', 'D': 'Poaceae'}",A
What is the disposition of Ascorbic acid?,"{'A': 'Human gut microbiota', 'B': 'Spleen', 'C': 'Zygosaccharomyces', 'D': 'Fungi'}",B
What is the disposition of Ethanol?,"{'A': 'Propionibacterium', 'B': 'Endocrine gland', 'C': 'Gluconacetobacter', 'D': 'Inhalation'}",B
What is the disposition of Propionylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'Organ and components', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Pantoea', 'D': 'Bifidobacterium'}",B
What is the disposition of 16a-Hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone?,"{'A': 'Epidermis', 'B': 'Parenteral', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Spleen'}",C
What is the disposition of Nonadecanoic acid?,"{'A': 'Thyroid gland', 'B': 'Cellulomonas', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Mouth'}",C
What is the disposition of 7-Ketocholesterol?,"{'A': 'Spinal cord', 'B': 'Endogenous', 'C': 'Intracellular membrane', 'D': 'Microbe'}",B
"What is the disposition of 3,7-Dihydroxy-12-oxocholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Tongue', 'B': 'Membrane', 'C': 'Alteromonas', 'D': 'Intestine'}",D
What is the disposition of Deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate?,"{'A': 'Sporomusa', 'B': 'System', 'C': 'Clostridium', 'D': 'Tissue and substructures'}",D
What is the disposition of Linoleic acid?,"{'A': 'Spleen', 'B': 'Intramuscular', 'C': 'Rhizobium', 'D': 'Red blood cell'}",A
What is the disposition of Cholest-5-ene?,"{'A': 'Parenteral', 'B': 'Plant', 'C': 'Lung', 'D': 'Biological'}",D
What is the disposition of cis-4-Decenedioic acid?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Coffea', 'C': 'Synthetic', 'D': 'Brain'}",A
What is the disposition of 16-Oxoestrone?,"{'A': 'Ketogulonicigenium', 'B': 'Glycine max', 'C': 'Placenta', 'D': 'Large intestine'}",C
What is the disposition of 3-Oxocholic acid?,"{'A': 'Lactococcus', 'B': 'Bone marrow', 'C': 'Sarcina', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
What is the disposition of Mevalonic acid?,"{'A': 'Actinobacteria', 'B': 'Cell', 'C': 'Acidithiobacillus', 'D': 'Personal care product'}",B
What is the disposition of 5-Hydroxymethyluracil?,"{'A': 'Testicle', 'B': 'Subcellular', 'C': 'Adrenal gland', 'D': 'Gluconobacter'}",B
What is the disposition of Uridine 5'-monophosphate?,"{'A': 'Tobacco smoke', 'B': 'Ingestion', 'C': 'Large intestine', 'D': 'Anaerococcus'}",B
What is the disposition of Uridine?,"{'A': 'Bradyrhizobium', 'B': 'Yeast', 'C': 'Mitochondria', 'D': 'Adiposome'}",C
What is the disposition of Urocanic acid?,"{'A': 'All tissues', 'B': 'Nocardia', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Staphylococcus'}",C
What is the disposition of Nicotinamide ribotide?,"{'A': 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'B': 'Nucleus', 'C': 'Rhizopus', 'D': 'Akkermansia'}",B
What is the disposition of Aspartylglycosamine?,"{'A': 'Selenomonas', 'B': 'Brain', 'C': 'Subcellular', 'D': 'Saccharomyces'}",C
What is the disposition of L-Phenylalanine?,"{'A': 'Leptospirillum', 'B': 'Campylobacter', 'C': 'Coffea', 'D': 'Kluyveromyces'}",C
"What is the disposition of 3alpha,16beta-Dihydroxyandrostenone?","{'A': 'Cell membrane', 'B': 'Penicillium', 'C': 'Feces', 'D': 'Mast cell'}",A
What is the disposition of Folic acid?,"{'A': 'Olsenella', 'B': 'Heart', 'C': 'Coprococcus', 'D': 'Microbe'}",D
What is the disposition of Orotic acid?,"{'A': 'Proteus', 'B': 'Klebsiella', 'C': 'Source', 'D': 'Nucleus'}",C
What is the disposition of Acetaldehyde?,"{'A': 'Pseudomonas', 'B': 'Cell', 'C': 'Akkermansia', 'D': 'Arthrobacter'}",B
What is the disposition of Palmitic acid?,"{'A': 'Vaginal', 'B': 'Photobacterium', 'C': 'White blood cell', 'D': 'Fibroblast'}",D
What is the disposition of gamma-Butyrolactone?,"{'A': 'Tissue and substructures', 'B': 'Tongue', 'C': 'Akkermansia', 'D': 'Cartilage'}",A
What is the disposition of 16-Oxoandrostenediol?,"{'A': 'Edwardsiella', 'B': 'Soil', 'C': 'Hansenula', 'D': 'Route of exposure'}",D
"What is the disposition of 2b,3a,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Thermobifida', 'B': 'Cell', 'C': 'Subcellular', 'D': 'Salmonella'}",C
What is the disposition of Cholest-5-ene?,"{'A': 'Theobroma cacao', 'B': 'Kidney', 'C': 'Cell and elements', 'D': 'Muscle'}",C
What is the disposition of Taurine?,"{'A': 'Biological', 'B': 'Enterococcus', 'C': 'Yeast', 'D': 'Anaerobiospirillum'}",A
What is the disposition of N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine?,"{'A': 'Ingestion', 'B': 'Thermobifida', 'C': 'Flavobacterium', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",A
What is the disposition of 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'Firmicutes', 'B': 'Brain', 'C': 'Sarcina', 'D': 'Biofluid and excreta'}",D
What is the disposition of Glycerol 3-phosphate?,"{'A': 'Mobiluncus', 'B': 'Glycine max', 'C': 'Subcellular', 'D': 'Skin'}",C
What is the disposition of O-Phosphoethanolamine?,"{'A': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'B': 'Achromobacter', 'C': 'Parenteral', 'D': 'Burkholderia'}",A
What is the disposition of Serotonin?,"{'A': 'Megasphaera', 'B': 'Bacteroides', 'C': 'Cell', 'D': 'Edwardsiella'}",C
What is the disposition of 5-Methylthioribose 1-phosphate?,"{'A': 'Subcellular', 'B': 'Sinorhizobium', 'C': 'Tetragenococcus', 'D': 'Brevibacterium'}",A
What is the disposition of 17-Hydroxypregnenolone sulfate?,"{'A': 'Proteobacteria', 'B': 'Prostate', 'C': 'Bacteroides', 'D': 'Source'}",D
What is the disposition of Dodecanoic acid?,"{'A': 'Anaerobiospirillum', 'B': 'Acidithiobacillus', 'C': 'Anaerostipes', 'D': 'Blood'}",D
What is the disposition of Adipic acid?,"{'A': 'Aspergillus', 'B': 'Alcaligenes', 'C': 'Tissue and substructures', 'D': 'Cell membrane'}",D
What is the disposition of Sulfide?,"{'A': 'Firmicutes', 'B': 'Route of exposure', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Placenta'}",B
What is the disposition of Galactosylsphingosine?,"{'A': 'Agrobacterium', 'B': 'Adipose tissue', 'C': 'Selenomonas', 'D': 'Endosome'}",D
What is the disposition of Ethanolamine?,"{'A': 'Shigella', 'B': 'Rhodopseudomonas', 'C': 'Streptomyces', 'D': 'Plant'}",D
"What is the disposition of 3b,12a-Dihydroxy-5a-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Biological location', 'B': 'Wastewater', 'C': 'Sarcina', 'D': 'Rhodobacteraceae'}",A
What is the disposition of Allodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Cellulomonas', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Sinorhizobium', 'D': 'Desulfovibrio'}",B
What is the disposition of myo-Inositol?,"{'A': 'Cerebrospinal fluid', 'B': 'Azospirillum', 'C': 'Eubacterium', 'D': 'Rhodobacteraceae'}",A
What is the disposition of Tetrahydrobiopterin?,"{'A': 'Haloanaerobacter', 'B': 'Anaerostipes', 'C': 'Tissue and substructures', 'D': 'Gallbladder'}",C
"What is the disposition of 3a,7b,12a-Trihydroxyoxocholanyl-Glycine?","{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'Adrenal gland', 'C': 'Cell membrane', 'D': 'Moraxella'}",C
What is the disposition of D-Maltose?,"{'A': 'Hansenula', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Uterus', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
"What is the disposition of 3a,7a-Dihydroxycholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Biological location', 'B': 'Sporomusa', 'C': 'Fabaceae', 'D': 'Granulibacter'}",A
What is the disposition of Stearic acid?,"{'A': 'Sinorhizobium', 'B': 'Lactobacillus', 'C': 'Extracellular', 'D': 'Thyroid gland'}",C
What is the disposition of Tetradecanedioic acid?,"{'A': 'Granulibacter', 'B': 'Cellulomonas', 'C': 'Biological', 'D': 'Large intestine'}",C
What is the disposition of Melibiose?,"{'A': 'Large intestine', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Enteral', 'D': 'All tissues'}",C
"What is the disposition of 3b,12a-Dihydroxy-5a-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Element', 'B': 'Animal', 'C': 'Lymph node', 'D': 'Adrenal cortex'}",B
What is the disposition of Allantoin?,"{'A': 'Fabaceae', 'B': 'Mouth', 'C': 'Gammaproteobacteria', 'D': 'Helicobacter'}",A
What is the disposition of 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Route of exposure', 'C': 'Enterobacter', 'D': 'Actinomycetaceae'}",B
What is the disposition of Homovanillic acid?,"{'A': 'Kidney', 'B': 'Desulfovibrio', 'C': 'Dickeya dadantii', 'D': 'Brevibacterium'}",A
What is the disposition of L-Thyronine?,"{'A': 'Adiposome', 'B': 'Spleen', 'C': 'Bradyrhizobium', 'D': 'Shigella'}",B
What is the disposition of Cobalt?,"{'A': 'Debaryomyces', 'B': 'Biological location', 'C': 'Photobacterium', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",B
What is the disposition of Uric acid?,"{'A': 'Microbulbifer', 'B': 'Klebsiella', 'C': 'Escherichia', 'D': 'Biofluid and excreta'}",D
What is the disposition of Octanoylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'Biological', 'B': 'Clostridium', 'C': 'Myelin sheath', 'D': 'Faecalibacterium'}",A
What is the disposition of alpha-Muricholic acid?,"{'A': 'Hepatic tissue', 'B': 'Adiposome', 'C': 'Faecalibacterium', 'D': 'Fibroblast'}",A
What is the disposition of Uridine?,"{'A': 'Burkholderia', 'B': 'Plant', 'C': 'Endocrine gland', 'D': 'Enterobacter'}",B
What is the disposition of Orotic acid?,"{'A': 'Proteobacteria', 'B': 'Basfia', 'C': 'Endogenous', 'D': 'Ruminococcus'}",C
What is the disposition of Hypoxanthine?,"{'A': 'Synthetic', 'B': 'Tobacco smoke', 'C': 'Hypothalamus', 'D': 'Muscle'}",D
What is the disposition of Uric acid?,"{'A': 'Azospirillum', 'B': 'Placenta', 'C': 'Rhizobium', 'D': 'Akkermansia'}",B
What is the disposition of Chenodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Lactobacillus', 'B': 'Actinobacteria', 'C': 'Cell', 'D': 'Anaerococcus'}",C
What is the disposition of D-Xylose?,"{'A': 'Salmonella', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Anaerobiospirillum', 'D': 'Streptomyces'}",B
What is the disposition of Cholestenone?,"{'A': 'Mannheimia', 'B': 'Vibrio', 'C': 'Organ and components', 'D': 'Artery'}",C
What is the disposition of Glyceric acid?,"{'A': 'Subcellular', 'B': 'Moraxella', 'C': 'Alteromonas', 'D': 'Enterococcus'}",A
What is the disposition of 2-Methoxyestradiol?,"{'A': 'Olsenella', 'B': 'System', 'C': 'Urine', 'D': 'Cell'}",C
What is the disposition of Tyramine?,"{'A': 'Olsenella', 'B': 'Arthrobacter', 'C': 'Propionigenum', 'D': 'Feces'}",D
"What is the disposition of 3b,7a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Bacillus', 'B': 'Hepatic tissue', 'C': 'Endocrine gland', 'D': 'Ruminococcus'}",B
What is the disposition of 3-Phosphoglyceric acid?,"{'A': 'Burkholderia', 'B': 'Adiposome', 'C': 'Candida', 'D': 'Placenta'}",D
"What is the disposition of 2,3-Dihydroxyvaleric acid?","{'A': 'Yokenella', 'B': 'Desulfitobacterium', 'C': 'Gammaproteobacteria', 'D': 'Enteral'}",D
What is the disposition of L-Pipecolic acid?,"{'A': 'Basfia', 'B': 'Microbe', 'C': 'Intestine', 'D': 'Fabaceae'}",D
What is the disposition of Linoleic acid?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Phascolarctobacterium', 'C': 'Kluyveromyces', 'D': 'Enteral'}",D
What is the disposition of Pipecolic acid?,"{'A': 'Klebsiella', 'B': 'Subcellular', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Testicle'}",B
What is the disposition of 5-Androstenetriol?,"{'A': 'Mast cell', 'B': 'Staphylococcus', 'C': 'Beta cell', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
What is the disposition of Uridine 5'-diphosphate?,"{'A': 'Prostate', 'B': 'Achromobacter', 'C': 'Personal care product', 'D': 'Bacteroides'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP10831?,"{'A': 'P48995', 'B': 'P48664', 'C': 'Q16271', 'D': 'O95630'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP14011?,"{'A': 'Q86YM7', 'B': 'A7GXA8', 'C': 'B2WTI3', 'D': 'P01562'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08420?,"{'A': 'Q9UJY5', 'B': 'Q8IUF8', 'C': 'Q9BUI4', 'D': 'K0E4D9'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12601?,"{'A': 'P49447', 'B': 'Q9Y6U3', 'C': 'Q9Y4F1', 'D': 'Q4WQY6'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP13693?,"{'A': 'P25021', 'B': 'P21439', 'C': 'E9QUT3', 'D': 'Q03721'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12094?,"{'A': 'Q8N8W4', 'B': 'P37268', 'C': 'Q9NV35', 'D': 'P00481'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP07466?,"{'A': 'A6NMY6', 'B': 'A1ADG9', 'C': 'Q4W5H2', 'D': 'O14638'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00510?,"{'A': 'P30047', 'B': 'Q96RQ3', 'C': 'Q2NGS6', 'D': 'Q96S96'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP10976?,"{'A': 'A4UCT0', 'B': 'P02042', 'C': 'P16435', 'D': 'Q15057'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP02757?,"{'A': 'P53794', 'B': 'Q15759', 'C': 'B9E6Y4', 'D': 'A6LI67'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12904?,"{'A': 'P27544', 'B': 'Q14012', 'C': 'A0Q4Z0', 'D': 'P07741'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP13782?,"{'A': 'Q5VWQ8', 'B': 'P49961', 'C': 'Q9ULZ1', 'D': 'Q9NZJ0'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP02012?,"{'A': 'Q9Y6R4', 'B': 'P08571', 'C': 'Q96RQ9', 'D': 'Q14393'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP10121?,"{'A': 'P25205', 'B': 'P62068', 'C': 'Q86UC2', 'D': 'Q1JHJ1'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12768?,"{'A': 'Q06187', 'B': 'Q9Z2E2', 'C': 'P19086', 'D': 'Q96HP4'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP10896?,"{'A': 'Q6G336', 'B': 'P13258', 'C': 'Q14032', 'D': 'Q9BZV3'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01712?,"{'A': 'Q9H2X3', 'B': 'P05546', 'C': 'A6LFV1', 'D': 'P40261'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP07981?,"{'A': 'P16112', 'B': 'P29034', 'C': 'Q08AG9', 'D': 'O60894'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP10809?,"{'A': 'P11229', 'B': 'Q9Y666', 'C': 'D4B2L8', 'D': 'Q6IPT4'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP09212?,"{'A': 'P52294', 'B': 'Q9UL40', 'C': 'Q15835', 'D': 'Q9H6Z9'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01276?,"{'A': 'Q14694', 'B': 'Q6P461', 'C': 'Q9Y2I7', 'D': 'A0A059J0G5'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00414?,"{'A': 'Q9NPA1', 'B': 'P19022', 'C': 'P48201', 'D': 'O60725'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12911?,"{'A': 'Q1JL88', 'B': 'Q8WVY7', 'C': 'A8Z6M1', 'D': 'P63096'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP14540?,"{'A': 'P05231', 'B': 'Q5T1C6', 'C': 'Q5RHI5', 'D': 'P78334'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12010?,"{'A': 'Q96RU3', 'B': 'Q9H6S0', 'C': 'Q9H2G9', 'D': 'Q04912'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP09416?,"{'A': 'P02008', 'B': 'Q14126', 'C': 'A1L4Q0', 'D': 'Q9ZLL0'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP14164?,"{'A': 'C0MDC9', 'B': 'A0JPF9', 'C': 'Q9ZMK4', 'D': 'P08107'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP11654?,"{'A': 'Q13268', 'B': 'O94973', 'C': 'Q9UBP9', 'D': 'Q96C86'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08210?,"{'A': 'P00742', 'B': 'Q9Y6A2', 'C': 'Q99928', 'D': 'O95865'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP13850?,"{'A': 'Q9H3S7', 'B': 'Q5PD68', 'C': 'Q9NS61', 'D': 'Q5DSZ6'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP13545?,"{'A': 'P02751', 'B': 'Q4L2Z2', 'C': 'Q86SJ6', 'D': 'P40926'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08929?,"{'A': 'P67936', 'B': 'P08235', 'C': 'Q15678', 'D': 'Q9NQ94'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00943?,"{'A': 'Q8TDS4', 'B': 'P57054', 'C': 'Q2L4S5', 'D': 'Q9Y271'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP07270?,"{'A': 'O95633', 'B': 'Q8WVX9', 'C': 'Q9ZLE0', 'D': 'O43923'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP07235?,"{'A': 'P28332', 'B': 'Q9H936', 'C': 'Q7Z478', 'D': 'Q14197'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP11827?,"{'A': 'Q8N431', 'B': 'Q4L9V8', 'C': 'P29475', 'D': 'Q9UBM8'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP11490?,"{'A': 'P32322', 'B': 'B1AM21', 'C': 'Q6ZRP7', 'D': 'Q53FV7'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01109?,"{'A': 'O15427', 'B': 'Q12851', 'C': 'Q8K203', 'D': 'Q49AN0'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01032?,"{'A': 'P80303', 'B': 'Q9R0N7', 'C': 'O60512', 'D': 'Q9UH65'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP14149?,"{'A': 'Q0BQS8', 'B': 'O43826', 'C': 'P10606', 'D': 'Q8TCG5'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00932?,"{'A': 'P14324', 'B': 'P23327', 'C': 'Q8NF50', 'D': 'Q9BZM5'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP14627?,"{'A': 'E7FB98', 'B': 'Q5PFU0', 'C': 'Q03431', 'D': 'Q969Y2'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00180?,"{'A': 'A6NIX2', 'B': 'Q13427', 'C': 'Q8IWV8', 'D': 'O75251'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP03342?,"{'A': 'Q7L266', 'B': 'P63132', 'C': 'P12272', 'D': 'P51680'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP03007?,"{'A': 'Q86Y38', 'B': 'P17573', 'C': 'O43825', 'D': 'Q9HAB8'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00023?,"{'A': 'O75390', 'B': 'Q9UKN8', 'C': 'P36551', 'D': 'Q89ZF2'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP11825?,"{'A': 'Q71RS6', 'B': 'B9KDM7', 'C': 'Q8TCB7', 'D': 'Q13011'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08276?,"{'A': 'Q7RTP6', 'B': 'P10523', 'C': 'P78417', 'D': 'P0CO61'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00559?,"{'A': 'Q93088', 'B': 'Q9Y5S8', 'C': 'Q9HBB8', 'D': 'Q16595'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00147?,"{'A': 'P51168', 'B': 'Q63447', 'C': 'Q99489', 'D': 'Q1JCH7'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP13762?,"{'A': 'O88188', 'B': 'P63135', 'C': 'Q96P48', 'D': 'P53004'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01484?,"{'A': 'P11245', 'B': 'P05198', 'C': 'P57103', 'D': 'Q9BWU1'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08095?,"{'A': 'O15269', 'B': 'O14795', 'C': 'Q9NPA1', 'D': 'Q05315'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP10925?,"{'A': 'P43119', 'B': 'Q14562', 'C': 'Q96JM3', 'D': 'Q9NUI1'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00049?,"{'A': 'P30989', 'B': 'O75600', 'C': 'Q96T51', 'D': 'Q86YJ5'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01956?,"{'A': 'P04179', 'B': 'P37235', 'C': 'P26651', 'D': 'O60733'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00024?,"{'A': 'Q9NSD9', 'B': 'Q4E4I4', 'C': 'O94762', 'D': 'Q8WYK0'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12351?,"{'A': 'Q96LR5', 'B': 'Q08462', 'C': 'Q05655', 'D': 'O25103'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00972?,"{'A': 'Q8WWW0', 'B': 'P09917', 'C': 'O86412', 'D': 'Q8A2B2'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP07550?,"{'A': 'O95139', 'B': 'P63098', 'C': 'Q9UIJ5', 'D': 'B9EBE2'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01594?,"{'A': 'O43447', 'B': 'P22304', 'C': 'P51784', 'D': 'Q9UPI3'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00161?,"{'A': 'P27338', 'B': 'Q4L756', 'C': 'C4ZB25', 'D': 'Q9UEF7'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP10820?,"{'A': 'Q99640', 'B': 'Q8TEK3', 'C': 'Q7Z628', 'D': 'Q9H0R8'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12541?,"{'A': 'A7I3C8', 'B': 'A0A2U8U2K8', 'C': 'Q8TEQ8', 'D': 'Q8NDV1'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12764?,"{'A': 'P81172', 'B': 'P00403', 'C': 'Q13838', 'D': 'Q8NAP3'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00886?,"{'A': 'Q8NCB2', 'B': 'Q5TA79', 'C': 'O15269', 'D': 'P29401'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00937?,"{'A': 'O75891', 'B': 'Q03426', 'C': 'Q13956', 'D': 'P0DL27'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP04363?,"{'A': 'Q8NHM5', 'B': 'P04818', 'C': 'Q8N5C7', 'D': 'P63302'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00227?,"{'A': 'P38571', 'B': 'Q14651', 'C': 'P51793', 'D': 'P09237'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP07511?,"{'A': 'Q9H159', 'B': 'Q6G0D0', 'C': 'P9WFK7', 'D': 'P84085'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP07310?,"{'A': 'P55345', 'B': 'Q9UBY5', 'C': 'Q14185', 'D': 'Q96LB4'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00179?,"{'A': 'O14521', 'B': 'P48960', 'C': 'P55789', 'D': 'Q96L42'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP03028?,"{'A': 'Q13621', 'B': 'A2VDF0', 'C': 'Q14494', 'D': 'Q9BW62'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01293?,"{'A': 'P33527', 'B': 'Q9NYV4', 'C': 'Q76NI1', 'D': 'D0ZWU0'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP13827?,"{'A': 'Q8N3E9', 'B': 'Q5PM87', 'C': 'Q01082', 'D': 'Q6UVY6'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP02257?,"{'A': 'Q9P0V9', 'B': 'Q9UNQ0', 'C': 'Q92820', 'D': 'Q9C0H2'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01266?,"{'A': 'A1A7A3', 'B': 'Q0BT08', 'C': 'O94804', 'D': 'P17735'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP10935?,"{'A': 'P52429', 'B': 'P97501', 'C': 'A9JR72', 'D': 'Q9H706'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP07668?,"{'A': 'P07550', 'B': 'P27986', 'C': 'Q5VST9', 'D': 'Q8TC29'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08623?,"{'A': 'Q4WQY5', 'B': 'P50395', 'C': 'Q9Y5F1', 'D': 'O75695'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01717?,"{'A': 'P02749', 'B': 'A6NG73', 'C': 'P00734', 'D': 'P36639'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12898?,"{'A': 'Q1J633', 'B': 'Q9NSV4', 'C': 'O75628', 'D': 'P49753'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP03280?,"{'A': 'Q96N76', 'B': 'Q8TCJ2', 'C': 'Q9BZD2', 'D': 'P02679'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP02928?,"{'A': 'Q9H0K6', 'B': 'Q8TCW9', 'C': 'P09237', 'D': 'Q5GSJ0'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08661?,"{'A': 'P12532', 'B': 'Q6ZV29', 'C': 'Q14494', 'D': 'Q6FYB8'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP12004?,"{'A': 'Q68J44', 'B': 'Q9UNP4', 'C': 'Q9HB90', 'D': 'Q9UBQ0'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01570?,"{'A': 'Q8TDN7', 'B': 'P60484', 'C': 'Q8NEZ4', 'D': 'Q6XUX3'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00022?,"{'A': 'P13196', 'B': 'P17707', 'C': 'Q4L4X7', 'D': 'Q70EK9'}",A
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP07472?,"{'A': 'Q9NPI5', 'B': 'C0MBK6', 'C': 'Q4WLD0', 'D': 'Q7Z5Y6'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP11759?,"{'A': 'Q8G5F2', 'B': 'Q9NT06', 'C': 'Q4WQY7', 'D': 'Q8NAT1'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08678?,"{'A': 'O43174', 'B': 'Q9BYJ1', 'C': 'P07384', 'D': 'Q12913'}",B
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP13811?,"{'A': 'P28340', 'B': 'Q5PC78', 'C': 'Q9Z2E2', 'D': 'P07948'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01700?,"{'A': 'P35125', 'B': 'Q9NQC7', 'C': 'Q92839', 'D': 'A0A2U8U2L4'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP13555?,"{'A': 'P03082', 'B': 'O14521', 'C': 'Q89Z26', 'D': 'O75604'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08104?,"{'A': 'Q93088', 'B': 'O95500', 'C': 'A9JR72', 'D': 'Q96J66'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00333?,"{'A': 'Q08AH3', 'B': 'P07951', 'C': 'Q9NR45', 'D': 'Q9NQI0'}",C
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP00312?,"{'A': 'Q53EW1', 'B': 'P07998', 'C': 'Q14500', 'D': 'Q8TCG5'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP10970?,"{'A': 'Q9HAU4', 'B': 'P30837', 'C': 'P19634', 'D': 'Q69YJ1'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP01813?,"{'A': 'O14613', 'B': 'P42285', 'C': 'Q9UI17', 'D': 'Q13002'}",D
What is the UniProt ID of HMDBP08634?,"{'A': 'Q7KZN9', 'B': 'P22894', 'C': 'Q9Y2E5', 'D': 'P17038'}",A
What is a synonym for Capric acid?,"{'A': 'Lunac 10-95', 'B': '3Α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one', 'C': 'Pyridoxic acid', 'D': 'rac-17b-Hydroxy-(8a)-androst-4-en-3-one'}",A
What is a synonym for Ketoleucine?,"{'A': 'alpha-Ketoisocapronate', 'B': 'Pteroylglutamate', 'C': 'Glycine carbonate (2:1), monolithium salt', 'D': 'Glacial acetate'}",A
What is a synonym for Tartaric acid?,"{'A': '(R)-3-Hydroxydecanedioic acid', 'B': '(L)-Aspartate', 'C': 'Tartric acid', 'D': 'β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate'}",C
What is a synonym for beta-Sitosterol?,"{'A': 'CC', 'B': '3-Epichenodeoxycholate', 'C': '(3beta)-Stigmast-5-en-3-ol', 'D': '2-Amino-1-methylimidazolin-4-one'}",C
What is a synonym for CE(16:0)?,"{'A': '3-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-(5-O-phosphono-β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyridinium', 'B': 'Medphano brand OF levodopa', 'C': 'Nucleotide, diphosphopyridine', 'D': 'Cholesteryl 1-palmitoate'}",D
What is a synonym for NADPH?,"{'A': 'N-IVGA', 'B': 'Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'C': 'Α-hydroxy-α-methylpropanoate', 'D': '(-)-7-Dehydrocholesterol'}",B
What is a synonym for Malonic acid?,"{'A': 'D,D,D-Phytanate', 'B': 'b-Guanidinoacetic acid', 'C': 'Malonic acid, disodium salt', 'D': '2’-DeoxyCTP'}",C
What is a synonym for Fe2+?,"{'A': 'LOHA', 'B': 'g-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine', 'C': 'Urate, ammonium acid', 'D': '3alpha,7beta-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-Oate'}",A
What is a synonym for Deoxycholic acid?,"{'A': '2-trans,6-trans-Farnesyl pyrophosphate', 'B': 'g-Hydroxybutyrate lactone', 'C': '2-Phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid', 'D': '7Α-deoxycholate'}",D
What is a synonym for Aspartylglycosamine?,"{'A': '1-beta-Aspartyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylamine', 'B': 'Ardeypharm brand OF tryptophan', 'C': 'Amino-acetic acid', 'D': 'Reichstein substance S'}",A
What is a synonym for Guanosine?,"{'A': '(R)-Epinephrine', 'B': 'Guanine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside', 'C': 'Buphenyl', 'D': '2-Hydroxyestrone 2-methyl ether'}",B
What is a synonym for 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid?,"{'A': '(3Α,5α,12α)-3,12-dihydroxycholan-24-Oate', 'B': 'beta-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)phenylalanine', 'C': '3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid', 'D': 'Nilic acid'}",D
What is a synonym for Sulfite?,"{'A': 'S-Sulfocysteine', 'B': 'Sulfite', 'C': '(3beta,5beta,7beta)-3,7-Dihydroxycholan-24-Oate', 'D': '1,9-Dihydro-9-b-D-ribofuranosyl-6H-purin-6-one'}",B
What is a synonym for Malic acid?,"{'A': '1-Amino-3-(phosphohydroxy)propan-2-one', 'B': 'α-Hydroxysuccinic acid', 'C': ""3,3'-Dithiodialanine"", 'D': 'Caprate'}",B
What is a synonym for 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid?,"{'A': 'Pregn-5-en-20-on-3b-yl sulfuric acid', 'B': '4-Hydroxy-benzoesaeure', 'C': 'Isethion', 'D': 'L-Glutamic acid g-lactam'}",B
What is a synonym for Leucinic acid?,"{'A': '7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL', 'B': '5-Ureidohydantoin', 'C': 'Leucinate', 'D': 'Saccharum lactin'}",C
What is a synonym for Myristic acid?,"{'A': 'Acid, tetradecanoic', 'B': 'Androkinine', 'C': 'a-D-Galactopyranosyl phosphate', 'D': '(R,R)-Tartarate'}",A
What is a synonym for L-Phenylalanine?,"{'A': 'Testrone', 'B': 'Α-glycerophosphorylcholine', 'C': 'Endorphenyl', 'D': 'Acid'}",C
What is a synonym for N-alpha-Acetyl-L-citrulline?,"{'A': '(1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid', 'B': '7b-Hydroxyisocholate', 'C': '(2S)-2-(Acetylamino)-5-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]pentanoate', 'D': 'Cobalt salt glycine'}",C
What is a synonym for L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid?,"{'A': '(S)-Α-hydroxyglutaric acid', 'B': 'alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-methylpropanoate', 'C': 'Pyridine hydrochloride', 'D': 'Purine-2(3H),6(1H)-dione'}",A
What is a synonym for L-Phenylalanine?,"{'A': '(S)-Phenylalanine', 'B': ""3-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid"", 'C': '9-(2-Deoxy-b-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-9H-purin-6-ol', 'D': 'Butyrine, (R)-isomer'}",A
What is a synonym for Succinic acid?,"{'A': 'Falk brand OF ursodeoxycholic acid', 'B': 'L-Asparagate', 'C': '1,4-Butanedioic acid', 'D': 'Industrene 4516'}",C
What is a synonym for Tridecanoic acid?,"{'A': 'alpha-Glutamate', 'B': '2S-Amino-tridecanoate', 'C': '4-Androsten-3,17-dione', 'D': 'tn'}",B
What is a synonym for L-Valine?,"{'A': '2-(Hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid', 'B': 'α-Muricholic acid', 'C': 'Fleboplast levulosa', 'D': '2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid'}",D
What is a synonym for 3-Methylglutaconic acid?,"{'A': '3,6,7-Trihydroxy-5-cholanoic acid', 'B': 'UDPGA', 'C': 'b-Methylglutaconic acid', 'D': 'Flavaxin'}",C
What is a synonym for Glycerol 3-phosphate?,"{'A': ""Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphoric acid"", 'B': '1-Phosphoglycerol', 'C': 'Acido sulphuroso', 'D': '(+)-alpha-Hydroxyisocaproic acid'}",B
What is a synonym for Palmitoylcarnitine?,"{'A': '3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-1-propanaminium', 'B': 'D-Gluconic delta-lactone', 'C': 'N-Dodecanoic acid', 'D': 'Chloor'}",A
What is a synonym for Biotin?,"{'A': '3-Hydroxy-sebacic acid', 'B': '3Α,7α,12α,25-tetrahydroxycoprostane', 'C': 'Biotine roche', 'D': '(S)-2-Amino-3-carbamoylpropanoate'}",C
What is a synonym for Galactose 1-phosphate?,"{'A': 'Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3beta-ol', 'B': 'alpha-D-Galactose-1-phosphoric acid', 'C': '4-Amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one', 'D': '3-[2-[[3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-5-[(Z)-(3-ethenyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methyl]-5-[(Z)-(4-ethenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid'}",B
What is a synonym for Uridine diphosphategalactose?,"{'A': 'S-Methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate', 'B': 'e-N-Acetyllysine', 'C': 'Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine', 'D': 'UDP-D-Galactopyranose'}",D
What is a synonym for Oleic acid?,"{'A': 'Metyrapone', 'B': '2-Amino-quinonoid dihydropterin', 'C': 'Pamolyn 125', 'D': '6,8-Dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane b-D-glucopyranose deriv.'}",C
What is a synonym for Quinaldic acid?,"{'A': 'Dipotassium aspartate', 'B': '2-Aminoethylsulfonate', 'C': '2-Quinolinylcarboxylic acid', 'D': 'Potassium monocation'}",C
What is a synonym for 3-Hydroxybutyric acid?,"{'A': 'D-Glycerate 3-phosphate', 'B': 'delta-3-Hydroxybutyric acid', 'C': 'Potassium glutamate', 'D': 'Cholestanol, (3alpha, 5beta)-isomer'}",B
What is a synonym for 5Z-Dodecenoic acid?,"{'A': '1-b-D-Ribosyl-cytosine', 'B': '5-Dodecenoic acid', 'C': 'Threonin', 'D': '2-Hydroxypropanoic acid'}",B
What is a synonym for L-3-Phenyllactic acid?,"{'A': '2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioate', 'B': ""Cyclic 3',5'-adenylic acid"", 'C': 'Valeric acid', 'D': '(R)-3-(Phenyl)lactic acid'}",D
What is a synonym for Mannitol?,"{'A': '1,16-Hexadecanedioic acid', 'B': '(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol', 'C': '(2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyproline', 'D': '2-Hydroxypropanoate'}",B
What is a synonym for L-Glutamic acid?,"{'A': 'g-Phenylbutyric acid', 'B': 'Aquacort', 'C': '(+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valeric acid', 'D': 'Glutamidex'}",D
What is a synonym for Sorbitol?,"{'A': 'Physeteric acid', 'B': 'Sorbit S', 'C': '3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid', 'D': 'Ureidosuccinic acid, zinc (1:1) salt, (L)-isomer'}",B
What is a synonym for Cortisol?,"{'A': 'Methyl (20α)-16,17-didehydro-19α-methyl-18-oxayohimban-16-carboxylate', 'B': '3-(4-HYDROXY-phenyl)pyruvate', 'C': '2-Octanamidoacetate', 'D': 'Optef'}",D
What is a synonym for Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate?,"{'A': ""Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid"", 'B': 'Chondroitin sulfate type b', 'C': 'beta-Hydroxydodecanoic acid', 'D': '3α-Hydroxy-5β-cholanoylglycine 3-sulphate'}",D
What is a synonym for dGDP?,"{'A': 'Deoxyguanosine-diphosphate', 'B': '3a,7b-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoyltaurine', 'C': '(+)-Estrone', 'D': '3-Sulphinoalanine'}",A
What is a synonym for Cholestenone?,"{'A': 'R-717', 'B': '3-Oxocholest-4-ene', 'C': 'Methylamine hydrogen cyanide', 'D': 'Hendecanoate'}",B
What is a synonym for myo-Inositol?,"{'A': 'Iso-inositol', 'B': ""S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-homocysteine"", 'C': 'Heparan sulfuric acid', 'D': 'Absolute ethanol'}",A
What is a synonym for PS(16:0/16:0)?,"{'A': '4,8-Dihydroxy-quinaldic acid', 'B': '1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine', 'C': '(e)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid', 'D': '10-Formyl-THF'}",B
"What is a synonym for 3b,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': '3-Epicholate', 'B': ""N'-methylnicotinic acid"", 'C': 'e-260', 'D': 'VITAMIN D'}",A
What is a synonym for DL-Dopa?,"{'A': 'a-amino-3,4-Dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid', 'B': '12-Ketolithocholate', 'C': 'Tetradecanoate', 'D': 'N-Acetyl-a-D-neuraminate'}",A
What is a synonym for Methylmalonic acid?,"{'A': '3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5alpha-cholanoic acid', 'B': '3a,12a-Dihydroxy-7-oxo-5b-cholan-24-Oate', 'C': 'Isosuccinate', 'D': '(S)-Asparagine'}",C
What is a synonym for Propionic acid?,"{'A': 'D5-Cholenic acid', 'B': '2-Hydroxy-17beta-estradiol', 'C': 'N-Carbamoyl-b-alanine', 'D': 'Toxi-check'}",D
"What is a synonym for 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol?","{'A': 'D-2-Aminobuttersaeure', 'B': '3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-Oate', 'C': 'L-5-((2-O-alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl-beta-delta-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-lysine', 'D': 'beta,3,4-Trihydroxy phenethyl alcohol'}",D
What is a synonym for Gluconic acid?,"{'A': 'Gluconic acid, sodium salt', 'B': '9-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)adenine', 'C': '3b,12a-Dihydroxy-5a-cholanoate', 'D': '3b,6a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-Oate'}",A
What is a synonym for 4-Hydroxybutyric acid?,"{'A': 'Mannistol', 'B': 'N-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)phenylalanine', 'C': '4-OPC4a', 'D': '4-Hydroxycarboxylic acid'}",D
What is a synonym for L-Lysine?,"{'A': 'alpha-Lysine', 'B': 'Para-tyramine', 'C': 'Pamolyn 100 FGK', 'D': 'Bronchitol'}",A
What is a synonym for L-Alanine?,"{'A': 'Alanine, L-isomer', 'B': 'L-Glucosan', 'C': '4-(2-amino-1-Hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol', 'D': '(Phosphonooxy)-acetic acid'}",A
What is a synonym for Nicotinamide ribotide?,"{'A': '5 Hydroxylysine', 'B': 'Nicotinamide ribotide', 'C': 'Sorbitol syrup C', 'D': 'Anucort-HC'}",B
What is a synonym for Deoxycorticosterone?,"{'A': '3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid', 'B': 'Guanidylacetic acid', 'C': '4-Carboxybutanoate', 'D': 'Desoxycortone'}",D
What is a synonym for Kynurenic acid?,"{'A': '4-Hydroxy-2-chinolincarbonsaeure', 'B': '3,5-ADP', 'C': '2,6,8-Trioxopurine', 'D': ""S, Reichstein's substance""}",A
What is a synonym for L-Isoleucine?,"{'A': '(2S,3S)-2-Amino-3-methyl-pentanoic acid', 'B': 'DL-Citramalate', 'C': '2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2-furanone', 'D': '3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylamine'}",A
What is a synonym for S-Adenosylhomocysteine?,"{'A': '(2S)-2-Amino-4-({[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl}sulphanyl)butanoate', 'B': 'Gly-L-pro', 'C': 'Cholest-5-en-3beta-yl (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid', 'D': '(S)-2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid'}",A
What is a synonym for Iodine?,"{'A': 'Cadex', 'B': 'D5-Androsten-3beta-ol-17-one', 'C': 'L-alpha-Dipalmitoylecithin', 'D': '(4E,15Z)-Bilirubin IXα'}",A
What is a synonym for Pseudouridine?,"{'A': 'Pipecolinate', 'B': 'Pseudouridine', 'C': '(3Α,5β,12α)-3,12-dihydroxy-7-oxocholan-24-Oate', 'D': '1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine'}",B
What is a synonym for D-Xylose?,"{'A': '(2S)-2-Amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid', 'B': '2-Methoxyestradiol', 'C': 'Xyloside', 'D': '3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid-24-glycine'}",C
What is a synonym for DL-2-Aminooctanoic acid?,"{'A': 'Deoxycholic acid disulfuric acid', 'B': '(S)-alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid', 'C': 'DL-2-Amino-octanoate', 'D': 'Estrone, (8 alpha)-isomer'}",C
What is a synonym for Cortexolone?,"{'A': ""S, Reichstein's substance"", 'B': 'Sar', 'C': 'Polylin 515', 'D': '3-PGA'}",A
What is a synonym for Thiamine?,"{'A': 'a-Oxoisocaproate', 'B': 'Apate drops', 'C': 'Histerone', 'D': 'Hydroxy(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid'}",B
What is a synonym for Epinephrine?,"{'A': '(S)-2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid', 'B': 'Methyl 3-[10,15-diethenyl-20-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-5,9,14,19-tetramethyl-21,22,23,24-tetraazapentacyclo[16.2.1.1³,⁶.1⁸,¹¹.1¹³,¹⁶]tetracosa-1(20),2,4,6(24),7,9,11,13(22),14,16,18-undecaen-4-yl]propanoic acid', 'C': 'Levoepinephrine', 'D': '1-(2-Deoxy-beta-delta-ribofuranosyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione'}",C
What is a synonym for 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid?,"{'A': '4-Hydroxy-quinaldic acid', 'B': '3-Methyl butyric acid', 'C': 'L-Alanin', 'D': '3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate'}",D
What is a synonym for L-Fucose?,"{'A': '(R,R)-Tartaric acid', 'B': 'Acid, lagodeoxycholic', 'C': ""3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine"", 'D': 'a-L-Fucp'}",D
What is a synonym for 4-Pyridoxic acid?,"{'A': 'Pyridoxic acid', 'B': '2-Oxoadipic acid', 'C': 'Guanidineacetate', 'D': 'beta-Ketoisocaproate'}",A
What is a synonym for Succinic acid?,"{'A': 'Sodium ursodeoxycholate', 'B': 'Ethylenesuccinate', 'C': '5alpha-Androstane-3beta,17alpha-diol', 'D': 'Dihydroxyphenylalanine hydrochloride, (2:1)'}",B
What is a synonym for Epinephrine?,"{'A': 'Adenosine-monophosphate', 'B': '3b-Hydroxy-17-oxo-5a-androstane', 'C': '1,3,12-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid', 'D': 'Adrenaline hydrochloride'}",D
"What is a synonym for 3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid?","{'A': '(R)-3-Phenyl-lactate', 'B': '3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid', 'C': '2-MBG', 'D': 'L-Dioleoyl lecithin'}",B
What is a synonym for Deoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Choline acetate (ester)', 'B': 'Benzoylaminoessigsaeure', 'C': 'L-Γ-glutamyl-L-phenylalanine', 'D': 'Deoxycholic acid, magnesium (2:1) salt'}",D
"What is a synonym for 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid?","{'A': '3a,7a,12b-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanic acid', 'B': '3 alpha,6 alpha,7 beta-Trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid', 'C': 'Dopastat', 'D': '16-Hydroxyestrone'}",A
What is a synonym for Gluconolactone?,"{'A': '1,5-D-Gluconolactone', 'B': 'Milk acid', 'C': 'Penecort', 'D': '11-Epicortisol'}",A
What is a synonym for Dermatan sulfate?,"{'A': '(cis-delta(5),cis-delta(8))-Tetradecanoate', 'B': 'Dermatan 4-sulfate', 'C': '2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-sulfuric acid', 'D': 'N-Acetyl-b-D-galactosamine 4-sulphate'}",B
What is a synonym for D-Phenyllactic acid?,"{'A': 'Estradiol, sodium salt', 'B': '21H,23H-Porphine-2,3,7,8,12,13,17-heptacarboxylic acid', 'C': 'Glycerol 1-phosphate', 'D': '(R)-2-Phenyl-2-hydroxypropanoic acid'}",D
What is a synonym for 3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid?,"{'A': '(S)-b-OH Dodecanoate', 'B': 'α-Hydroxybutyric acid', 'C': '9H-Purine-2,6-diol', 'D': '3-Hydroxydihydrocinnamic acid'}",A
What is a synonym for 3-Methoxytyramine?,"{'A': 'Osteil', 'B': '4-(2-Amino-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol', 'C': '3-Oxobutanoic acid methyl ester', 'D': '3,8,13,17-Tetramethyl-2,7,12,18-porphinetetrapropionate'}",B
What is a synonym for Folic acid?,"{'A': 'delta4-Cholestenone', 'B': 'GUN', 'C': 'Incafolic', 'D': 'Weinsaeure'}",C
What is a synonym for Galactose 1-phosphate?,"{'A': '2-Phosphoglycerate', 'B': 'a-Ketoglutarate', 'C': 'trans-Ferulate', 'D': 'alpha-D-Galactopyranose 1-phosphate'}",D
What is a synonym for 2-Isopropylmalic acid?,"{'A': 'Butanate', 'B': 'Cholesterol ester(18:2W6/0:0)', 'C': '1-Β-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione', 'D': '2-Hydroxy-2-isopropylsuccinic acid'}",D
What is a synonym for D-Galactose?,"{'A': '4-Carboxyphenol', 'B': '1,3,5,8-Tetramethyl-2,4-bis(a-hydroxyethyl)porphine-6,7-dipropionate', 'C': 'Methylmalonate', 'D': 'GAL'}",D
What is a synonym for Folic acid?,"{'A': '(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-acetate', 'B': 'Vitamin m', 'C': 'Medopharm brand OF biotin', 'D': '3,4,7-TCOA'}",B
What is a synonym for Caprylic acid?,"{'A': '5a-Androsterone', 'B': 'Caprylic acid, copper salt', 'C': '5-Phosphorylribose 1-alpha-diphosphate', 'D': 'Lysine, 5 hydroxy'}",B
What is a synonym for Estriol?,"{'A': 'PHOH', 'B': '5-Hydroxy-hexanoate', 'C': 'Aluminum monostearate', 'D': 'Ovestrion'}",D
What is a synonym for L-Lactic acid?,"{'A': 'Glutaconic acid', 'B': 'Acetylamino-acetic acid', 'C': 'Ascorbic acid, monosodium salt', 'D': 'L-(+)-Α-hydroxypropionate'}",D
What is a synonym for Taurine?,"{'A': '3b,17,21-Trihydroxy-5a-pregnane-11,20-dione', 'B': '(S)-a,epsilon-Diaminocaproic acid', 'C': 'b-Aminoethylsulphonic acid', 'D': 'Sphingosine D18:1'}",C
What is a synonym for O-Phosphoethanolamine?,"{'A': '12-Oxochenodeoxycholate', 'B': 'Monoiodotyrosine', 'C': '3b,7a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-Oate', 'D': 'Phosphorylethanolamine, cobalt (2+) (1:1) salt'}",D
What is a synonym for Ethanolamine?,"{'A': 'a-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid', 'B': 'beta-Aminoethanol', 'C': 'Panzem', 'D': 'Δ5-stigmasten-3β-ol'}",B
What is a synonym for Creatinine?,"{'A': '4-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-L-phenylalanine', 'B': 'Ethyl alc', 'C': 'Salt, creatinine sulfate', 'D': 'beta-5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-delta-glycero-delta-galacto-nonulopyranosonate'}",C
What is a synonym for Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine?,"{'A': 'Diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine, uridine', 'B': ""Kendall's compound F"", 'C': 'Β-hydroxy-L-alanine', 'D': 'Lithocholate, taurine'}",A
What is a synonym for Palmitic acid?,"{'A': 'CH3-[CH2]14-COOH', 'B': '12b-Hydroxyisocholic acid', 'C': 'Monarch brand OF levothyroxine sodium', 'D': '(S)-2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylate'}",A
What is a synonym for 2-Methylcitric acid?,"{'A': 'Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoate', 'B': '(S)-Glutamate', 'C': '12β-Hydroxyisocholic acid', 'D': '2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylate'}",D
What is a synonym for Trehalose?,"{'A': 'Α,α’-D-trehalose', 'B': '3-Sulfinato-L-alaninate', 'C': '(3S)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid', 'D': 'b-D-Fruf-(21)-a-D-GLCP'}",A
What is a synonym for Indolelactic acid?,"{'A': '3a,12a-Dihydroxy-7-keto-5b-cholanoate', 'B': '(S)-2-Hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid', 'C': '2-Oxoglutarate', 'D': '2,5-Dihydroxy-a-toluate'}",B
What is a synonym for Epietiocholanolone?,"{'A': '3-Hydroxysuberate', 'B': 'Etiocholan-3b-ol-17-one', 'C': 'VALINE', 'D': 'Mucinsaeure'}",B
What is a synonym for L-Homocystine?,"{'A': '(R)-b-Phenyllactic acid', 'B': 'a,epsilon-diamino-δ-hydroxycaproate', 'C': '(S)-Malic acid', 'D': '2-Amino-4-{[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]disulphanyl}butanoate'}",D
What is a synonym for Muricholic acid?,"{'A': 'β-Nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphoric acid', 'B': '3-HYDROXY-propanoate', 'C': 'Muricholic acid, (3alpha,5beta,6beta,7alpha)-isomer', 'D': '16a-Estriol'}",C
What is a synonym for gamma-Butyrolactone?,"{'A': '4-Deoxytetronic acid', 'B': 'Magnesium butyrate', 'C': ""N-[5-Amino-1-(5'-phosphoribofuranosyl)-4-imidazolecarbonyl]aspartic acid"", 'D': '4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-DL-mandelic acid'}",A
What is a synonym for Glycerol 3-phosphate?,"{'A': 'all-trans-Farnesyl pyrophosphate', 'B': 'sn-GLYCEROL-3-phosphoric acid', 'C': 'Hydrochloride, aspartate magnesium', 'D': '(4S,5R,6R,7R,8S)-4,5,6,7,8,9-Hexahydroxy-2-oxononanoate'}",B
What process is Adenosine triphosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Asthma', 'B': 'Etoricoxib Action Pathway', 'C': 'Intracellular Signalling Through PGD2 receptor and Prostaglandin D2', 'D': 'Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism'}",C
"What process is 5alpha-Androstane-3beta,17beta-diol involved in?","{'A': 'Procaine Action Pathway', 'B': 'Torsemide Action Pathway', 'C': 'Glycine and Serine Metabolism', 'D': 'Lipid transport'}",D
What process is Calcium involved in?,"{'A': 'Streptokinase Action Pathway', 'B': 'Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type III', 'C': 'Pyruvate Metabolism', 'D': 'Zoledronate Action Pathway'}",A
What process is L-Threonine involved in?,"{'A': 'Biological process', 'B': 'Artemether Metabolism Pathway', 'C': 'Methdilazine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Teniposide Action Pathway'}",A
What process is Adenosine triphosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Pravastatin Action Pathway', 'B': 'Chemical reaction', 'C': 'Sulindac Action Pathway', 'D': 'Salicylate-sodium Action Pathway'}",A
What process is Isoursodeoxycholic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Anileridine Action Pathway', 'B': 'Naturally occurring process', 'C': 'Lincomycin Action Pathway', 'D': 'Hydrochlorothiazide Action Pathway'}",B
What process is Adenosine triphosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Androstenedione Metabolism', 'B': 'Fosinopril Metabolism Pathway', 'C': 'Etoposide Action Pathway', 'D': 'Cell signaling'}",C
What process is Histamine involved in?,"{'A': 'Acenocoumarol Action Pathway', 'B': 'Levomethadyl Acetate Action Action Pathway', 'C': 'Methapyrilene H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'The oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate'}",C
What process is PS(16:0/16:0) involved in?,"{'A': 'Chlorphenoxamine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Methadone Action Pathway', 'C': 'Lipid metabolism pathway', 'D': 'Levobupivacaine Action Pathway'}",C
What process is Octadecanedioic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Excitatory Neural Signalling Through 5-HTR 7 and Serotonin', 'B': 'Fructose and Mannose Degradation', 'C': 'Valdecoxib Action Pathway', 'D': 'Lipid peroxidation'}",D
What process is Calcium involved in?,"{'A': 'Terfenadine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Spirapril Action Pathway', 'C': 'Betaine Metabolism', 'D': 'Trichlormethiazide Action Pathway'}",A
What process is 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Oxytetracycline Action Pathway', 'B': 'Biochemical pathway', 'C': 'Metiamide Action Pathway', 'D': 'Emedastine H1-Antihistamine Action'}",B
What process is Ascorbic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Methapyrilene H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Telmisartan Action Pathway', 'C': 'Pindolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Naturally occurring process'}",D
What process is Histamine involved in?,"{'A': 'Esmolol Action Pathway', 'B': 'Plasmalogen Synthesis', 'C': 'Doxylamine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Eplerenone Action Pathway'}",C
What process is Malic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Methionine Metabolism', 'B': 'Mebhydrolin H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Triosephosphate isomerase', 'D': 'Oxomemazine H1-Antihistamine Action'}",C
"What process is 3a,12b-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid involved in?","{'A': 'Cellular process', 'B': 'Warfarin Action Pathway', 'C': 'Fluoxetine Metabolism Pathway', 'D': 'Betaxolol Action Pathway'}",A
"What process is 4-(2-Aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid involved in?","{'A': 'Tryptophan Metabolism', 'B': 'The oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate', 'C': 'Steroid biosynthesis', 'D': 'Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis'}",A
What process is 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Antipyrine Action Pathway', 'B': 'Nucleotide Sugars Metabolism', 'C': 'Lipid metabolism pathway', 'D': 'Tenofovir  Action Pathway'}",C
What process is Sarcosine involved in?,"{'A': 'Terfenadine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Cell survival', 'C': 'Oxprenolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Biological process'}",D
What process is Glycerol 3-phosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Phospholipid Biosynthesis', 'B': 'Salicylate-sodium Action Pathway', 'C': 'Bepotastine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Glutamate Metabolism'}",A
What process is Estriol involved in?,"{'A': 'Tamoxifen Action Pathway', 'B': 'Biological process', 'C': 'Felodipine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Naltrexone Action Pathway'}",B
What process is 17alpha-Estradiol involved in?,"{'A': 'Intracellular Signalling Through Prostacyclin Receptor and Prostacyclin', 'B': 'Apoptosis', 'C': 'Chlorcyclizine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Lipid metabolism pathway'}",D
What process is NADPH involved in?,"{'A': 'Talastine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Oxomemazine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Kanamycin Action Pathway', 'D': 'Rosiglitazone Metabolism Pathway'}",D
What process is Deoxycholic acid disulfate involved in?,"{'A': 'Biological process', 'B': 'Chlorothiazide Action Pathway', 'C': 'Lidocaine (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway', 'D': 'Trisalicylate-choline Action Pathway'}",A
"What process is 3b,4b,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid involved in?","{'A': 'Chemical reaction', 'B': 'Histapyrrodine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Chlorthalidone Action Pathway', 'D': 'Dimethylthiambutene Action Pathway'}",A
What process is Norepinephrine involved in?,"{'A': 'Clindamycin Action Pathway', 'B': 'Chloroprocaine Action Pathway', 'C': 'Methdilazine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Starch and sucrose metabolism'}",B
"What process is 3a,6b,7b,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid involved in?","{'A': 'Bopindolol Action Pathway', 'B': 'Tenecteplase Action Pathway', 'C': 'Triglyceride metabolism', 'D': 'Lipid metabolism'}",D
What process is Calcium involved in?,"{'A': 'Mercaptopurine Metabolism Pathway', 'B': 'Pravastatin Action Pathway', 'C': 'Carbamazepine Metabolism Pathway', 'D': 'Dimetindene H1-Antihistamine Action'}",D
What process is Sodium involved in?,"{'A': 'Antrafenine Action Pathway', 'B': 'Dexbrompheniramine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Pindolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Lumiracoxib Action Pathway'}",C
What process is Propionic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Omeprazole Action Pathway', 'B': 'Naturally occurring process', 'C': 'Proparacaine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Latrepirdine H1-Antihistamine Action'}",B
What process is Calcium involved in?,"{'A': 'Glutathione Metabolism', 'B': 'D-glyceric acidura', 'C': 'Bupranolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Citric Acid Cycle'}",C
What process is 5alpha-Cholestanone involved in?,"{'A': 'Tenofovir  Action Pathway', 'B': 'Cyclothiazide Action Pathway', 'C': 'Lornoxicam Action Pathway', 'D': 'Biochemical pathway'}",D
What process is Farnesyl pyrophosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Beta-Alanine Metabolism', 'B': 'Ibandronate Action Pathway', 'C': 'Netilmicin Action Pathway', 'D': 'Salicylate-sodium Action Pathway'}",B
What process is Calcium involved in?,"{'A': 'Hartnup Disorder', 'B': 'Excitatory Neural Signalling Through 5-HTR 7 and Serotonin', 'C': 'Fenethazine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Prostate cancer'}",C
What process is Mesaconic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Fatty acid metabolism', 'B': 'Olopatadine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Streptokinase Action Pathway', 'D': 'Tranexamic Acid Action Pathway'}",A
What process is alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Carfentanil Action Pathway', 'B': 'Lornoxicam Action Pathway', 'C': 'Cocaine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Biological process'}",D
What process is 5alpha-Tetrahydrocortisol involved in?,"{'A': 'Lamivudine  Action Pathway', 'B': 'Dimethylthiambutene Action Pathway', 'C': 'Lidocaine (Local Anaesthetic) Metabolism Pathway', 'D': 'Naturally occurring process'}",D
What process is Histamine involved in?,"{'A': 'Sotalol Action Pathway', 'B': 'Quifenadine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Irbesartan Action Pathway', 'D': 'Amiloride Action Pathway'}",B
What process is Uridine triphosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Gentamicin Action Pathway', 'B': 'Citalopram Action Pathway', 'C': 'Losartan Action Pathway', 'D': 'Fexofenadine H1-Antihistamine Action'}",A
What process is Potassium involved in?,"{'A': 'Amikacin Action Pathway', 'B': 'Inflammatory response', 'C': 'Isoprenaline Action Pathway', 'D': 'Ketorolac Action Pathway'}",C
"What process is 3a,7b,12a-Trihydroxyoxocholanyl-Glycine involved in?","{'A': 'Mebhydrolin H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Biochemical process', 'C': 'Sotalol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Epinastine H1-Antihistamine Action'}",B
What process is Methylmalonic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Ketone Body Metabolism', 'B': 'Naturally occurring process', 'C': 'Methylhistidine Metabolism', 'D': 'Pyridoxine dependency with seizures'}",B
What process is Adenosine triphosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Fc Epsilon Receptor I Signaling in Mast Cells', 'B': 'Codeine Metabolism Pathway', 'C': 'Butyrate Metabolism', 'D': 'Etoricoxib Action Pathway'}",C
What process is Capric acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Lipid metabolism pathway', 'B': 'Desloratadine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Inflammatory response', 'D': 'Cardiolipin Biosynthesis'}",A
What process is 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Lipid metabolism pathway', 'B': 'Pterine Biosynthesis', 'C': 'Didanosine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Loratadine H1-Antihistamine Action'}",A
What process is Epinephrine involved in?,"{'A': 'Methadone Metabolism Pathway', 'B': 'Alcaftadine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Biological process', 'D': 'Thiamine metabolism'}",C
What process is 2-Methoxyestradiol-3-methylether involved in?,"{'A': 'Salicylate-sodium Action Pathway', 'B': 'Cell signaling', 'C': 'Carnitine Synthesis', 'D': 'Nevirapine  Action Pathway'}",B
What process is 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone involved in?,"{'A': 'Fluoxetine Metabolism Pathway', 'B': 'Steroidogenesis', 'C': 'Adefovir Dipivoxil Metabolism Pathway', 'D': 'Caffeine metabolism'}",B
What process is Dopamine involved in?,"{'A': 'Zoledronate Action Pathway', 'B': 'Chloroprocaine Action Pathway', 'C': 'Esmolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Bisoprolol Action Pathway'}",B
What process is Ethylmalonic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Plasmalogen Synthesis', 'B': 'Caffeine metabolism', 'C': 'Naturally occurring process', 'D': 'Abacavir Action Pathway'}",C
What process is Glycoursodeoxycholic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Biological process', 'B': 'Asthma', 'C': 'Cardiolipin Biosynthesis', 'D': 'Dezocine Action Pathway'}",A
What process is Tetrahydrocortisone involved in?,"{'A': 'Telithromycin Action Pathway', 'B': 'Congenital Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia (CLAH) or Lipoid CAH', 'C': 'Venlafaxine Metabolism Pathway', 'D': 'Cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic'}",B
What process is Pyrophosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism', 'B': 'Quinapril Metabolism Pathway', 'C': 'Nebivolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Erlotinib Action Pathway'}",A
What process is Histamine involved in?,"{'A': 'Disulfiram Action Pathway', 'B': 'Inositol Metabolism', 'C': 'Cyclizine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Carprofen Action Pathway'}",C
What process is Phosphoenolpyruvic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Angiotensin Metabolism', 'B': 'Hartnup Disorder', 'C': 'Glycogenosis, Type IB', 'D': 'Bilastine H1-Antihistamine Action'}",C
What process is NADPH involved in?,"{'A': 'Excitatory Neural Signalling Through 5-HTR 6 and Serotonin', 'B': 'bile acid biosynthesis', 'C': 'Triprolidine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Hypophosphatasia'}",B
What process is Deoxyadenosine involved in?,"{'A': 'Furosemide Action Pathway', 'B': 'Fosinopril Action Pathway', 'C': 'Thioguanine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Tigecycline Action Pathway'}",C
What process is Epietiocholanolone involved in?,"{'A': 'Cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic', 'B': 'Flurbiprofen Action Pathway', 'C': 'Reproduction', 'D': 'Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy'}",C
What process is 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Dicoumarol Action Pathway', 'B': 'Biochemical pathway', 'C': 'ubiquinone biosynthesis', 'D': 'The oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate'}",B
What process is Cytidine involved in?,"{'A': 'Apoptosis', 'B': 'Anistreplase Action Pathway', 'C': 'Alpha Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid Metabolism', 'D': 'Naturally occurring process'}",D
What process is Taurochenodesoxycholic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Bumetanide Action Pathway', 'B': 'Cellular process', 'C': 'Bromfenac Action Pathway', 'D': 'Efavirenz Action Pathway'}",B
What process is Magnesium involved in?,"{'A': 'Oxaprozin Action Pathway', 'B': 'Cilazapril Metabolism Pathway', 'C': 'Necrosis', 'D': 'Ardeparin Action Pathway'}",A
What process is gamma-Aminobutyric acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Glutamate Metabolism', 'B': 'Excitatory Neural Signalling Through 5-HTR 6 and Serotonin', 'C': 'Quinidine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Procainamide (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway'}",A
What process is L-Threonine involved in?,"{'A': 'The oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate', 'B': 'Lymecycline Action Pathway', 'C': 'Nevirapine  Action Pathway', 'D': 'Fenoprofen Action Pathway'}",B
What process is Pimelic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Lamivudine  Action Pathway', 'B': 'Ramipril Action Pathway', 'C': 'Threonine and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation', 'D': 'Chemical reaction'}",D
What process is Taurochenodesoxycholic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Cetirizine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Bromfenac Action Pathway', 'C': 'Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II', 'D': 'Neomycin Action Pathway'}",C
What process is Dihydrouracil involved in?,"{'A': 'Naloxone Action Pathway', 'B': 'Naturally occurring process', 'C': 'Phenbenzamine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Doxorubicin Metabolism Pathway'}",B
What process is Potassium involved in?,"{'A': 'Lipid metabolism', 'B': 'Valproic Acid Metabolism Pathway', 'C': 'Oxomemazine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Mercaptopurine Action Pathway'}",D
What process is Deoxyuridine involved in?,"{'A': 'Gentamicin Action Pathway', 'B': 'Pamidronate Action Pathway', 'C': 'Vindesine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Biochemical pathway'}",D
What process is Xylulose 5-phosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Biochemical pathway', 'B': 'Ranitidine Action Pathway', 'C': 'Phospholipid metabolism', 'D': 'Tuberculosis'}",A
What process is Calcium involved in?,"{'A': 'Rilpivirine Action Pathway', 'B': 'Metolazone Action Pathway', 'C': 'Ammonia Recycling', 'D': 'Chlorphenoxamine H1-Antihistamine Action'}",D
What process is (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Teniposide Metabolism Pathway', 'B': 'Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation', 'C': 'Orphenadrine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Bilastine H1-Antihistamine Action'}",B
What process is NADP involved in?,"{'A': 'Lidocaine (Local Anaesthetic) Action Pathway', 'B': 'Brompheniramine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Ramipril Metabolism Pathway', 'D': 'Coagulation'}",A
What process is Cer(d18:1/23:0) involved in?,"{'A': 'Atenolol Action Pathway', 'B': 'Signal transduction', 'C': 'Bupivacaine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria'}",B
What process is NADP involved in?,"{'A': 'Salicylate-sodium Action Pathway', 'B': 'Enalapril Action Pathway', 'C': 'Nadolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Lipid peroxidation'}",A
"What process is 5a-Cholestane-3a,7a,12a,23,25-pentol involved in?","{'A': 'Loratadine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Spirapril Metabolism Pathway', 'C': 'Betahistine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Lipid metabolism pathway'}",D
What process is Histamine involved in?,"{'A': 'Multicellular process', 'B': 'Acrivastine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Vincristine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Clopidogrel Metabolism Pathway'}",B
What process is Pyrophosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Ximelagatran Action Pathway', 'B': 'Gastric Acid Production', 'C': 'Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle', 'D': 'phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis'}",D
What process is D-Glucose involved in?,"{'A': 'Lactose Synthesis', 'B': 'Nebivolol Action Pathway', 'C': 'Thioguanine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Insulin signaling pathway'}",A
What process is NAD involved in?,"{'A': 'Glycogenosis, Type IB', 'B': 'Tobramycin Action Pathway', 'C': 'Metipranolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Flurbiprofen Action Pathway'}",A
What process is Cer(d18:1/23:0) involved in?,"{'A': 'Procaine Action Pathway', 'B': 'Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2b and Adenosine', 'C': 'Streptomycin Action Pathway', 'D': 'Lipid metabolism'}",D
What process is Epitestosterone involved in?,"{'A': 'Chlorothiazide Action Pathway', 'B': 'Naturally occurring process', 'C': 'Nevirapine Metabolism Pathway', 'D': 'Teniposide Metabolism Pathway'}",B
What process is 3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Biological process', 'B': 'Cocaine Action Pathway', 'C': 'Bivalirudin Action Pathway', 'D': 'Sufentanil Action Pathway'}",A
What process is Potassium involved in?,"{'A': 'Triamterene Action Pathway', 'B': 'Adefovir Dipivoxil  Action Pathway', 'C': 'Naproxen Action Pathway', 'D': 'Tryptophan Metabolism'}",A
What process is Oleic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Metipranolol Action Pathway', 'B': 'Diphenoxylate Action Pathway', 'C': 'Cellular process', 'D': 'Ramipril Action Pathway'}",C
"What process is 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-[S-(R,R)]-butanoic acid involved in?","{'A': 'Lactose intolerance', 'B': 'Didanosine Action Pathway', 'C': 'Bisoprolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Chemical reaction'}",D
What process is Serotonin involved in?,"{'A': 'Chlorthalidone Action Pathway', 'B': 'Fentanyl Action Pathway', 'C': 'Alcaftadine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Suprofen Action Pathway'}",B
What process is 3-Hydroxytetradecanedioic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Biochemical process', 'B': 'Nizatidine Action Pathway', 'C': 'Morphine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Benzocaine Action Pathway'}",A
What process is Ornithine involved in?,"{'A': 'Chlorphenamine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Trandolapril Metabolism Pathway', 'C': 'Biochemical pathway', 'D': 'Glycogenosis, Type IC'}",C
What process is Dopamine involved in?,"{'A': 'Lidocaine (Local Anaesthetic) Action Pathway', 'B': 'Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II', 'C': 'Fatty acid metabolism', 'D': 'Adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked'}",A
What process is Testosterone involved in?,"{'A': 'Biochemical process', 'B': 'Bevantolol Action Pathway', 'C': 'Irinotecan Metabolism Pathway', 'D': 'Doxorubicin Metabolism Pathway'}",A
What process is Calcium involved in?,"{'A': 'Quinethazone Action Pathway', 'B': 'Vitamin K Metabolism', 'C': 'Mexiletine Action Pathway', 'D': 'Venlafaxine Metabolism Pathway'}",C
What process is Taurocholic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II', 'B': 'Gastric Acid Production', 'C': 'Ketobemidone  Action Pathway', 'D': 'Streptomycin Action Pathway'}",A
What process is L-Leucine involved in?,"{'A': 'Butyrate Metabolism', 'B': 'Emedastine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Naturally occurring process', 'D': 'Flurbiprofen Action Pathway'}",C
What process is L-Valine involved in?,"{'A': 'Minocycline Action Pathway', 'B': 'Codeine Metabolism Pathway', 'C': 'Homochlorcyclizine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'D': 'Perindopril Action Pathway'}",A
What process is Myristic acid involved in?,"{'A': 'Ramipril Action Pathway', 'B': 'Antazoline H1-Antihistamine Action', 'C': 'Nicotine Metabolism Pathway', 'D': 'Lipid metabolism'}",D
What process is Glycerol 3-phosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Histamine H1 Receptor Activation', 'B': 'Lipid transport', 'C': 'Tigecycline Action Pathway', 'D': 'Oxymorphone Action Pathway'}",B
What process is Pyrophosphate involved in?,"{'A': 'Lepirudin Action Pathway', 'B': 'Amikacin Action Pathway', 'C': 'Ketone Body Metabolism', 'D': 'Spirapril Action Pathway'}",B
"What process is 3a,17a-Dihydroxy-5b-androstane involved in?","{'A': 'Alimemazine H1-Antihistamine Action', 'B': 'Chemical reaction', 'C': 'Metoprolol Action Pathway', 'D': 'Methacycline Action Pathway'}",B
"What process is 5-Androstene-3b,16a,17a-triol involved in?","{'A': 'Amlodipine Action Pathway', 'B': 'Biochemical process', 'C': 'Phospholipid Biosynthesis', 'D': 'Fc Epsilon Receptor I Signaling in Mast Cells'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00001?,"{'A': '2.7.7.84', 'B': '2.4.1.94', 'C': '2.4.1.37', 'D': '1.14.13.50'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with R00132?,"{'A': '2.3.1.101', 'B': '4.2.1.1', 'C': '1.3.99.14', 'D': '2.1.1.87'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with Glycine?,"{'A': '2.6.1.94', 'B': '2.1.1.156', 'C': '1.1.1.228', 'D': '4.2.3.87'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with Adenosine triphosphate?,"{'A': '6.3.2.40', 'B': '2.4.1.230', 'C': '2.3.1.308', 'D': '1.1.1.184'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C00004?,"{'A': '2.3.1.218', 'B': '2.1.1.379', 'C': '1.14.15.8', 'D': '1.14.13.33'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C00009?,"{'A': '3.1.3.99', 'B': '2.7.11.18', 'C': '1.1.1.25', 'D': '2.4.2.8'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C03024?,"{'A': '1.14.19.64', 'B': '1.14.13.10', 'C': '3.2.1.207', 'D': '3.11.1.1'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with R08756?,"{'A': '3.2.1.184', 'B': '5.4.4.3', 'C': '3.2.1.50', 'D': '1.3.1.-'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C01226?,"{'A': '5.3.99.6', 'B': '1.13.11.60', 'C': '3.5.1.62', 'D': '1.1.1.104'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with R03344;?,"{'A': '1.14.13.8', 'B': '3.5.99.-', 'C': '1.3.8.12', 'D': '1.1.3.11'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C00011?,"{'A': '4.1.99.22', 'B': '1.14.19.55', 'C': '2.7.11.18', 'D': '3.6.1.75'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00001?,"{'A': '4.2.1.62', 'B': '2.4.1.240', 'C': '1.1.99.3', 'D': '1.14.11.48'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C12423?,"{'A': '5.5.1.23', 'B': '3.4.17.23', 'C': '1.14.13.33', 'D': '5.4.99.39'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with R00106?,"{'A': '1.14.-.-', 'B': '2.4.1.376', 'C': '1.6.2.4', 'D': '1.1.1.361'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C06382?,"{'A': '3.5.3.21', 'B': '2.6.1.41', 'C': '3.1.2.23', 'D': '1.16.8.-'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with Adenosine monophosphate?,"{'A': '1.3.1.25', 'B': '6.2.1.35', 'C': '3.2.1.37', 'D': '1.14.12.1'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with L-Alanine?,"{'A': '1.6.1.1', 'B': '2.3.2.6', 'C': '2.6.1.119', 'D': '3.2.2.7'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C18254?,"{'A': '2.3.3.14', 'B': '4.2.1.88', 'C': '2.4.2.25', 'D': '3.3.2.-'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C02538?,"{'A': '2.8.1.16', 'B': '2.5.1.138', 'C': '2.8.2.4', 'D': '2.7.1.196'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C00010?,"{'A': '4.2.3.164', 'B': '4.1.1.1', 'C': '2.3.1.206', 'D': '1.21.4.1'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C00013?,"{'A': '1.2.1.87', 'B': '4.2.3.97', 'C': '2.7.9.6', 'D': '1.14.20.11'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with R04143?,"{'A': '2.7.1.100', 'B': '2.7.7.39', 'C': '1.2.1.36', 'D': '2.1.1.-'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with (other)?,"{'A': '2.3.2.21', 'B': '2.1.1.11', 'C': '4.1.2.26', 'D': '2.5.1.65'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C00007?,"{'A': '3.1.3.32', 'B': '1.13.11.74', 'C': '4.4.1.19', 'D': '5.4.4.7'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with (other)?,"{'A': '4.4.1.2', 'B': '1.1.5.4', 'C': '1.2.1.63', 'D': '1.14.14.170'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00352?,"{'A': '2.7.1.1', 'B': '1.14.15.13', 'C': '3.2.1.35', 'D': '4.1.1.57'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C20629?,"{'A': '5.4.99.9', 'B': '2.7.1.200', 'C': '2.7.1.49', 'D': '2.1.1.284'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with Pyruvic acid?,"{'A': '2.5.1.125', 'B': '4.2.1.124', 'C': '4.4.1.-', 'D': '2.1.1.248'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C00047?,"{'A': '2.7.1.182', 'B': '4.2.3.126', 'C': '2.1.1.270', 'D': '6.3.2.20'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C00003?,"{'A': '2.6.1.62', 'B': '1.1.1.92', 'C': '2.5.1.75', 'D': '2.4.1.312'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C04144?,"{'A': '2.8.2.10', 'B': '2.4.1.117', 'C': '2.1.1.13', 'D': '2.4.1.389'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with (other)?,"{'A': '3.5.1.35', 'B': '1.14.14.77', 'C': '1.10.3.-', 'D': '4.2.3.110'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with Xanthosine 5-triphosphate?,"{'A': '3.6.1.73', 'B': '1.13.11.47', 'C': '3.5.1.125', 'D': '4.2.3.49'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C00011?,"{'A': '2.4.1.19', 'B': '2.4.1.50', 'C': '3.2.1.169', 'D': '1.14.19.52'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C21174?,"{'A': '2.4.1.269', 'B': '2.1.1.370', 'C': '5.1.3.1', 'D': '2.7.8.42'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C00080?,"{'A': '2.4.1.388', 'B': '2.4.2.29', 'C': '1.2.1.71', 'D': '1.8.2.2'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C00008?,"{'A': '6.3.5.7', 'B': '3.2.1.11', 'C': '1.3.99.28', 'D': '1.1.1.320'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with R13059?,"{'A': '1.1.1.320', 'B': '1.14.19.47', 'C': '1.1.1.376', 'D': '2.1.1.261'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C20624?,"{'A': '2.1.4.3', 'B': '7.1.1.4', 'C': '2.7.1.162', 'D': '2.4.1.214'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with NADPH?,"{'A': '1.1.99.7', 'B': '1.14.13.239', 'C': '2.3.1.142', 'D': '4.2.3.120'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with (other)?,"{'A': '1.14.11.51', 'B': '3.1.4.52', 'C': '3.1.3.52', 'D': '4.2.3.101'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with R01173?,"{'A': '4.1.99.12', 'B': '1.2.1.57', 'C': '1.2.1.100', 'D': '2.3.1.69'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C21994?,"{'A': '4.2.1.78', 'B': '2.7.8.43', 'C': '6.2.1.32', 'D': '1.14.19.76'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with R10245?,"{'A': '1.4.3.19', 'B': '1.13.-.-', 'C': '2.4.1.288', 'D': '2.4.2.45'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with R09386?,"{'A': '2.7.7.72', 'B': '2.4.1.-', 'C': '1.14.14.96', 'D': '1.1.1.15'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C16487?,"{'A': '3.8.1.7', 'B': '2.1.1.78', 'C': '5.3.3.3', 'D': '3.1.1.55'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with R01683?,"{'A': '1.13.11.3', 'B': '2.3.1.224', 'C': '1.5.1.23', 'D': '3.1.4.40'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with Cytidine monophosphate?,"{'A': '3.1.1.3', 'B': '2.4.99.15', 'C': '3.5.4.28', 'D': '1.1.1.113'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00021?,"{'A': '1.14.15.20', 'B': '4.2.2.1', 'C': '2.4.99.20', 'D': '2.1.1.159'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C19701?,"{'A': '2.8.4.1', 'B': '2.1.1.164', 'C': '4.4.1.41', 'D': '3.5.1.48'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C18275?,"{'A': '6.3.3.2', 'B': '1.14.12.-', 'C': '1.3.99.33', 'D': '1.14.11.31'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with R03325?,"{'A': '1.1.1.187', 'B': '2.3.1.217', 'C': '1.1.1.149', 'D': '2.3.3.5'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C02646?,"{'A': '2.7.1.43', 'B': '2.3.1.-', 'C': '1.1.1.190', 'D': '3.5.1.46'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C05908?,"{'A': '1.1.1.403', 'B': '2.6.99.1', 'C': '4.4.1.14', 'D': '1.3.1.77'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C00025?,"{'A': '1.14.14.184', 'B': '3.5.1.73', 'C': '1.2.1.70', 'D': '2.6.1.24'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with R02617;?,"{'A': '5.4.2.6', 'B': '2.7.7.4', 'C': '1.2.1.42', 'D': '2.3.1.15'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with R05284?,"{'A': '3.8.1.5', 'B': '5.4.99.37', 'C': '1.10.5.1', 'D': '4.1.1.51'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with R05191?,"{'A': '4.2.1.56', 'B': '2.4.1.43', 'C': '2.4.1.252', 'D': '4.3.1.30'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00060?,"{'A': '1.13.12.5', 'B': '3.5.1.122', 'C': '2.7.4.18', 'D': '3.1.1.26'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with R06218?,"{'A': '5.4.99.16', 'B': '1.1.1.260', 'C': '4.1.2.17', 'D': '2.6.1.37'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with R01745?,"{'A': '2.7.1.183', 'B': '1.1.1.60', 'C': '1.14.13.241', 'D': '2.1.1.246'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00003?,"{'A': '3.1.2.27', 'B': '3.1.1.20', 'C': '2.5.1.87', 'D': '1.3.1.14'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with 2-Ketobutyric acid?,"{'A': '2.7.1.8', 'B': '1.14.15.7', 'C': '3.1.3.7', 'D': '2.6.1.42'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with (other)?,"{'A': '3.2.1.190', 'B': '1.1.3.39', 'C': '2.3.1.208', 'D': '3.5.2.2'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C01011?,"{'A': '4.3.1.16', 'B': '4.2.1.78', 'C': '2.3.2.12', 'D': '4.2.1.56'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with NADPH?,"{'A': '3.1.3.82', 'B': '3.2.1.105', 'C': '3.1.3.101', 'D': '1.1.1.147'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C00013?,"{'A': '1.14.15.27', 'B': '4.2.3.171', 'C': '2.7.11.11', 'D': '2.6.3.1'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with >?,"{'A': '2.1.1.330', 'B': '3.1.3.83', 'C': '3.2.2.10', 'D': '3.2.1.113'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C14095?,"{'A': '5.3.99.-', 'B': '1.1.1.49', 'C': '6.3.4.16', 'D': '3.5.4.23'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with Adenosine monophosphate?,"{'A': '2.8.1.11', 'B': '1.3.1.95', 'C': '1.14.11.3', 'D': '1.1.1.3'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C12145?,"{'A': '1.14.19.29', 'B': '2.5.1.134', 'C': '4.2.2.2', 'D': '4.1.3.38'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C03161?,"{'A': '1.2.1.76', 'B': '1.14.18.12', 'C': '1.14.14.144', 'D': '1.16.8.-'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with R02597?,"{'A': '2.5.1.104', 'B': '2.7.8.23', 'C': '3.1.3.29', 'D': '1.14.99.57'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C00003?,"{'A': '2.6.1.63', 'B': '1.3.7.3', 'C': '1.3.1.125', 'D': '1.17.1.3'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C00013?,"{'A': '1.3.99.4', 'B': '2.4.1.327', 'C': '1.3.3.5', 'D': '2.5.1.107'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with R07297?,"{'A': '2.4.1.180', 'B': '3.1.3.5', 'C': '2.7.1.45', 'D': '3.2.1.46'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with R07296?,"{'A': '3.1.2.27', 'B': '4.1.2.19', 'C': '4.2.3.40', 'D': '2.5.1.52'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with NAD?,"{'A': '4.2.3.12', 'B': '2.6.1.4', 'C': '1.1.1.228', 'D': '2.6.1.11'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C00022?,"{'A': '4.1.3.3', 'B': '1.8.2.7', 'C': '5.4.3.6', 'D': '2.7.8.8'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C03201?,"{'A': '2.5.1.141', 'B': '1.14.14.171', 'C': '1.1.1.210', 'D': '2.7.8.2'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C02140?,"{'A': '1.14.11.80', 'B': '1.1.1.-', 'C': '2.7.11.22', 'D': '1.14.18.3'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C12318?,"{'A': '4.8.1.4', 'B': '2.6.1.-', 'C': '2.6.1.119', 'D': '2.3.1.220'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C21648?,"{'A': '2.4.1.299', 'B': '6.2.1.15', 'C': '2.1.1.343', 'D': '2.7.4.13'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C22395?,"{'A': '2.1.3.-', 'B': '6.3.4.25', 'C': '4.2.3.19', 'D': '3.5.1.60'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with NAD?,"{'A': '1.1.1.276', 'B': '1.1.1.410', 'C': '4.2.1.173', 'D': '1.10.3.1'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00028?,"{'A': '1.3.8.5', 'B': '2.4.1.156', 'C': '1.14.14.70', 'D': '1.21.3.4'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C22208?,"{'A': '2.4.1.333', 'B': '4.2.3.205', 'C': '4.2.3.136', 'D': '3.1.1.103'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with Pyruvic acid?,"{'A': '1.14.14.32', 'B': '4.1.1.112', 'C': '1.2.1.42', 'D': '1.3.1.68'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00083?,"{'A': '6.1.1.23', 'B': '2.4.1.321', 'C': '1.13.11.67', 'D': '2.3.1.240'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with C00022?,"{'A': '2.7.1.200', 'B': '2.3.1.252', 'C': '6.2.1.43', 'D': '4.4.1.15'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with R05810?,"{'A': '2.1.1.271', 'B': '1.3.1.93', 'C': '2.4.1.257', 'D': '1.14.13.236'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with Oxoglutaric acid?,"{'A': '1.17.1.10', 'B': '2.4.3.10', 'C': '1.14.11.37', 'D': '2.1.1.8'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with C11995?,"{'A': '1.17.1.1', 'B': '1.14.14.3', 'C': '1.14.15.33', 'D': '2.7.1.230'}",C
Which enzyme is associated with R00045;?,"{'A': '4.2.1.70', 'B': '2.4.1.326', 'C': '4.1.2.57', 'D': '1.14.18.1'}",D
Which enzyme is associated with R01483?,"{'A': '3.1.1.19', 'B': '1.14.11.10', 'C': '2.8.3.17', 'D': '3.4.19.9'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C16179?,"{'A': '1.14.19.37', 'B': '4.6.1.14', 'C': '4.4.1.1', 'D': '1.1.1.401'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with R12146?,"{'A': '1.1.1.414', 'B': '2.1.1.346', 'C': '1.3.99.5', 'D': '1.14.19.62'}",A
Which enzyme is associated with C21322?,"{'A': '3.7.1.12', 'B': '2.1.1.-', 'C': '1.14.13.20', 'D': '2.3.1.302'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00080?,"{'A': '4.1.2.14', 'B': '1.14.18.6', 'C': '1.14.19.62', 'D': '2.7.8.6'}",B
Which enzyme is associated with C00007?,"{'A': '3.6.1.14', 'B': '1.6.5.6', 'C': '1.14.14.15', 'D': '5.3.2.6'}",C
Which protein is Cyclic AMP related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP03164', 'B': 'HMDBP01123', 'C': 'HMDBP12006', 'D': 'HMDBP00804'}",B
Which protein is Calcium related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP02964', 'B': 'Q96RJ0', 'C': 'HMDBP01008', 'D': 'Q7Z650'}",C
Which protein is NAD related to?,"{'A': 'Q9Y253', 'B': 'HMDBP10475', 'C': 'HMDBP07982', 'D': 'HMDBP00883'}",D
Which protein is Calcium related to?,"{'A': 'O00268', 'B': 'P00374', 'C': 'P62955', 'D': 'HMDBP00720'}",C
Which protein is Adenosine triphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'Q16280', 'B': 'P35575', 'C': 'HMDBP01180', 'D': 'HMDBP07723'}",C
Which protein is Adenosine monophosphate related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07872', 'B': 'Q8IV77', 'C': 'HMDBP09031', 'D': 'P33121'}",D
Which protein is Formic acid related to?,"{'A': 'P31941', 'B': 'HMDBP00691', 'C': 'P08684', 'D': 'HMDBP10825'}",C
Which protein is Magnesium related to?,"{'A': 'Q8N5K1', 'B': 'Q8TCT1', 'C': 'Q00796', 'D': 'Q9NSD9'}",B
Which protein is Adenosine triphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'P23368', 'B': 'P0C7M7', 'C': 'Q15047', 'D': 'HMDBP00826'}",B
Which protein is Uridine 5'-diphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'P37173', 'B': 'P17858', 'C': 'HMDBP08051', 'D': 'Q9UHJ6'}",B
Which protein is Calcium related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP02176', 'B': 'HMDBP06250', 'C': 'P56856', 'D': 'Q53TN4'}",C
Which protein is Choline related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP02449', 'B': 'Q15102', 'C': 'P49585', 'D': 'O94766'}",C
Which protein is Deoxycorticosterone related to?,"{'A': 'Q9NP73', 'B': 'HMDBP00445', 'C': 'HMDBP07973', 'D': 'O14920'}",B
Which protein is Oxalacetic acid related to?,"{'A': 'P11717', 'B': 'HMDBP07605', 'C': 'Q99489', 'D': 'B0YJ76'}",C
Which protein is PA(16:0/16:0) related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP08817', 'B': 'Q5T749', 'C': 'Q7Z6Z7', 'D': 'Q16760'}",D
Which protein is Acetic acid related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP04023', 'B': 'HMDBP00812', 'C': 'HMDBP07710', 'D': 'Q96HD9'}",D
Which protein is Uridine 5'-diphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'P46952', 'B': 'HMDBP00111', 'C': 'HMDBP12056', 'D': 'P18074'}",B
Which protein is Farnesyl pyrophosphate related to?,"{'A': 'Q9Y5G3', 'B': 'Q9NR09', 'C': 'P14324', 'D': 'HMDBP01690'}",C
Which protein is NAD related to?,"{'A': 'O00217', 'B': 'P25090', 'C': 'HMDBP07806', 'D': 'P17643'}",A
Which protein is Propionylglycine related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07351', 'B': 'P12277', 'C': 'HMDBP01479', 'D': 'HMDBP00381'}",A
Which protein is NAD related to?,"{'A': 'Q8IZ52', 'B': 'HMDBP01487', 'C': 'Q9Y3I0', 'D': 'HMDBP00297'}",D
Which protein is Aminoadipic acid related to?,"{'A': 'Q9NRN7', 'B': 'Q9Y5X9', 'C': 'A6NMY6', 'D': 'Q15751'}",A
Which protein is Ammonia related to?,"{'A': 'A7KAX9', 'B': 'Q9H310', 'C': 'P05129', 'D': 'HMDBP00006'}",B
Which protein is L-Asparagine related to?,"{'A': 'Q8N5K1', 'B': 'P04155', 'C': 'HMDBP07257', 'D': 'HMDBP01466'}",C
Which protein is Uracil related to?,"{'A': 'Q15858', 'B': 'HMDBP05442', 'C': 'HMDBP00364', 'D': 'Q16831'}",D
Which protein is Isopropyl alcohol related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP11899', 'B': 'HMDBP10642', 'C': 'HMDBP00538', 'D': 'HMDBP02794'}",B
Which protein is Stearic acid related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07260', 'B': 'Q8NHY0', 'C': 'HMDBP07916', 'D': 'HMDBP03160'}",D
Which protein is Glucosylsphingosine related to?,"{'A': 'P37287', 'B': 'Q53FZ2', 'C': 'O43581', 'D': 'HMDBP07691'}",A
Which protein is N-Glycoloylganglioside GM1 related to?,"{'A': 'P53671', 'B': 'HMDBP02675', 'C': 'HMDBP08752', 'D': 'P30939'}",B
Which protein is Androstenedione related to?,"{'A': 'Q86VW1', 'B': 'Q9NSC7', 'C': 'HMDBP01566', 'D': 'HMDBP03310'}",C
Which protein is N-Glycoloylganglioside GM2 related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07847', 'B': 'HMDBP08212', 'C': 'Q92521', 'D': 'HMDBP01172'}",C
Which protein is Ethanol related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07845', 'B': 'HMDBP01534', 'C': 'Q9QC07', 'D': 'Q02930'}",A
Which protein is Cer(d18:1/23:0) related to?,"{'A': 'P05546', 'B': 'Q8N1C3', 'C': 'Q8TEQ8', 'D': 'HMDBP09280'}",C
Which protein is Palmitic acid related to?,"{'A': 'Q92551', 'B': 'Q8WUM9', 'C': 'Q86XP0', 'D': 'P31327'}",C
Which protein is Magnesium related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP01086', 'B': 'O76064', 'C': 'HMDBP00222', 'D': 'HMDBP00637'}",A
Which protein is Tetrahydrobiopterin related to?,"{'A': 'P30793', 'B': 'HMDBP00058', 'C': 'HMDBP01470', 'D': 'HMDBP00611'}",A
Which protein is Ammonia related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP10642', 'B': 'P31941', 'C': 'HMDBP00498', 'D': 'HMDBP00089'}",B
Which protein is Guanine related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP00844', 'B': 'HMDBP09198', 'C': 'Q9H2U1', 'D': 'Q5T1C6'}",A
Which protein is Pyrophosphate related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP11575', 'B': 'HMDBP06837', 'C': 'Q9BZ72', 'D': 'HMDBP03011'}",A
Which protein is Butyric acid related to?,"{'A': 'Q15493', 'B': 'HMDBP00609', 'C': 'HMDBP04188', 'D': 'HMDBP01599'}",C
Which protein is Calcium related to?,"{'A': 'Q14574', 'B': 'HMDBP01201', 'C': 'HMDBP09330', 'D': 'HMDBP00070'}",A
Which protein is Uridine 5'-diphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP04455', 'B': 'Q9UBX8', 'C': 'HMDBP11614', 'D': 'HMDBP00596'}",B
Which protein is Formic acid related to?,"{'A': 'Q71UV7', 'B': 'HMDBP10989', 'C': 'Q9H490', 'D': 'HMDBP00558'}",D
Which protein is Ammonia related to?,"{'A': 'P07311', 'B': 'HMDBP03150', 'C': 'HMDBP07619', 'D': 'HMDBP00657'}",D
Which protein is Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate related to?,"{'A': 'Q7LFX5', 'B': 'HMDBP08861', 'C': 'P32238', 'D': 'Q06203'}",D
Which protein is Chloride ion related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP00842', 'B': 'HMDBP00693', 'C': 'HMDBP07425', 'D': 'HMDBP11637'}",C
Which protein is Magnesium related to?,"{'A': 'Q8IUF8', 'B': 'Q9Y2S0', 'C': 'P13995', 'D': 'Q92696'}",C
Which protein is PS(16:0/16:0) related to?,"{'A': 'A0PG75', 'B': 'HMDBP08241', 'C': 'HMDBP00120', 'D': 'Q9NZ71'}",A
Which protein is Fe2+ related to?,"{'A': 'Q8TF76', 'B': 'Q8NEZ4', 'C': 'HMDBP00647', 'D': 'HMDBP00191'}",D
Which protein is Cyclic AMP related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP02902', 'B': 'P43003', 'C': 'O60240', 'D': 'P48201'}",C
Which protein is Adenosine triphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP11693', 'B': 'O43581', 'C': 'HMDBP07595', 'D': 'HMDBP01860'}",A
Which protein is Isoallolithocholic acid related to?,"{'A': 'P27216', 'B': 'HMDBP02550', 'C': 'HMDBP07421', 'D': 'Q9P109'}",B
Which protein is Calcium related to?,"{'A': 'P47944', 'B': 'Q96NX5', 'C': 'Q99500', 'D': 'HMDBP09070'}",B
Which protein is Oxalacetic acid related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP09515', 'B': 'HMDBP00010', 'C': 'Q8WZA1', 'D': 'HMDBP07466'}",B
Which protein is Magnesium related to?,"{'A': 'Q9GZQ6', 'B': 'P50336', 'C': 'Q92911', 'D': 'Q13609'}",D
Which protein is 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol glucuronide related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07348', 'B': 'HMDBP00742', 'C': 'Q9H3Z4', 'D': 'Q9H773'}",A
Which protein is Adenosine triphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'Q8IU85', 'B': 'P12429', 'C': 'P33991', 'D': 'B2WTI4'}",C
Which protein is D-Mannose related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP01246', 'B': 'P10266', 'C': 'HMDBP00742', 'D': 'HMDBP00839'}",D
Which protein is Glucaric acid related to?,"{'A': 'O75084', 'B': 'HMDBP09179', 'C': 'P19224', 'D': 'HMDBP08007'}",C
Which protein is Isohyodeoxycholic acid related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07839', 'B': 'HMDBP09119', 'C': 'HMDBP10800', 'D': 'HMDBP00981'}",B
Which protein is L-Alanine related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP00151', 'B': 'P19174', 'C': 'HMDBP11710', 'D': 'HMDBP03592'}",D
Which protein is NAD related to?,"{'A': 'P03901', 'B': 'HMDBP01231', 'C': 'Q6NWU0', 'D': 'Q6IQ20'}",A
Which protein is Calcium related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP00968', 'B': 'HMDBP07333', 'C': 'P00918', 'D': 'Q9UGM3'}",D
Which protein is Dihydroneopterin triphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'Q9Y283', 'B': 'Q32MK0', 'C': 'P05186', 'D': 'Q92800'}",C
Which protein is TG(10:0/10:0/10:0) related to?,"{'A': 'P14151', 'B': 'Q3SYC2', 'C': 'O75452', 'D': 'HMDBP09269'}",B
Which protein is Potassium related to?,"{'A': 'Q14164', 'B': 'HMDBP08759', 'C': 'P07311', 'D': 'HMDBP01416'}",D
Which protein is Stearic acid related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP00553', 'B': 'Q96HT3', 'C': 'HMDBP10765', 'D': 'Q8N4Q0'}",A
Which protein is Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP00935', 'B': 'HMDBP09372', 'C': 'P48051', 'D': 'HMDBP09013'}",A
Which protein is Sphingosine related to?,"{'A': 'Q96SZ5', 'B': 'HMDBP11732', 'C': 'HMDBP00853', 'D': 'HMDBP02675'}",D
Which protein is D-Mannose related to?,"{'A': 'Q9UBS0', 'B': 'P07101', 'C': 'P09871', 'D': 'HMDBP08178'}",D
Which protein is L-Glutamic acid related to?,"{'A': 'P21675', 'B': 'Q9BUF5', 'C': 'Q9H252', 'D': 'HMDBP01952'}",D
Which protein is Adenosine triphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'P31513', 'B': 'O15318', 'C': 'HMDBP00066', 'D': 'A6ND01'}",B
Which protein is Hydrogen carbonate related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP11801', 'B': 'O95677', 'C': 'O95295', 'D': 'P07451'}",D
Which protein is Hydrogen carbonate related to?,"{'A': 'P06028', 'B': 'Q9HC56', 'C': 'Q7LBE3', 'D': 'P54317'}",C
Which protein is Calcium related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP09121', 'B': 'Q8IXL6', 'C': 'HMDBP07330', 'D': 'HMDBP08810'}",B
Which protein is Ethanol related to?,"{'A': 'O95900', 'B': 'HMDBP00018', 'C': 'HMDBP09170', 'D': 'HMDBP10857'}",D
Which protein is NADP related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP02592', 'B': 'HMDBP11986', 'C': 'HMDBP06649', 'D': 'Q6UB35'}",D
Which protein is Ethanol related to?,"{'A': 'Q9UH17', 'B': 'Q7L5N7', 'C': 'HMDBP08199', 'D': 'Q13976'}",C
Which protein is Fe2+ related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP00108', 'B': 'Q99570', 'C': 'HMDBP02961', 'D': 'HMDBP00636'}",A
Which protein is Sodium related to?,"{'A': 'Q8TF71', 'B': 'P41231', 'C': 'P36969', 'D': 'HMDBP07659'}",A
Which protein is L-Glutamine related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP08707', 'B': 'Q0D2Q6', 'C': 'O60909', 'D': 'O43548'}",D
Which protein is Taurine related to?,"{'A': 'P23415', 'B': 'HMDBP01294', 'C': 'P22557', 'D': 'HMDBP11715'}",A
Which protein is Cholic acid related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP02040', 'B': 'Q13467', 'C': 'HMDBP09285', 'D': 'O43772'}",A
Which protein is Adenosine triphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP00724', 'B': 'Q9NVM4', 'C': 'O00148', 'D': 'A0AV02'}",C
Which protein is PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07338', 'B': 'HMDBP02489', 'C': 'Q96JQ0', 'D': 'HMDBP10837'}",A
Which protein is Dopamine related to?,"{'A': 'Q7RTT9', 'B': 'HMDBP07553', 'C': 'O75688', 'D': 'Q9NYW0'}",B
Which protein is Caproic acid related to?,"{'A': 'Q52WX2', 'B': 'Q12851', 'C': 'Q53FZ2', 'D': 'Q16880'}",C
Which protein is Magnesium related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07994', 'B': 'HMDBP09176', 'C': 'HMDBP01644', 'D': 'HMDBP07962'}",C
Which protein is Ursodeoxycholic acid related to?,"{'A': 'Q05655', 'B': 'HMDBP09202', 'C': 'Q12908', 'D': 'HMDBP07991'}",C
Which protein is Adenosine monophosphate related to?,"{'A': 'P30085', 'B': 'Q99496', 'C': 'Q7Z3E1', 'D': 'HMDBP01075'}",B
Which protein is Valproic acid glucuronide related to?,"{'A': 'Q9Y2P5', 'B': 'Q9Y5H1', 'C': 'P22309', 'D': 'HMDBP10985'}",C
Which protein is Pantothenic acid related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP01024', 'B': 'O00442', 'C': 'HMDBP01588', 'D': 'P17612'}",A
Which protein is Adenosine monophosphate related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP08251', 'B': 'HMDBP00709', 'C': 'HMDBP00644', 'D': 'Q53GD3'}",C
Which protein is Adenosine triphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP11005', 'B': 'HMDBP07916', 'C': 'HMDBP08792', 'D': 'P28161'}",A
Which protein is S-Adenosylhomocysteine related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP01839', 'B': 'Q32P41', 'C': 'HMDBP08767', 'D': 'HMDBP01893'}",B
Which protein is Calcium related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP07688', 'B': 'Q59H88', 'C': 'HMDBP00353', 'D': 'HMDBP09438'}",A
Which protein is Calcium related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP11928', 'B': 'HMDBP07715', 'C': 'O00142', 'D': 'HMDBP01171'}",B
Which protein is NADPH related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP01675', 'B': 'Q53TN4', 'C': 'HMDBP01142', 'D': 'HMDBP01788'}",D
Which protein is Norepinephrine related to?,"{'A': 'Q9UIK4', 'B': 'A0N0X8', 'C': 'O15245', 'D': 'Q9BUQ8'}",C
Which protein is Adenosine triphosphate related to?,"{'A': 'HMDBP08073', 'B': 'HMDBP01305', 'C': 'P31645', 'D': 'HMDBP08053'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Arabinonic acid?,"{'A': 'OC(CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC(O)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C(OC)=C3', 'C': 'OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O', 'D': 'OC(=O)\\C=C/C(O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Galactose 1-phosphate?,"{'A': 'NC1=NC2=C(N=CN2[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C(=O)N1', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O', 'D': 'OC1CCC(CC(O)=O)CC1'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of N-Butyrylglycine?,"{'A': 'CN1CC(=O)NC1=N', 'B': 'C[C@H](CCC(O)=NCC(O)=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](O)C[C@@H]4C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3C[C@H](O)[C@]12C', 'C': 'CCCC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'D': 'CCO'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of myo-Inositol?,"{'A': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H](C[C@@H]1O)N1C=CC(=O)NC1=O', 'B': 'O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)C[C@@]2([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])CC(=O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Pelargonic acid?,"{'A': 'N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O', 'B': 'COC1=C(O)C=CC(=C1)[C@H](O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'O=C1NC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC(=O)N2', 'D': 'CCCCCCCCC(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Serotonin?,"{'A': 'OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCN1', 'B': 'C[C@H](O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(O)C=C2', 'D': 'OC(=O)\\C=C\\C1=CNC=N1'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of 2-Methylbutyrylglycine?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])\\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\\C=C1\\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C)[C@H](C)\\C=C\\[C@H](C)C(C)C', 'B': 'NCCC(O)=O', 'C': 'CCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(O)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C', 'D': 'CCC(C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of 4-Methylcatechol?,"{'A': 'CC(C)=CC(O)=O', 'B': 'CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1', 'C': 'O=C1NC=CC(=O)N1', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2CC(CC[C@]12C)OS(O)(=O)=O'}",B
"What is the SMILES notation of 7Z,10Z-Hexadecadienoic acid?","{'A': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])CC(=O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O', 'B': 'OS(O)=O', 'C': 'CCCCC\\C=C/C\\C=C/CCCCCC(O)=O', 'D': 'CC(O)C(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]1NC(C)=O)C(O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of 3b-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O', 'D': 'OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Elaidic acid?,"{'A': 'CCCCCCCC\\C=C\\CCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'B': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(O)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C', 'C': 'C[C@]12CCC3C(CCC4C[C@H](O)CC[C@]34C)C1CC[C@H]2O', 'D': 'CN1C=NC=C1C[C@H](NC(=O)CCN)C(O)=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of (S)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid?,"{'A': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'B': 'C[C@H](O)CC(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CCC([C@@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]2([H])[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'COC1=C(O)C=CC(CC(O)=O)=C1'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Propionylglycine?,"{'A': 'CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': 'NC1=NC=NC2=C1NC(O)=N2', 'D': 'C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O'}",A
"What is the SMILES notation of 3b,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@@H](O)C[C@@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'C[N+](C)(C)CCOP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'C[C@H](O)CC(O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Cholest-5-ene?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@H](CC[C@]12C)OS(O)(=O)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C3', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2CCCC[C@]12C', 'D': 'NCCCN'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of L-Leucine?,"{'A': 'CCC(O)C(O)C(O)=O', 'B': '[Cl-]', 'C': 'CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O', 'D': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of 16-Oxoandrostenediol?,"{'A': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'B': 'CCCC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'C': 'OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1', 'D': 'C[C@]12CCC3C(CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]34C)C1CC(=O)[C@@H]2O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Maleic acid?,"{'A': 'CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O', 'B': 'OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'OC(=O)\\C=C/C(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Traumatic acid?,"{'A': 'OC(=O)CCC1=C(CC(O)=O)/C2=C/C3=N/C(=C\\C4=C(CCC(O)=O)C(CC(O)=O)=C(N4)/C=C4\\N=C(\\C=C\\1/N\\2)C(CC(O)=O)=C4CCC(O)=O)/C(CC(O)=O)=C3CCC(O)=O', 'B': 'CC[C@H](C)C(=O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'OC(=O)CCCCCCCC\\C=C\\C(O)=O', 'D': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Vitamin A?,"{'A': 'NC1=NC(=O)C2=NC(=CNC2=N1)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO', 'B': 'N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O', 'C': 'C\\C(=C/CO)\\C=C\\C=C(/C)\\C=C\\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C', 'D': 'NCCCC[C@H](N(O)C1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Copper?,"{'A': 'CCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(O)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C', 'B': '[Cu++]', 'C': 'OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Histamine?,"{'A': 'OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'B': 'C1=CC=NC=C1', 'C': 'NCCC1=CNC=N1', 'D': 'O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O'}",C
"What is the SMILES notation of 3a,7a-Dihydroxycholanoic acid?","{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)CC2C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'C[C@]12CCC3C(CCC4C[C@H](O)CC[C@]34C)C1CC[C@H]2O', 'C': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O', 'D': 'C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(O)=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Uridine diphosphate glucose?,"{'A': 'C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O', 'B': 'C[C@H](O)C(=O)C1=NC2=C(NC1)NC(N)=NC2=O', 'C': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Creatine?,"{'A': 'OC(=O)\\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1', 'B': 'CN(CC(O)=O)C(N)=N', 'C': 'CCCCCC(O)=O', 'D': 'CN(C)CC(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of 2-Furoic acid?,"{'A': 'OC(=O)C1=CC=CO1', 'B': 'N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'CC1CCCC(=O)O1', 'D': 'CC(C)CC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Methyl hippurate?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CCC([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])C(=O)C=C2CC(O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'CCC(CO)C(O)=O', 'C': 'COC(=O)CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1', 'D': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Alpha-Tetrasaccharide?,"{'A': 'C[C@H](CO)C(O)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@](O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@]2([H])O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H]1O[C@]1([H])O[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@@H](O)C[C@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'OC(=O)CC[C@H](NC=N)C(O)=O'}",B
"What is the SMILES notation of 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid?","{'A': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1C(O)=O', 'B': 'OC(=O)C1CC(=O)NC(=O)N1', 'C': '[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': '[H][C@@](C)(CNC(=O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2([H])N([Co]C#N)\\C1=C(C)/C1=N/C(=C\\C3=N\\C(=C(C)/C4=N[C@]2(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]4CCC(N)=O)\\[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]3CCC(N)=O)/C(C)(C)[C@@H]1CCC(N)=O)OP(O)(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]([C@@H]1O)N1C=NC2=CC(C)=C(C)C=C12'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid?,"{'A': 'O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)C(O)=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)N1C=CC(=O)NC1=O', 'B': 'NC(=O)C1=C[N+](=CC=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O', 'C': 'O[C@H](CCCC(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'D': 'CC(C)(O)CC(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Xanthosine?,"{'A': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(O)N=C2O', 'B': 'N[C@@H](CCCC[N+]1=CC(CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=C(CCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=C1)C(O)=O', 'C': 'O=C1CCCO1', 'D': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of 2-Isopropylmalic acid?,"{'A': 'CC(C)[C@@](O)(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@]2([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'D': 'CC(C)C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of NADPH?,"{'A': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C(OC)=C3', 'C': 'NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O', 'D': 'OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Citramalic acid?,"{'A': 'CC(O)(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'B': 'COC(=O)CCCC(O)=O', 'C': 'CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'D': 'C[C@]12C[C@H](O)C3C(CCC4C[C@H](O)CC[C@]34C)C1CC[C@]2(O)C(=O)CO'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Glycoursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(O)N=C2O', 'B': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of N-Glycoloylganglioside GM2?,"{'A': 'OC=O', 'B': 'CNCC(O)=O', 'C': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@]2([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Dihydrothymine?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])C[C@H](O)C2C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': '[H][C@@]12COP(O)(=O)O[C@@]1([H])[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N', 'C': 'C[C@H]1CNC(=O)NC1=O', 'D': 'OC(=O)CNC(=O)CC=C'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Capric acid?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])C3=CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)\\C=C\\[C@H](C)C(C)C', 'B': 'CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'C': 'OC(=O)CC(=O)C(O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Thyroxine?,"{'A': 'CC(=O)N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'B': 'C[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)CC(O)=O', 'C': 'N[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])C=CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Isobutyryl-L-carnitine?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)C(C)(C)O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)CC2C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O', 'C': 'CC(C)C(=O)O[C@H](CC(O)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C', 'D': '[H]O[C@@H]1O[C@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O)[C@H]1NC(C)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Docosanamide?,"{'A': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': 'OC(=O)CNC(=O)CC=C', 'D': '[H][C@]12CCC3C4CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O)[C@@]4(C)[C@@H](O)CC3[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](O)C2'}",A
"What is the SMILES notation of 3b,12a-Dihydroxy-5a-cholanoic acid?","{'A': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)(C)O', 'B': 'CC(C)O', 'C': 'CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Hemin?,"{'A': 'CC1=C(CCC(O)=O)C2=CC3=[N]4C(=CC5=C(C)C(C=C)=C6C=C7C(C)=C(C=C)C8=[N]7[Fe]4(Cl)(N2C1=C8)N56)C(C)=C3CCC(O)=O', 'B': 'CC(=O)C(=O)[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)N1C=CC(=O)NC1=O)[C@H](O)CO', 'C': 'CCCCCCC(O)=O', 'D': 'C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C1=NC2=C(NC1)NC(N)=NC2=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Oenanthic ether?,"{'A': 'CCCCCCC(=O)OCC', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)C(C)(C)O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)CC2C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': 'OS(=O)(=O)OC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC=C4C[C@H](CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\\C=C/CCCCCC)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of L-3-Phenyllactic acid?,"{'A': 'CC[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O', 'B': 'O[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O', 'C': 'N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSCC(N)C(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'D': 'CCCCCCCCC[C@H](O)CC(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of 4-Deoxyerythronic acid?,"{'A': 'OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O', 'B': 'CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C', 'C': 'C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O', 'D': 'OC1CCC(CC(O)=O)CC1'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Magnesium?,"{'A': 'CCCCC\\C=C/C\\C=C/CCCCCC(O)=O', 'B': 'CCCCCCCC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CCC([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@]2([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': '[Mg++]'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Taurodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12C[C@H](O)C(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H]3NC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@]3(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)C(O3)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C(O)=O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@H](O)\\C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Taurallocholic acid?,"{'A': 'CCCCCCCC\\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'B': 'CC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'C': 'O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(O)N=C2O', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of 3-Methylcrotonylglycine?,"{'A': 'C[C@@H](O)CCCC(O)=O', 'B': 'OC[C@@H](O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'D': 'CC(C)=CC(=O)NCC(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Propyl alcohol?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12C[C@H](O)C(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'CCCO', 'C': 'CC(C)(CO)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O', 'D': '[Cl-]'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of CE(16:1(9Z))?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC=C4C[C@H](CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\\C=C/CCCCCC)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C', 'B': 'OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O', 'C': 'CCC(=O)C(O)=O', 'D': 'N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Citraconic acid?,"{'A': '[H][C@@](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC', 'B': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)\\C=C\\[C@@H](CC)C(C)C', 'C': '[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'C\\C(=C\\C(O)=O)C(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of 5beta-Coprostanol?,"{'A': 'CC1=C(C)C=C2N(C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C3=NC(=O)NC(=O)C3=NC2=C1', 'B': 'OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1', 'C': 'O[C@H]1CC[C@H](CC(O)=O)CC1', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of 2-Octenoic acid?,"{'A': 'COC1=CC=C(CC(O)=O)C=C1OC', 'B': 'OC(=O)CC(=O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'CCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(O)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C', 'D': 'CCCCC\\C=C/C(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Farnesyl pyrophosphate?,"{'A': 'CC(C)=CCC\\C(C)=C\\CC\\C(C)=C\\COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O', 'B': 'CC(=O)N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(O)=O'}",A
"What is the SMILES notation of 3b,7a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'CC(C)CC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'C': 'NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2', 'D': 'N[C@@H](CCCC[N+]1=CC(CC[C@H](N)C([O-])=O)=C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=C1)C(O)=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Fe2+?,"{'A': 'OC(=O)C(=C)OP(O)(O)=O', 'B': '[Fe++]', 'C': 'C[C@H](O)CC(O)=O', 'D': 'N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of N-Acetyl-9-O-lactoylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O', 'B': 'CC(O)C(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]1NC(C)=O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'OC(=O)CC(O)=O', 'D': 'OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Stigmasterol?,"{'A': 'C1=CC=NC=C1', 'B': 'OC(=O)CCCC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12C[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)C1CC[C@]3(C)[C@H](CCC3C1[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)\\C=C\\[C@@H](CC)C(C)C'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of NADP?,"{'A': 'CCC(O)=O', 'B': 'O=C1CCNC(=O)N1', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'NC(=O)C1=C[N+](=CC=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Alpha-Lactose?,"{'A': 'CC(C(O)=O)C(O)(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'B': 'OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1', 'C': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O', 'D': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Homogentisic acid?,"{'A': 'OC(=O)CCC1=CC(O)=CC=C1', 'B': 'C[C@H](CO)C(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O', 'D': 'OC(=O)CC1=C(O)C=CC(O)=C1'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Hyocholic acid?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]2([H])C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C[C@]12C', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CCC([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@]2([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': 'COC1=CC(=CC=C1O)C(O)CN', 'D': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Taurochenodesoxycholic acid?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C=CC(=O)NC1=O', 'C': 'CC(=O)CC(=O)CCC(O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Formic acid?,"{'A': 'OC=O', 'B': 'CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C(O)=O', 'C': 'O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)C(O)=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)N1C=CC(=O)NC1=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Hydroxykynurenine?,"{'A': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(O)N=C2O', 'B': 'C[C@H](CCC(O)C(C)(C)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([H])\\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\\C=C1\\C[C@H](O)CCC1=C', 'C': 'NC(CC(=O)C1=C(N)C(O)=CC=C1)C(O)=O', 'D': 'N[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O'}",C
"What is the SMILES notation of 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D?","{'A': 'NC1=NC(O)=NC2=C1NC=N2', 'B': 'CCC(O)C(O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'COC1=C(O)C=C(\\C=C\\C(O)=O)C=C1', 'D': 'C[C@H](CCC(O)C(C)(C)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([H])\\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\\C=C1\\C[C@H](O)CCC1=C'}",D
"What is the SMILES notation of 5,6-Dihydrouridine?","{'A': 'CC(C)CC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'B': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1CCC(=O)NC1=O', 'C': 'OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'D': 'CC1=C(CCC(O)=O)/C2=C/C3=N/C(=C\\C4=C(C)C(CCC(O)=O)=C(N4)/C=C4\\N=C(\\C=C\\1/N\\2)C(C)=C4CCC(O)=O)/C(C)=C3CCC(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of L-Arginine?,"{'A': 'C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1=NC2=C(NC(N)=NC2=O)N=C1', 'B': 'O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'C': 'N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Allopurinol riboside?,"{'A': 'O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O[C@@H]1COP(O)(O)=O', 'B': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1N=CC2=C1NC=NC2=O', 'C': 'C[C@H](CCC(O)C(C)(C)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([H])\\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\\C=C1\\C[C@H](O)CCC1=C', 'D': 'NC(=N)NCC(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Quinaldic acid?,"{'A': 'CCCC(=O)CC', 'B': 'OC(=O)C1=NC2=C(C=CC=C2)C=C1', 'C': '[Ca++]', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Rhamnose?,"{'A': 'CC(C)(CO)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O', 'B': 'OC(=O)CCC1=C(CC(O)=O)/C2=C/C3=N/C(=C\\C4=C(CCC(O)=O)C(CC(O)=O)=C(N4)/C=C4\\N=C(\\C=C\\1/N\\2)C(CCC(O)=O)=C4CC(O)=O)/C(CC(O)=O)=C3CCC(O)=O', 'C': 'C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of 12a-Hydroxy-3-oxocholadienic acid?,"{'A': 'C[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C1CCC2C3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]4(C)C3C[C@H](O)[C@]12C', 'B': 'NCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1', 'C': 'CCCC(O)=O', 'D': 'CCCC(CCC)C(=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=O'}",A
"What is the SMILES notation of 3a,7b,12b-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'N[C@@H](CCCC[N+]1=CC(CC[C@H](N)C([O-])=O)=C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=C1)C(O)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@@H](O)C[C@]2([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': 'CC1=C(CCC(O)=O)/C2=C/C3=N/C(=C\\C4=C(C)C(CCC(O)=O)=C(N4)/C=C4\\N=C(\\C=C\\1/N\\2)C(CCC(O)=O)=C4C)/C(CCC(O)=O)=C3C', 'D': 'CC(C)CC(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of D-Ribulose 5-phosphate?,"{'A': 'C[N+]1=CC=CC(=C1)C([O-])=O', 'B': 'OCC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O', 'C': 'CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CC(O)=O', 'D': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Uridine 5'-diphosphate?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@]2([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]1COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=CC(=O)NC1=O', 'C': 'N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=O)C(O)=O', 'D': 'OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)NC(=O)N1'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Monomethyl glutaric acid?,"{'A': 'CN', 'B': 'COC(=O)CCCC(O)=O', 'C': 'CCCC(=O)CC', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@@]2([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12C'}",B
"What is the SMILES notation of 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid?","{'A': 'C\\C(=C/C(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'B': 'CC[C@H](O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'OC(CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Glycerophosphocholine?,"{'A': 'C[C@]12CCC3C(CCC4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]34C)C1CC[C@@H]2O', 'B': 'NC1=NC(O)=NC2=C1NC=N2', 'C': 'C[N+](C)(C)CCOP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO', 'D': 'CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CC(O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Phenyllactic acid?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C3', 'D': 'OC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Glycocholic acid?,"{'A': 'C[C@H](CCC(O)=NCC(O)=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](O)C[C@@H]4C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3C[C@H](O)[C@]12C', 'B': 'NCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O', 'C': 'CCCC(CCC)C(=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@@]2([H])CC(=O)CC[C@]12C'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Epitestosterone?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'C': 'CCC1=C(C)/C2=C/C3=N/C(=C\\C4=C(CCC(O)=O)C(CC(O)=O)=C(N4)/C=C4\\N=C(\\C=C\\1/N\\2)C(C)=C4CCC(O)=O)/C(CCC(O)=O)=C3C', 'D': 'CC(=O)CC(=O)CCC(O)=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of D-Biopterin?,"{'A': 'C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1=CNC2=NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=N1', 'B': '[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@@H](C[C@]4([H])C[C@@H](CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)OS(O)(=O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O', 'C': 'NC[C@H](O)CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O', 'D': 'CC(C)(O)C(O)=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of 3b-Allotetrahydrocortisol?,"{'A': 'CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1NC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O', 'B': 'NCCS(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'COC1=CC(=CC=C1O)C(O)CN'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of L-Cysteinylglycine disulfide?,"{'A': 'NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O', 'B': 'NCCS(O)(=O)=O', 'C': 'N[C@@H](CSSCC(N)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'D': 'CC(=O)N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Indoxyl sulfate?,"{'A': 'CCCCCCCC\\C=C\\CCCC(O)=O', 'B': 'C[C@H](CO)C(O)=O', 'C': 'NC1=C(C=CC=C1)C(=O)CC(=O)C(O)=O', 'D': 'OS(=O)(=O)OC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of 2-Pyrocatechuic acid?,"{'A': 'OC(=O)C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1', 'B': 'N[C@@H](CSS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]1O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of L-Arabinose?,"{'A': 'OC(CCCCC(O)=O)CC(O)=O', 'B': 'O[C@H]1CO[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O', 'C': 'NCCOP(O)(O)=O', 'D': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@H](C[C@@H]1O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CNC2=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid?,"{'A': 'C[C@H]1CNC(=O)NC1=O', 'B': 'CC(C)C(=O)C(O)=O', 'C': 'COC1=C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C=CC(=C1)C(O)CO', 'D': '[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(C=C(O)C=C3)C(=O)C[C@@]21[H]'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Sepiapterin?,"{'A': 'C[C@H](O)C(=O)C1=NC2=C(NC1)NC(N)=NC2=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(=O)OC)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])C(=O)CC2CC(=O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': '[H][C@@]1(CNC2=C(N1)C(=O)N=C(N)N2)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O', 'D': 'CC(C)CC(=O)C(O)=O'}",A
What is the SMILES notation of Hippuric acid?,"{'A': 'CCCCCCCC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'B': '[H][C@@]12C[C@H](O)C(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C3', 'C': 'C[N+](C)(C)CC(CC([O-])=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'D': 'OC(=O)CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1'}",D
"What is the SMILES notation of (2S,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid?","{'A': 'OC(O)=O', 'B': 'C[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(O)=O', 'C': 'OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O', 'D': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]2([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]12CO'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of 2-Phenylbutyric acid?,"{'A': '[H][C@@](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C1O)(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@]([H])(O)\\C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCC', 'B': 'CC(O)C(C)C(O)=O', 'C': 'CCC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1', 'D': 'CC(C)C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O'}",C
"What is the SMILES notation of 3beta,17alpha-Dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane?","{'A': 'CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C(O)=O', 'B': 'NC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@@]2([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'D': 'CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)COS(O)(=O)=O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of 16-a-Hydroxypregnenolone?,"{'A': 'CC[C@H](CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C)C(C)C', 'B': '[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'C': 'CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O', 'D': 'C[C@H]1CNC(=O)NC1=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of Cysteineglutathione disulfide?,"{'A': 'OC(=O)CCCCCCCC\\C=C\\C(O)=O', 'B': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'C': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@H](C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@]2([H])C[C@@H](CC[C@]12C)OS(O)(=O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O', 'D': 'N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSCC(N)C(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)C(O)=O'}",D
What is the SMILES notation of Hematoporphyrin IX?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'CC(O)C1=C2NC(\\C=C3/N\\C(=C/C4=N/C(=C\\C5=N\\C(=C/2)\\C(C)=C5C(C)O)/C(C)=C4CCC(O)=O)C(CCC(O)=O)=C3C)=C1C', 'C': 'OC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(O)=O', 'D': 'O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O'}",B
What is the SMILES notation of D-Fructose?,"{'A': 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O', 'B': 'CC(C)=CC(=O)NCC(O)=O', 'C': 'OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O', 'D': 'C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O'}",C
What is the SMILES notation of Creatinine?,"{'A': '[H][C@@]12CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]2([H])[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]12C', 'B': 'CC(=O)CCC(O)=O', 'C': 'O=C1NC2=C(NC=N2)C(=O)N1', 'D': 'CN1CC(=O)NC1=N'}",D
Where is 3-Oxocholic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'D': 'Nucleus'}",B
Where is DL-Dopa located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Mitochondria'}",C
Where is N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Peroxisome', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",C
"Where is 3b,7a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid located in the cell?","{'A': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Mitochondria', 'D': 'Membrane'}",B
Where is Sphinganine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Golgi apparatus', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Extracellular', 'D': 'Microsomes'}",C
Where is Caproic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Nucleus'}",A
Where is Acetaldehyde located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Golgi apparatus', 'B': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",B
Where is Glycine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",B
Where is alpha-Muricholic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is 2-Methylglutaric acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Peroxisome', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",A
Where is Adenine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",C
Where is L-Lactic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",A
Where is 2-Methylbutyrylglycine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Peroxisome', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Microsomes'}",C
Where is Alpha-Tetrasaccharide located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",A
"Where is N-Acetylgalactosamine 4,6-disulfate located in the cell?","{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Golgi apparatus'}",B
Where is N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Lysosome', 'B': 'Golgi apparatus', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Membrane'}",C
Where is Sorbitol located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Mitochondria'}",A
Where is Acetaldehyde located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Membrane', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",D
Where is Ethylmalonic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Peroxisome', 'D': 'Membrane'}",D
Where is Urea located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Peroxisome', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Extracellular', 'D': 'Golgi apparatus'}",C
Where is S-Adenosylmethioninamine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'D': 'Nucleus'}",B
Where is Maleic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Peroxisome', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is Pyruvic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Mitochondria', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",C
Where is Xanthosine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",D
Where is Cholesterol located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Membrane'}",D
Where is Acetylcholine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Mitochondria'}",A
Where is 3-Hydroxydodecanedioic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Peroxisome', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",B
Where is Creatine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Nucleus'}",B
Where is Acetylglycine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Peroxisome', 'B': 'Membrane', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",C
Where is 7-Hydroxy-3-oxocholanoic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",A
Where is Melibiose located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Extracellular', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",C
Where is 16-Oxoandrostenediol located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Lysosome', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Membrane'}",D
Where is 16b-Hydroxyestrone located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Golgi apparatus', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is Aminoadipic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'C': 'Extracellular', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",D
Where is L-Lysine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Golgi apparatus', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",B
Where is Acetoacetic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Membrane'}",B
"Where is 5,6-Dihydrouridine located in the cell?","{'A': 'Lysosome', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",C
"Where is 5-Androstene-3b,16a,17a-triol located in the cell?","{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",B
Where is Magnesium located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Membrane'}",A
Where is Sphingosine 1-phosphate located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Extracellular', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",C
"Where is 3a,17a-Dihydroxy-5b-androstane located in the cell?","{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Nucleus'}",A
Where is cis-4-Decenedioic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",B
Where is L-Phenylalanine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Golgi apparatus', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is D-Glucose located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Nucleus', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is Ethanol located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Nucleus'}",A
Where is 17-Epiestriol located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Lysosome', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Membrane'}",D
Where is Pyruvic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",A
Where is Glutaconic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Golgi apparatus', 'B': 'Nucleus', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Membrane'}",D
Where is N-Acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Peroxisome', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Membrane'}",B
Where is Bilirubin located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Golgi apparatus', 'C': 'Peroxisome', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is Elaidic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Nucleus', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",A
Where is D-Mannose located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",D
Where is Valproic acid glucuronide located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Membrane', 'C': 'Peroxisome', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",B
Where is Guanosine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",B
Where is Isoursodeoxycholic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is Glycine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",A
Where is 2-Hydroxyadenine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Mitochondria'}",C
Where is Saccharopine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Mitochondria'}",D
Where is Cytidine monophosphate located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Peroxisome', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is Isovaleric acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Mitochondria', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",A
Where is PS(16:0/16:0) located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Membrane'}",D
Where is Sepiapterin located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",D
Where is Hyodeoxycholic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is PC(16:0/16:0) located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Mitochondria'}",A
Where is Dimethylglycine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Golgi apparatus'}",B
Where is Mesaconic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Golgi apparatus', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Membrane'}",D
Where is O-Phosphoethanolamine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Nucleus', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",A
Where is Acetaldehyde located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Golgi apparatus', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",B
Where is Uridine 5'-diphosphate located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",C
Where is 5Z-Dodecenoic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Peroxisome', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",D
Where is Methylamine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Nucleus'}",A
Where is D-Glucuronic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Peroxisome', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'D': 'Mitochondria'}",C
Where is Heptacarboxylporphyrin I located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Golgi apparatus', 'B': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",D
Where is CE(16:0) located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",C
Where is Squalene located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",D
"Where is 5a-Cholestane-3a,7a,12a,25-tetrol located in the cell?","{'A': 'Golgi apparatus', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Microsomes'}",C
Where is Propionylcarnitine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Nucleus'}",A
"Where is 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone located in the cell?","{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Extracellular', 'D': 'Golgi apparatus'}",C
Where is Mesaconic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Nucleus', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is Adenosine triphosphate located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Lysosome', 'B': 'Golgi apparatus', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Mitochondria'}",D
Where is Oxoglutaric acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Golgi apparatus', 'C': 'Membrane', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",A
Where is Succinic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Microsomes', 'B': 'Nucleus', 'C': 'Extracellular', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",C
Where is 3-Methylhistidine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Golgi apparatus', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",D
Where is 16-Dehydroprogesterone located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Peroxisome', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
"Where is 7Z,10Z-Hexadecadienoic acid located in the cell?","{'A': 'Lysosome', 'B': 'Peroxisome', 'C': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'D': 'Membrane'}",D
"Where is 3b,12a-Dihydroxy-5a-cholanoic acid located in the cell?","{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",A
Where is O-Phosphoethanolamine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'B': 'Nucleus', 'C': 'Golgi apparatus', 'D': 'Microsomes'}",A
Where is Oxoglutaric acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Nucleus', 'C': 'Peroxisome', 'D': 'Cytoplasm'}",C
Where is Uridine 5'-monophosphate located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",B
Where is Sebacic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Golgi apparatus', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Membrane'}",D
Where is Sphinganine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Golgi apparatus'}",A
Where is Androsterone located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Mitochondria', 'B': 'Nucleus', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",C
Where is Glycoursodeoxycholic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Golgi apparatus', 'C': 'Microsomes', 'D': 'Lysosome'}",A
"Where is 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D located in the cell?","{'A': 'Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Extracellular', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",B
Where is CE(16:1(9Z)) located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Mitochondria', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Endoplasmic reticulum'}",A
Where is alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Golgi apparatus', 'B': 'Lysosome', 'C': 'Nucleus', 'D': 'Extracellular'}",D
Where is L-Lactic acid located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Membrane', 'B': 'Microsomes', 'C': 'Extracellular', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",C
Where is Decanoylcarnitine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Peroxisome', 'B': 'Membrane', 'C': 'Lysosome', 'D': 'Mitochondria'}",B
Where is Ornithine located in the cell?,"{'A': 'Extracellular', 'B': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'C': 'Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Peroxisome'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of L-Arabinose?,"{'A': '109.147', 'B': '150.1299', 'C': '193.1992', 'D': '114.1026'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Nicotinamide ribotide?,"{'A': '221.2078', 'B': '89.0932', 'C': '335.2271', 'D': '112.0868'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid?,"{'A': '169.1778', 'B': '175.1394', 'C': '376.3639', 'D': '650.9735'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Saccharopine?,"{'A': '142.1956', 'B': '454.2833', 'C': '242.2286', 'D': '276.2863'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Deoxycorticosterone?,"{'A': '330.4611', 'B': '145.1564', 'C': '264.252', 'D': '86.0892'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Uridine 5'-monophosphate?,"{'A': '210.1388', 'B': '324.1813', 'C': '167.1189', 'D': '412.702'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of S-Adenosylhomocysteine?,"{'A': '63.546', 'B': '176.1274', 'C': '384.411', 'D': '175.1394'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Sebacic acid?,"{'A': '175.1394', 'B': '202.2475', 'C': '255.2472', 'D': '776.87'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Homoveratric acid?,"{'A': '416.6365', 'B': '196.1999', 'C': '410.73', 'D': '284.3496'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Cysteine-S-sulfate?,"{'A': '176.1241', 'B': '201.221', 'C': '86.0892', 'D': '175.1857'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of 2-Deoxyribonic acid?,"{'A': '366.4917', 'B': '74.0355', 'C': '150.1299', 'D': '168.148'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of L-Homocystine?,"{'A': '355.436', 'B': '188.2275', 'C': '268.354', 'D': '185.0725'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Deuteroporphyrin IX?,"{'A': '510.5836', 'B': '340.1157', 'C': '176.2151', 'D': '144.1253'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of 18-Hydroxycorticosterone?,"{'A': '280.4455', 'B': '307.323', 'C': '133.1027', 'D': '362.4599'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of 16-Ketoestradiol?,"{'A': '172.0737', 'B': '392.572', 'C': '286.3655', 'D': '88.1051'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Traumatic acid?,"{'A': '222.262', 'B': '452.667', 'C': '228.2848', 'D': '112.0868'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of 7b-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5b-cholanoic acid?,"{'A': '402.5668', 'B': '104.0615', 'C': '245.3153', 'D': '1586.9297'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of gamma-Aminobutyric acid?,"{'A': '60.052', 'B': '103.1198', 'C': '137.179', 'D': '313.203'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Hydroxyphenyllactic acid?,"{'A': '386.6535', 'B': '342.2965', 'C': '182.1733', 'D': '289.328'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of 16-Oxoestrone?,"{'A': '186.0572', 'B': '76.0514', 'C': '106.0773', 'D': '284.3496'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of 5-Tetradecenoic acid?,"{'A': '72.1057', 'B': '252.3923', 'C': '226.355', 'D': '183.1614'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylgalactosamine?,"{'A': '607.3537', 'B': '150.1299', 'C': '79.0999', 'D': '60.0553'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Cobalt?,"{'A': '156.1393', 'B': '456.636', 'C': '58.9332', 'D': '260.3498'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Anserine?,"{'A': '202.2475', 'B': '240.259', 'C': '194.1394', 'D': '146.1876'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Fructose 6-phosphate?,"{'A': '260.1358', 'B': '169.0731', 'C': '433.6239', 'D': '743.405'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of beta-Alanine?,"{'A': '221.2078', 'B': '89.0932', 'C': '436.677', 'D': '150.1745'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Isoursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': '404.1612', 'B': '176.1672', 'C': '392.572', 'D': '76.0514'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of 4-Methylcatechol?,"{'A': '55.845', 'B': '342.2965', 'C': '124.1372', 'D': '280.4455'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Aldosterone?,"{'A': '300.3921', 'B': '246.3001', 'C': '273.2839', 'D': '360.444'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Hydrocinnamic acid?,"{'A': '150.1745', 'B': '158.1154', 'C': '428.4369', 'D': '196.1553'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Folic acid?,"{'A': '252.3923', 'B': '112.0835', 'C': '441.3975', 'D': '105.0926'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Chenodeoxycholic acid disulfate?,"{'A': '223.2252', 'B': '160.2157', 'C': '160.1247', 'D': '552.698'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Sphingosine 1-phosphate?,"{'A': '63.546', 'B': '168.042', 'C': '379.4718', 'D': '456.636'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of 5-Methylcytidine?,"{'A': '257.2432', 'B': '51.9961', 'C': '120.1039', 'D': '639.52'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Alpha-Lactose?,"{'A': '390.0696', 'B': '742.7279', 'C': '342.2965', 'D': '452.667'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid?,"{'A': '182.1733', 'B': '515.703', 'C': '173.2096', 'D': '104.1045'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Pipecolic acid?,"{'A': '103.1198', 'B': '180.1559', 'C': '526.6031', 'D': '129.157'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Glycylproline?,"{'A': '734.0389', 'B': '436.677', 'C': '265.355', 'D': '172.1818'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of 18-Oxocortisol?,"{'A': '650.9735', 'B': '376.4434', 'C': '186.0572', 'D': '150.13'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of 2(R)-Hydroxyadipic acid?,"{'A': '223.2252', 'B': '116.1583', 'C': '299.4919', 'D': '162.1406'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Oxoglutaric acid?,"{'A': '146.0981', 'B': '146.1445', 'C': '205.341', 'D': '434.661'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Glyoxylic acid?,"{'A': '412.54', 'B': '75.0666', 'C': '74.0355', 'D': '253.2147'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of 5-Hydroxymethyl-4-methyluracil?,"{'A': '156.1393', 'B': '161.1558', 'C': '194.184', 'D': '119.1192'}",A
"What is the average molecular weight of 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid?","{'A': '776.87', 'B': '200.3178', 'C': '408.5714', 'D': '195.1721'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of 2-Hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid?,"{'A': '663.4251', 'B': '132.1577', 'C': '744.1369', 'D': '299.4919'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Phosphoserine?,"{'A': '185.0725', 'B': '304.43', 'C': '255.2472', 'D': '402.5668'}",A
"What is the average molecular weight of 16,17-Epiestriol?","{'A': '450.6511', 'B': '288.3814', 'C': '390.564', 'D': '223.2252'}",B
"What is the average molecular weight of 3b,12a-Dihydroxy-5a-cholanoic acid?","{'A': '386.6535', 'B': '392.572', 'C': '465.6227', 'D': '240.3'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of 11a-Hydroxyprogesterone?,"{'A': '324.3276', 'B': '149.211', 'C': '370.6541', 'D': '330.4611'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Vitamin A?,"{'A': '74.0355', 'B': '286.4516', 'C': '302.3649', 'D': '158.238'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Isopropyl alcohol?,"{'A': '623.063', 'B': '60.095', 'C': '335.2271', 'D': '146.1412'}",B
"What is the average molecular weight of 3a,7b,12a-Trihydroxy-5a-Cholanoic acid?","{'A': '284.2255', 'B': '298.511', 'C': '408.5714', 'D': '144.1253'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Ergocalciferol?,"{'A': '226.2292', 'B': '396.6484', 'C': '168.1103', 'D': '160.2108'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Cysteineglutathione disulfide?,"{'A': '167.205', 'B': '426.466', 'C': '297.352', 'D': '412.4375'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Taurodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': '180.1559', 'B': '416.734', 'C': '169.1348', 'D': '499.704'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Indoleacetic acid?,"{'A': '24.305', 'B': '131.1299', 'C': '226.2325', 'D': '175.184'}",D
"What is the average molecular weight of 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine?","{'A': '167.1255', 'B': '196.1999', 'C': '148.1571', 'D': '154.121'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Glutathione?,"{'A': '402.696', 'B': '307.323', 'C': '173.2096', 'D': '128.131'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Epitestosterone?,"{'A': '288.4244', 'B': '400.623', 'C': '257.2432', 'D': '137.179'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Protoporphyrin IX?,"{'A': '290.2731', 'B': '216.2741', 'C': '562.6582', 'D': '515.71'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Urea?,"{'A': '298.511', 'B': '60.0553', 'C': '260.135', 'D': '104.1708'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of L-Kynurenine?,"{'A': '189.2123', 'B': '786.1134', 'C': '208.2139', 'D': '473.4393'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Propyl alcohol?,"{'A': '119.1192', 'B': '60.095', 'C': '299.4919', 'D': '378.4593'}",B
"What is the average molecular weight of 3b,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': '189.1675', 'B': '180.1574', 'C': '408.5714', 'D': '94.1112'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Cyanocobalamin?,"{'A': '1356.3731', 'B': '376.4434', 'C': '340.5836', 'D': '60.052'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of D-Glucose?,"{'A': '180.1559', 'B': '74.1249', 'C': '75.0666', 'D': '633.5511'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Erythronic acid?,"{'A': '35.453', 'B': '103.1198', 'C': '144.1253', 'D': '136.1033'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Sulfolithocholic acid?,"{'A': '59.1103', 'B': '168.1103', 'C': '456.636', 'D': '210.1388'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of 2-Hydroxyestrone?,"{'A': '286.3655', 'B': '94.1112', 'C': '312.5304', 'D': '330.4611'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Levulinic acid?,"{'A': '116.1152', 'B': '146.1445', 'C': '117.1479', 'D': '355.436'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of 12a-Hydroxy-3-oxocholadienic acid?,"{'A': '208.2139', 'B': '449.6233', 'C': '324.1813', 'D': '386.5244'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Trigonelline?,"{'A': '386.5244', 'B': '105.0926', 'C': '137.136', 'D': '332.477'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Potassium?,"{'A': '483.1563', 'B': '381.3325', 'C': '39.0983', 'D': '174.1944'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of 7-Ketocholesterol?,"{'A': '400.6371', 'B': '286.3655', 'C': '633.5511', 'D': '183.2044'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of 4-Pyridoxic acid?,"{'A': '183.1614', 'B': '566.3018', 'C': '18.9984', 'D': '360.444'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Palmitoylcarnitine?,"{'A': '436.677', 'B': '461.6325', 'C': '400.623', 'D': '412.54'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Ethylmalonic acid?,"{'A': '116.0722', 'B': '45.0837', 'C': '290.2731', 'D': '132.1146'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of Tetradecanedioic acid?,"{'A': '252.23', 'B': '304.4238', 'C': '173.2096', 'D': '258.3538'}",D
What is the average molecular weight of trans-Aconitic acid?,"{'A': '114.1424', 'B': '228.3709', 'C': '174.1082', 'D': '40.078'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of L-Alanine?,"{'A': '142.1956', 'B': '258.228', 'C': '89.0932', 'D': '176.1672'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of 3-Methyladipic acid?,"{'A': '666.5777', 'B': '290.2731', 'C': '160.1678', 'D': '125.1716'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': '351.3065', 'B': '154.121', 'C': '554.853', 'D': '260.135'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Choline?,"{'A': '243.2166', 'B': '104.1708', 'C': '88.0621', 'D': '299.4919'}",B
"What is the average molecular weight of 3b,17b-Dihydroxyetiocholane?","{'A': '292.4562', 'B': '314.4602', 'C': '304.43', 'D': '226.355'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Fluoride?,"{'A': '290.4403', 'B': '18.9984', 'C': '376.4434', 'D': '116.0722'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Succinyladenosine?,"{'A': '335.2271', 'B': '210.1388', 'C': '383.3135', 'D': '384.411'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Hydroxypropionic porphyrin III?,"{'A': '132.1146', 'B': '776.87', 'C': '786.7374', 'D': '148.1571'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of D-Fructose?,"{'A': '141.063', 'B': '280.4455', 'C': '180.1559', 'D': '114.1026'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Hydroxyisocaproic acid?,"{'A': '132.1577', 'B': '786.7374', 'C': '304.43', 'D': '444.6035'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Nicotinamide riboside?,"{'A': '255.2472', 'B': '598.6887', 'C': '153.1784', 'D': '89.0932'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of 3-Methylindole?,"{'A': '131.1745', 'B': '186.2912', 'C': '88.0621', 'D': '164.2011'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Neopterin?,"{'A': '253.2147', 'B': '137.179', 'C': '286.3655', 'D': '88.0621'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Allochenodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': '370.525', 'B': '392.572', 'C': '312.4458', 'D': '148.1571'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of 3-Methylhistidine?,"{'A': '100.1158', 'B': '169.1811', 'C': '104.0615', 'D': '186.2912'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Cholestenone?,"{'A': '384.6377', 'B': '132.1577', 'C': '195.1721', 'D': '46.0254'}",A
What is the average molecular weight of Pseudouroporphyrin?,"{'A': '188.2275', 'B': '449.6233', 'C': '786.7374', 'D': '408.5714'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of Neuraminic acid?,"{'A': '243.2166', 'B': '175.1394', 'C': '267.2332', 'D': '161.1558'}",C
What is the average molecular weight of D-Ribose?,"{'A': '113.1179', 'B': '150.1299', 'C': '562.6582', 'D': '202.2475'}",B
What is the average molecular weight of Norepinephrine?,"{'A': '466.717', 'B': '152.1473', 'C': '396.6484', 'D': '169.1778'}",D
"What is the average molecular weight of Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate?","{'A': '1586.9297', 'B': '427.2011', 'C': '654.7089', 'D': '100.1158'}",B
What is the chemical formula of 3-Methyladipic acid?,"{'A': 'C7H10O7', 'B': 'C7H12O4', 'C': 'CH4N2O', 'D': 'C5H14NO6P'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Fe2+?,"{'A': 'C22H45NO', 'B': 'C3H9O6P', 'C': 'Fe', 'D': 'C3H6O4'}",C
What is the chemical formula of 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'C5H8O5', 'B': 'C6H6O6', 'C': 'C7H6O3', 'D': 'C19H19N7O6'}",A
What is the chemical formula of 3-Amino-2-piperidone?,"{'A': 'C6H10O7', 'B': 'C5H10N2O', 'C': 'C12H23NO4', 'D': 'C10H12N2O8'}",B
"What is the chemical formula of 2b,3a,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'C24H40O5', 'B': 'C3H9O6P', 'C': 'C25H38O4', 'D': 'C6H10O7'}",A
What is the chemical formula of p-Hydroxymandelic acid?,"{'A': 'C44H84NO8P', 'B': 'C8H8O4', 'C': 'C5H10O3', 'D': 'C5H6N2O2'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Ribitol?,"{'A': 'C7H10O4', 'B': 'C5H12O5', 'C': 'C6H10O3', 'D': 'C14H20N6O5S'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Uridine?,"{'A': 'C10H15N4O15P3', 'B': 'C3H5O6P', 'C': '(C14H21NO14S)nH2O', 'D': 'C9H12N2O6'}",D
What is the chemical formula of Betaine?,"{'A': 'C24H40O6', 'B': 'C5H12NO2', 'C': 'C12H22O2', 'D': 'C17H33NO4'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate?,"{'A': 'C26H43NO5', 'B': 'C23H43NO6', 'C': 'C10H11NO3', 'D': 'C13H26NO4'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Glycoursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'C9H11NO4', 'B': 'C6H12O7', 'C': 'C6H8O5', 'D': 'C26H43NO5'}",D
What is the chemical formula of Ursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'C45H76O2', 'B': 'C24H40O4', 'C': 'C8H14O2', 'D': 'C18H37NO2'}",B
What is the chemical formula of 4-Deoxyerythronic acid?,"{'A': 'C10H13N5O3', 'B': 'C6H11NO3', 'C': 'C4H8O4', 'D': 'C7H12O5'}",C
What is the chemical formula of 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid?,"{'A': 'C9H14N4O3', 'B': 'C6H10O3', 'C': 'C9H13N5O3', 'D': 'C15H11I4NO4'}",B
What is the chemical formula of 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid?,"{'A': 'C5H10O3', 'B': 'C2H8NO4P', 'C': 'C5H4O3', 'D': 'C6H12O5'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Salicyluric acid?,"{'A': 'C10H12N5O6P', 'B': 'C9H9NO4', 'C': 'C8H16N3O8P', 'D': 'C6H6O2'}",B
"What is the chemical formula of 3-Oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid?","{'A': 'C2H7NO3S', 'B': 'C24H34O3', 'C': 'C24H38O5', 'D': 'C11H9NO2'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Hexadecanedioic acid mono-L-carnitine ester?,"{'A': 'C18H22O3', 'B': 'C2H7NO', 'C': 'C26H45NO7S', 'D': 'C23H43NO6'}",D
What is the chemical formula of 2-Hydroxybutyric acid?,"{'A': 'C10H12N2', 'B': 'C4H8O3', 'C': 'C10H16N5O13P3', 'D': 'C4H6O4'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate?,"{'A': 'C26H43NO4', 'B': 'C9H12O7S', 'C': 'C10H12N2', 'D': 'C10H14N2O4'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Cyclic AMP?,"{'A': 'C21H32O5S', 'B': 'C10H12N5O6P', 'C': 'C18H38NO5P', 'D': 'C24H40O10S2'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Glyceric acid?,"{'A': 'C44H84NO8P', 'B': 'C3H6O4', 'C': 'C5H6O4', 'D': 'C4H6N4O3'}",B
What is the chemical formula of 2-Hydroxyadenine?,"{'A': 'C14H25NO21S3', 'B': 'C5H5N5O', 'C': 'C4H4O4', 'D': 'C26H45NO7S'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Benzenebutanoic acid?,"{'A': 'C3H8O', 'B': 'C18H24O2', 'C': 'C10H12O2', 'D': 'C7H9N5'}",C
What is the chemical formula of 3-Hydroxyvaleric acid?,"{'A': 'C8H17NO2', 'B': 'C5H10O3', 'C': 'C8H15NO6', 'D': 'C6H7N5O'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone?,"{'A': 'C6H6O', 'B': 'C7H10O4', 'C': 'C21H34O3', 'D': 'C20H23N7O7'}",C
"What is the chemical formula of 3a,7b,12a-Trihydroxy-5a-Cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'C38H56O4', 'B': 'C39H38N4O14', 'C': 'CH5N', 'D': 'C24H40O5'}",D
What is the chemical formula of 5alpha-Tetrahydrocortisol?,"{'A': 'C21H34O5', 'B': 'Cr', 'C': 'C4H6N4O3', 'D': 'C14H24O2'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Magnesium?,"{'A': 'C26H43NO6', 'B': 'C6H5N5O2', 'C': 'C11H22O2', 'D': 'Mg'}",D
What is the chemical formula of cis-4-Decenedioic acid?,"{'A': 'C9H9NO4', 'B': 'C26H45NO6S', 'C': 'C7H15N3O3', 'D': 'C10H16O4'}",D
"What is the chemical formula of N-Acetylgalactosamine 4,6-disulfate?","{'A': 'C6H14N2O3', 'B': 'C8H15NO12S2', 'C': 'C5H8N2O5', 'D': 'C38H74NO10P'}",B
What is the chemical formula of dGDP?,"{'A': 'C11H15N2O5', 'B': 'C10H15N5O10P2', 'C': 'C26H45NO7S', 'D': 'C5H12N2O2'}",B
What is the chemical formula of cis-Aconitic acid?,"{'A': 'C6H6O6', 'B': 'C19H28O3', 'C': 'C5H5N5O', 'D': 'C10H18N4O6'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Tetrahydroneopterin?,"{'A': 'C9H15N5O4', 'B': 'C5H9NO3', 'C': 'C19H30O3', 'D': 'C10H9NO2'}",A
What is the chemical formula of 3b-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid?,"{'A': 'C27H46O4S', 'B': 'C24H38O3', 'C': 'C5H11NO2', 'D': 'C26H45NO20'}",B
What is the chemical formula of L-Threoneopterin?,"{'A': 'C10H7NO3', 'B': 'C15H22N2O18P2', 'C': 'C9H11N5O4', 'D': 'C13H22N4O8S2'}",C
What is the chemical formula of Coproporphyrin III?,"{'A': 'C14H18N5O11P', 'B': 'C40H56', 'C': 'C36H38N4O8', 'D': 'C9H13N3O5'}",C
What is the chemical formula of Chondroitin 4-sulfate?,"{'A': 'C6H12O3', 'B': '(C14H21NO14S)nH2O', 'C': 'C6H10O2', 'D': 'C3H8NO5P'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Malic acid?,"{'A': 'C6H11NO3', 'B': 'C20H14N4', 'C': 'C4H8O4', 'D': 'C4H6O5'}",D
What is the chemical formula of 2-Methylcitric acid?,"{'A': 'C4H9N3O2', 'B': 'C7H10O7', 'C': 'C8H15NOS2', 'D': 'C3H8O3'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Deoxycytidine?,"{'A': 'C11H15N2O5', 'B': 'C18H37NO2', 'C': 'C6H13N3O3', 'D': 'C9H13N3O4'}",D
What is the chemical formula of N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'C21H32O2', 'B': 'C19H19N7O6', 'C': 'C4H6O4', 'D': 'C13H21NO10'}",D
What is the chemical formula of gamma-Glutamylphenylalanine?,"{'A': 'C14H18N2O5', 'B': 'C45H78O2', 'C': 'C48H54N4O16', 'D': 'C27H46O5'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Isohyodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'C33H36N4O6', 'B': 'C27H48O', 'C': 'C2H7NO3S', 'D': 'C24H40O4'}",D
What is the chemical formula of 3'-Sialyllactose?,"{'A': 'C23H39NO19', 'B': 'C3H8O', 'C': 'C8H14O4', 'D': 'C11H20O4'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Isolithocholic acid?,"{'A': 'C6H8O6', 'B': 'C24H40O3', 'C': 'CH2O2', 'D': 'C27H46O4'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Uroporphyrin II?,"{'A': 'C15H12I3NO4', 'B': 'C48H54N4O16', 'C': 'C8H15NO9S', 'D': 'C13H19N4O12P'}",B
What is the chemical formula of 16a-Hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone?,"{'A': 'C10H13N4O8P', 'B': 'C19H28O3', 'C': 'C24H42O21', 'D': 'C14H24O2'}",B
What is the chemical formula of alpha-Muricholic acid?,"{'A': 'C10H15N4O15P3', 'B': 'C5H11NO2S', 'C': 'C8H16N2O3', 'D': 'C24H40O5'}",D
What is the chemical formula of Quinaldic acid?,"{'A': 'C9H11N5O2', 'B': 'C10H7NO2', 'C': 'C19H28O2', 'D': 'C3H10N2'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylgalactosamine?,"{'A': 'C17H27N3O17P2', 'B': 'C6H6N2O2', 'C': 'C35H36N4O6', 'D': 'C23H43NO6'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Cysteineglutathione disulfide?,"{'A': 'C9H16N3O13P3', 'B': 'C27H48O4', 'C': 'C2H6O', 'D': 'C13H22N4O8S2'}",D
What is the chemical formula of Ascorbic acid?,"{'A': 'C9H8O3', 'B': 'C6H8O6', 'C': 'C4H8N2O3', 'D': 'C18H37NO2'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Linoleic acid?,"{'A': 'C14H28O2', 'B': 'C10H16N5O13P3', 'C': 'C9H16N3O13P3', 'D': 'C18H32O2'}",D
What is the chemical formula of 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid?,"{'A': 'C34H38N4O6', 'B': 'C6H12O3', 'C': 'C15H22N2O18P2', 'D': 'C24H42O21'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Valproic acid glucuronide?,"{'A': 'C38H38N4O12', 'B': 'C14H24O8', 'C': 'C6H13O9P', 'D': 'C18H28N4O7'}",B
What is the chemical formula of 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid?,"{'A': 'C10H15N3O5', 'B': 'C6H12O7', 'C': 'C5H10O3', 'D': 'C24H40O10S2'}",C
What is the chemical formula of N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid?,"{'A': 'C6H9NO5', 'B': 'C6H12O2', 'C': 'CH2O2', 'D': 'C19H26O2'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Tartaric acid?,"{'A': 'C21H32O3', 'B': 'C5H6N2O2', 'C': 'C26H43NO6', 'D': 'C4H6O6'}",D
What is the chemical formula of Alpha-Lactose?,"{'A': 'C12H22O11', 'B': 'C21H28N7O17P3', 'C': 'C24H40N5O8', 'D': 'C21H34O5'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine?,"{'A': 'C17H27N3O17P2', 'B': 'C9H8O2', 'C': 'C6H8O5', 'D': 'C4H4N2O2'}",A
What is the chemical formula of N-Acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate?,"{'A': 'C8H15NO9S', 'B': 'C5H5N5O', 'C': 'C15H11I4NO4', 'D': 'C34H38N4O6'}",A
What is the chemical formula of L-Lysine?,"{'A': 'C6H14N2O2', 'B': 'C8H14O4', 'C': 'C7H9N2O', 'D': 'C2H7NO3S'}",A
What is the chemical formula of L-Alloisoleucine?,"{'A': 'C24H40O10S2', 'B': 'C9H8O4', 'C': 'C6H13NO2', 'D': 'C9H15N5O4'}",C
What is the chemical formula of Azelaic acid?,"{'A': 'C17H27N3O17P2', 'B': 'C24H40O4', 'C': 'C9H16O4', 'D': 'C18H36O2'}",C
What is the chemical formula of 17-Epiestriol?,"{'A': 'C18H24O3', 'B': 'C5H5N5O2', 'C': 'C8H15N3O5S2', 'D': 'C18H28N4O7'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Methylglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'C27H44O3', 'B': 'C6H10O4', 'C': 'C6H10N2O4', 'D': 'C6H6O'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Mandelic acid?,"{'A': 'C18H24O3', 'B': 'C13H22N4O8S2', 'C': 'C8H7N', 'D': 'C8H8O3'}",D
What is the chemical formula of Xylulose 5-phosphate?,"{'A': 'H2O3S', 'B': 'C5H11O8P', 'C': 'C4H8O5', 'D': 'C10H7NO4'}",B
"What is the chemical formula of 5,6-Dihydrouridine?","{'A': 'C18H22O3', 'B': 'C9H14N2O6', 'C': 'C13H26NO4', 'D': 'C9H16N3O14P3'}",B
What is the chemical formula of N-Acetylgalactosamine 4-sulphate?,"{'A': 'C19H32O2', 'B': 'C8H15NO9S', 'C': 'C18H37NO2', 'D': 'C19H38O2'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Isovalerylglycine?,"{'A': 'C19H30O2', 'B': 'C13H26O2', 'C': 'C7H13NO3', 'D': 'C3H7O7P'}",C
What is the chemical formula of Glyoxylic acid?,"{'A': 'C9H11NO2', 'B': 'C2H2O3', 'C': 'C5H11NO2', 'D': 'C9H13N5O3'}",B
"What is the chemical formula of 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid?","{'A': 'C3H6O2', 'B': 'C22H44O2', 'C': 'C27H46O4', 'D': 'C36H38N4O8'}",C
What is the chemical formula of D-Galactose?,"{'A': 'C10H12N5O6P', 'B': 'C3H7NO4S', 'C': 'C6H12O6', 'D': 'C7H9N2O'}",C
What is the chemical formula of Propionylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'C8H16N2O3', 'B': 'C10H20NO4', 'C': 'C16H28O2', 'D': 'C6H10O3'}",B
What is the chemical formula of D-Glucose?,"{'A': 'C6H12O6', 'B': 'S', 'C': 'C27H48O5', 'D': 'C5H5N5'}",A
"What is the chemical formula of 5-Androstene-3b,16a,17a-triol?","{'A': 'C19H30O3', 'B': 'C10H7NO4', 'C': 'C24H38O5', 'D': 'C5H12N2O2'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Galactose 1-phosphate?,"{'A': 'C6H13O9P', 'B': 'C5H4N4O2', 'C': 'C29H48O', 'D': 'C34H34N4O4'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Taurine?,"{'A': 'C5H10N2O', 'B': 'C77H139N3O30', 'C': 'C2H7NO3S', 'D': 'C27H48O'}",C
What is the chemical formula of 2-Methoxyestrone?,"{'A': 'C4H6O4', 'B': 'C5H6O4', 'C': 'C19H24O3', 'D': 'C10H11NO3'}",C
What is the chemical formula of Mesaconic acid?,"{'A': 'C4H6N4O3', 'B': 'C18H28N4O8', 'C': 'C5H6O4', 'D': 'C7H12O4'}",C
What is the chemical formula of N-Acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate?,"{'A': 'C8H15NO9S', 'B': 'C10H15N4O15P3', 'C': 'C10H14N5O6P', 'D': 'C5H6O5'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Caprylic acid?,"{'A': 'C29H52O', 'B': 'C5H5N5', 'C': 'C5H11O8P', 'D': 'C8H16O2'}",D
What is the chemical formula of Pregnenolone?,"{'A': 'C5H8N2O2', 'B': 'C10H18O4', 'C': 'C21H32O2', 'D': 'Na'}",C
What is the chemical formula of Homo-L-arginine?,"{'A': 'C5H14NO6P', 'B': 'C7H16N4O2', 'C': 'C11H11NO3', 'D': 'C7H10O4'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Ribothymidine?,"{'A': 'Fe', 'B': 'C10H14N2O6', 'C': 'C9H9N', 'D': 'C28H44O'}",B
What is the chemical formula of beta-Alanine?,"{'A': 'C3H7NO2', 'B': 'C4H7NO3', 'C': 'C19H19N7O6', 'D': 'C6H14O6'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Estriol?,"{'A': 'C6H11NO3', 'B': 'C15H28O7P2', 'C': 'C18H24O3', 'D': 'C29H50O'}",C
What is the chemical formula of Hypotaurine?,"{'A': 'C6H10O8', 'B': 'C15H28O7P2', 'C': 'C9H10INO3', 'D': 'C2H7NO2S'}",D
"What is the chemical formula of 3alpha,16alpha-Dihydroxyandrostenone?","{'A': 'C26H45NO20', 'B': 'C19H28O3', 'C': 'C3H7O7P', 'D': 'C5H11NO2'}",B
"What is the chemical formula of 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid?","{'A': 'C15H13I2NO4', 'B': 'C8H16O2', 'C': 'C10H12N5O6P', 'D': 'C5H6N2O4'}",D
"What is the chemical formula of 3a,6a,7b-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'C15H20O10', 'B': 'C6H10O7', 'C': 'C6H13O9P', 'D': 'C24H40O5'}",D
What is the chemical formula of Argininosuccinic acid?,"{'A': 'C9H17NO5', 'B': 'C5H11O8P', 'C': 'C10H18N4O6', 'D': 'C15H22N2O18P2'}",C
What is the chemical formula of 5Z-Tetradecenoic acid?,"{'A': 'C5H10N2O3', 'B': 'C14H26O2', 'C': 'C8H9NO4', 'D': 'C18H34N2O13'}",B
What is the chemical formula of 2-Octenedioic acid?,"{'A': 'C9H9NO3', 'B': 'C6H10O3', 'C': 'C7H14O2', 'D': 'C8H12O4'}",D
What is the chemical formula of Sarcosine?,"{'A': 'C3H7NO2', 'B': 'C19H24O3', 'C': 'C5H14NO', 'D': 'C14H20N6O5S'}",A
What is the chemical formula of 2-Phosphoglyceric acid?,"{'A': 'C3H7O7P', 'B': 'C10H18O5', 'C': 'C15H20O10', 'D': 'C10H15N3O5'}",A
What is the chemical formula of Citric acid?,"{'A': 'C8H16N2O4S2', 'B': 'C6H8O7', 'C': 'C23H46NO4', 'D': 'C6H10O7'}",B
What is the chemical formula of Monomethyl glutaric acid?,"{'A': 'C10H9NO3', 'B': 'C6H10O4', 'C': 'C5H5N', 'D': 'C8H8O4'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00264 related to?,"{'A': 'map04974', 'B': 'SMP00092', 'C': 'SMP00239', 'D': 'SMP00650'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP01372 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00235', 'B': 'SMP00427', 'C': 'SMP59716', 'D': 'SMP00035'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00887 related to?,"{'A': 'map05216', 'B': 'SMP00242', 'C': 'map04979', 'D': 'SMP60742'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is RPLP0 related to?,"{'A': 'map03230', 'B': 'SMP60170', 'C': 'SMP00366', 'D': 'SMP19304'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is P13637 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00108', 'B': 'SMP00059', 'C': 'SMP00469', 'D': 'SMP00130'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP10851 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00331', 'B': 'SMP00164', 'C': 'SMP00243', 'D': 'map00073'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is map04520 related to?,"{'A': 'map04060', 'B': 'SMP63753', 'C': 'SMP00297', 'D': 'map04014'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP08131 related to?,"{'A': 'map04657', 'B': 'SMP00328', 'C': 'SMP59738', 'D': 'SMP00106'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is GCK related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00694', 'B': 'map00965', 'C': 'SMP00493', 'D': 'SMP00058'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00604 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP67587', 'B': 'SMP00168', 'C': 'map00331', 'D': 'SMP00126'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is map05161 related to?,"{'A': 'map00196', 'B': 'SMP00458', 'C': 'map04115', 'D': 'SMP00634'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is P00325 related to?,"{'A': 'map04728', 'B': 'SMP00096', 'C': 'SMP11871', 'D': 'SMP00398'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is P16615 related to?,"{'A': 'map04976', 'B': 'SMP00324', 'C': 'map05219', 'D': 'map04950'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is P54710 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00226', 'B': 'SMP00422', 'C': 'SMP00001', 'D': 'map04623'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is EPRS related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00188', 'B': 'SMP00297', 'C': 'SMP00174', 'D': 'map00901'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is PRPS1L1 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00068', 'B': 'SMP00364', 'C': 'map03030', 'D': 'SMP58908'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is RPS9 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP11876', 'B': 'SMP56661', 'C': 'SMP59058', 'D': 'map00380'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is P23526 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00153', 'B': 'SMP00570', 'C': 'SMP00608', 'D': 'SMP00197'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is map05200 related to?,"{'A': 'map04370', 'B': 'SMP00308', 'C': 'SMP00278', 'D': 'SMP00163'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP09186 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00683', 'B': 'map05223', 'C': 'SMP00557', 'D': 'SMP00304'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is P16519 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00431', 'B': 'SMP00527', 'C': 'SMP63759', 'D': 'SMP00340'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is P23109 related to?,"{'A': 'map04924', 'B': 'SMP00622', 'C': 'SMP00050', 'D': 'map00770'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is FXYD2 related to?,"{'A': 'map02020', 'B': 'SMP00660', 'C': 'SMP00191', 'D': 'SMP00160'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is ATP2A2 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00004', 'B': 'map00260', 'C': 'SMP00384', 'D': 'SMP00368'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is UROC1 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00039', 'B': 'SMP00044', 'C': 'SMP58741', 'D': 'SMP00028'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is CYP11A1 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00716', 'B': 'SMP00391', 'C': 'SMP00498', 'D': 'SMP00577'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is Q92736 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00331', 'B': 'SMP00051', 'C': 'SMP59710', 'D': 'map00361'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is Q12879 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00307', 'B': 'map00260', 'C': 'SMP00688', 'D': 'SMP00309'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is HIF1AN related to?,"{'A': 'map05167', 'B': 'map00230', 'C': 'map05010', 'D': 'SMP02298'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is Q01959 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00446', 'B': 'SMP00403', 'C': 'SMP11854', 'D': 'SMP84634'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is P05388 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00706', 'B': 'SMP60740', 'C': 'SMP12609', 'D': 'SMP00006'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is P51589 related to?,"{'A': 'map00996', 'B': 'SMP00704', 'C': 'SMP60058', 'D': 'SMP62887'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is map04935 related to?,"{'A': 'map04630', 'B': 'SMP00582', 'C': 'SMP00152', 'D': 'SMP31696'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is UBA52 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00675', 'B': 'SMP11864', 'C': 'SMP00494', 'D': 'SMP00240'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is CYP4A11 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00037', 'B': 'SMP90831', 'C': 'SMP00695', 'D': 'map00981'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is map04144 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00718', 'B': 'map04613', 'C': 'map04060', 'D': 'SMP66977'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00855 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00371', 'B': 'map00071', 'C': 'SMP00501', 'D': 'SMP00231'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is P10644 related to?,"{'A': 'map00053', 'B': 'SMP00307', 'C': 'SYN004', 'D': 'SMP00127'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HAAO related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00151', 'B': 'SMP00278', 'C': 'SMP00006', 'D': 'SMP00091'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is map00740 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00053', 'B': 'map00030', 'C': 'map01059', 'D': 'SMP11870'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is Q9NS61 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00401', 'B': 'SMP00107', 'C': 'SMP00156', 'D': 'SMP00724'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is P13637 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP59738', 'B': 'SMP00078', 'C': 'SMP00214', 'D': 'map04975'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00392 related to?,"{'A': 'map00360', 'B': 'SMP00086', 'C': 'SMP00230', 'D': 'SMP00559'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is Q14654 related to?,"{'A': 'map00240', 'B': 'SMP00725', 'C': 'map04970', 'D': 'SMP00378'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is P23109 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00085', 'B': 'SMP00605', 'C': 'SMP00223', 'D': 'SMP00220'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is P41231 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP90032', 'B': 'SMP69593', 'C': 'SMP00313', 'D': 'SMP00706'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00636 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00514', 'B': 'SMP00364', 'C': 'SMP00708', 'D': 'SMP00332'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HSD11B2 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00512', 'B': 'SMP00130', 'C': 'map00982', 'D': 'SMP00280'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HMGCR related to?,"{'A': 'map04950', 'B': 'SMP00445', 'C': 'SMP00023', 'D': 'map00999'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00169 related to?,"{'A': 'map04725', 'B': 'SMP00425', 'C': 'SMP00498', 'D': 'map04924'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP05063 related to?,"{'A': 'map03013', 'B': 'map00071', 'C': 'map05416', 'D': 'SMP00315'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is MYLK related to?,"{'A': 'SMP63795', 'B': 'SMP00703', 'C': 'map04670', 'D': 'map04140'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is RPS20 related to?,"{'A': 'map00062', 'B': 'SMP00582', 'C': 'SMP19302', 'D': 'map04270'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is Q14643 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP62885', 'B': 'SMP00144', 'C': 'map00196', 'D': 'map00590'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is HCN4 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00074', 'B': 'SMP00668', 'C': 'SMP63899', 'D': 'map01212'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00949 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00107', 'B': 'map00770', 'C': 'SMP60235', 'D': 'SMP00527'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is CYP3A4 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00637', 'B': 'map04120', 'C': 'SMP00570', 'D': 'SMP00330'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00426 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00641', 'B': 'SMP00506', 'C': 'SMP00560', 'D': 'SMP19305'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP03070 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00723', 'B': 'SMP58813', 'C': 'SMP00425', 'D': 'SMP00681'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00262 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00107', 'B': 'SMP61052', 'C': 'SMP00003', 'D': 'SMP00557'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is map05204 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP89975', 'B': 'SMP00027', 'C': 'SMP00571', 'D': 'map05211'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is P48050 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00437', 'B': 'SMP00658', 'C': 'SMP00605', 'D': 'SMP60224'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is AKR1C3 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00074', 'B': 'SMP00034', 'C': 'SMP57584', 'D': 'SMP00694'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is TNNI3 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00304', 'B': 'SMP00216', 'C': 'map00902', 'D': 'map00350'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is RPS12 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP11854', 'B': 'SMP00483', 'C': 'map04924', 'D': 'SMP00334'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is ATP1A4 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00424', 'B': 'SMP00264', 'C': 'map04972', 'D': 'SMP00021'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is P35367 related to?,"{'A': 'map04640', 'B': 'SMP00124', 'C': 'SMP00593', 'D': 'SMP60741'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP08745 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00273', 'B': 'SMP00532', 'C': 'SMP00359', 'D': 'SMP00701'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is KCNJ11 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00563', 'B': 'SMP00367', 'C': 'SMP00473', 'D': 'map00525'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is PTGIS related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00382', 'B': 'SMP58741', 'C': 'map00997', 'D': 'SMP00096'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP03142 related to?,"{'A': 'map04740', 'B': 'SMP00297', 'C': 'map00410', 'D': 'SMP00064'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP10671 related to?,"{'A': 'map00261', 'B': 'SMP00350', 'C': 'SMP00330', 'D': 'SMP00075'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is ROCK1 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP63757', 'B': 'SMP00549', 'C': 'map00946', 'D': 'SMP00471'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is P28482 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00604', 'B': 'map00362', 'C': 'SMP63807', 'D': 'SMP60170'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00259 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00317', 'B': 'SMP00705', 'C': 'SMP62894', 'D': 'SMP00016'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is SCN1B related to?,"{'A': 'map00232', 'B': 'SMP00719', 'C': 'map00670', 'D': 'SMP00675'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00237 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00230', 'B': 'SMP00658', 'C': 'SMP00479', 'D': 'SMP00020'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is Q9NSD9 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00370', 'B': 'map04151', 'C': 'SMP00595', 'D': 'SMP00587'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is IMPDH1 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00203', 'B': 'SMP59044', 'C': 'SMP62884', 'D': 'SMP00041'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is P11310 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00201', 'B': 'map00996', 'C': 'map00983', 'D': 'SMP00064'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is CYP2U1 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00146', 'B': 'SMP00701', 'C': 'map01059', 'D': 'SMP58891'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP11487 related to?,"{'A': 'map05214', 'B': 'SMP00493', 'C': 'SMP00599', 'D': 'SMP31696'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00803 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00581', 'B': 'SMP00689', 'C': 'SMP00153', 'D': 'SMP00417'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is KCNK1 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00559', 'B': 'SMP31699', 'C': 'SMP00366', 'D': 'SMP00465'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP00656 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00192', 'B': 'map00523', 'C': 'map04975', 'D': 'map04961'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is P62851 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP11871', 'B': 'SMP00473', 'C': 'map05010', 'D': 'SMP57582'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is Q93088 related to?,"{'A': 'map02020', 'B': 'SMP00340', 'C': 'map00760', 'D': 'map05416'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP07433 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00230', 'B': 'SMP00683', 'C': 'SMP00348', 'D': 'SMP00682'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is AGPAT5 related to?,"{'A': 'map00515', 'B': 'SMP00634', 'C': 'SYN002', 'D': 'SMP00567'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is P48449 related to?,"{'A': 'map03015', 'B': 'SMP00387', 'C': 'map04010', 'D': 'SMP00567'}",B
Which KEGG pathway is KCNJ4 related to?,"{'A': 'map00750', 'B': 'SMP00226', 'C': 'SMP00216', 'D': 'SMP00366'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is map00410 related to?,"{'A': 'map03030', 'B': 'map04670', 'C': 'map00460', 'D': 'SMP00615'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is P63316 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00588', 'B': 'SMP00605', 'C': 'SMP00641', 'D': 'SMP00643'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is Q4U2R8 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP58908', 'B': 'SMP00175', 'C': 'SMP00132', 'D': 'SMP00289'}",C
Which KEGG pathway is OXCT1 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00522', 'B': 'SMP00602', 'C': 'map00790', 'D': 'SMP00085'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is P51168 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00115', 'B': 'SMP59707', 'C': 'SMP00070', 'D': 'SMP00638'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is Q14643 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP60744', 'B': 'SMP00193', 'C': 'SMP00551', 'D': 'map04721'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is VAV3 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP63784', 'B': 'SMP00479', 'C': 'SMP00121', 'D': 'SMP00643'}",A
Which KEGG pathway is HMDBP01050 related to?,"{'A': 'SMP00355', 'B': 'SMP00672', 'C': 'SMP00072', 'D': 'SMP00544'}",D
Which KEGG pathway is P48788 related to?,"{'A': 'map00232', 'B': 'map04010', 'C': 'SMP00717', 'D': 'SMP00668'}",D
What is the InChIKey of N-Acetylgalactosamine 4-sulphate?,"{'A': 'AFHLWIUSJBEMJE-ZMXCOFNRSA-N', 'B': 'ARJZZFJXSNJKGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OJGXVJBCSA-N', 'D': 'WHCJUIFHMJFEFZ-UIAUGNHASA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Copper?,"{'A': 'WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'REKYPYSUBKSCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Malic acid?,"{'A': 'KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'RFDAIACWWDREDC-FRVQLJSFSA-N', 'C': 'BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N', 'D': 'WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexylacetic acid?,"{'A': 'WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'ALTAAUJNHYWOGS-LJGSYFOKSA-N', 'C': 'FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'SEKGMJVHSBBHRD-WZHZPDAFSA-M'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Galactose 1-phosphate?,"{'A': 'MIHNUBCEFJLAGN-DMMBONCOSA-N', 'B': 'MUCMKTPAZLSKTL-NSHDSACASA-N', 'C': 'HXXFSFRBOHSIMQ-FPRJBGLDSA-N', 'D': 'OTCCIMWXFLJLIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Epietiocholanolone?,"{'A': 'XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-N', 'B': 'QGXBDMJGAMFCBF-XRJZGPCZSA-N', 'C': 'RCPOVANIIKXVTB-YPPRVYOWSA-N', 'D': 'DKPMWHFRUGMUKF-JDDNAIEOSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of 7-Hydroxy-3-oxocholanoic acid?,"{'A': 'WASRLAPXOHTNAX-MFBGAUBSSA-N', 'B': 'KNVADAPHVNKTEP-MKYSPFRDSA-N', 'C': 'VEXDRERIMPLZLU-IUYQGCFVSA-N', 'D': 'KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O'}",B
What is the InChIKey of 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'ZQHYXNSQOIDNTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'WASRLAPXOHTNAX-MFBGAUBSSA-N', 'C': 'KZJWDPNRJALLNS-FBZNIEFRSA-N', 'D': 'HSCJRCZFDFQWRP-ABVWGUQPSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Campestanol?,"{'A': 'ARYTXMNEANMLMU-XKPVSPJHSA-N', 'B': 'LJORHONFMDUUHP-YHCGEDBISA-N', 'C': 'HLKXYZVTANABHZ-REOHCLBHSA-N', 'D': 'CBMYJHIOYJEBSB-WTVXNACZSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of N-Glycoloylganglioside GM1?,"{'A': 'WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'AUYYCJSJGJYCDS-LBPRGKRZSA-N', 'C': 'AXDXVEYHEODSPN-YPLGJCPNSA-N', 'D': 'WHRNXVBQVRYAKH-MBNVEIDWSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of 2-Furoylglycine?,"{'A': 'JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N', 'C': 'UFIVEPVSAGBUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'KSPQDMRTZZYQLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",D
"What is the InChIKey of 4-(2-Aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid?","{'A': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UTLSPDKDSA-N', 'B': 'GUGSXATYPSGVAY-DHKQUUGRSA-N', 'C': 'CAOVWYZQMPNAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N'}",C
"What is the InChIKey of 3a,7b,12a-Trihydroxy-5a-Cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'MUCMKTPAZLSKTL-NSHDSACASA-N', 'B': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-PWNRUWOFSA-N', 'C': 'JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of 2-Hydroxyadenine?,"{'A': 'DRAVOWXCEBXPTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'ZRQXMKMBBMNNQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'HCXVJBMSMIARIN-PHZDYDNGSA-N', 'D': 'OIZGSVFYNBZVIK-FHHHURIISA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Formiminoglutamic acid?,"{'A': 'FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N', 'B': 'NRXIKWMTVXPVEF-BYPYZUCNSA-N', 'C': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-BJOVICNYSA-N', 'D': 'JSJWCHRYRHKBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Valproic acid glucuronide?,"{'A': 'OTTXIFWBPRRYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'XXKSYIHWRBBHIC-JVWRJRKNSA-N', 'C': 'DWRXFEITVBNRMK-JXOAFFINSA-N', 'D': 'QQIVKFZWLZJXJT-DNKQKWOHSA-N'}",B
"What is the InChIKey of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone?","{'A': 'WKRBKYFIJPGYQC-DUXPYHPUSA-N', 'B': 'WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N', 'C': 'LQXVFWRQNMEDEE-LMVFSUKVSA-N', 'D': 'WMYIVSWWSRCZFA-RWVJFQLJSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Uroporphyrin II?,"{'A': 'UCTLRSWJYQTBFZ-DDPQNLDTSA-N', 'B': 'VEXDRERIMPLZLU-IUYQGCFVSA-N', 'C': 'UZRRNRRCPZZPNY-ZECRIGHZSA-N', 'D': 'JXFYRPWVBHUVFB-BGKHBZPASA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Indole?,"{'A': 'SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N', 'B': 'SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'PROQIPRRNZUXQM-ZXXIGWHRSA-N', 'D': 'PROQIPRRNZUXQM-LMMHAMTPSA-N'}",B
"What is the InChIKey of 4a-Methyl-5a-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-one?","{'A': 'GUGSXATYPSGVAY-DHKQUUGRSA-N', 'B': 'DBPZYKHQDWKORQ-SINUOACOSA-N', 'C': 'RGKBRPAAQSHTED-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'MYYIAHXIVFADCU-QMMMGPOBSA-N'}",B
"What is the InChIKey of 1,3,12-Trihydroxycholan-24-oic acid?","{'A': 'BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'VMWCOZPKGQMCRO-UICVJNQZSA-N', 'D': 'DAKYVYUAVGJDRK-JZBKOBKOSA-N'}",D
"What is the InChIKey of 3a,12b-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'DKPMWHFRUGMUKF-JDDNAIEOSA-N', 'B': 'WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N', 'C': 'KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-MFSKYVBHSA-N', 'D': 'HAEJPQIATWHALX-KQYNXXCUSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid?,"{'A': 'YCCMTCQQDULIFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N', 'C': 'AVJBPWGFOQAPRH-MMPMEFKSSA-N', 'D': 'XQXPVVBIMDBYFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Citric acid?,"{'A': 'ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N', 'B': 'SYEOWUNSTUDKGM-YFKPBYRVSA-N', 'C': 'HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Dihydrolipoamide?,"{'A': 'DBPWSSGDRRHUNT-CEGNMAFCSA-N', 'B': 'VLYUGYAKYZETRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'ALTAAUJNHYWOGS-LJGSYFOKSA-N', 'D': 'HXATVKDSYDWTCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Farnesyl pyrophosphate?,"{'A': 'PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-YFVJMOTDSA-N', 'C': 'CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N', 'D': 'QQIVKFZWLZJXJT-DNKQKWOHSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Uridine diphosphategalactose?,"{'A': 'HSCJRCZFDFQWRP-ABVWGUQPSA-N', 'B': 'SXQVOFSDWXYIRP-CYBMUJFWSA-N', 'C': 'WHRNXVBQVRYAKH-MBNVEIDWSA-N', 'D': 'HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Cysteine-S-sulfate?,"{'A': 'FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N', 'B': 'BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N', 'C': 'NOKPBJYHPHHWAN-REOHCLBHSA-N', 'D': 'LOUGYXZSURQALL-PWNYCUMCSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of cis-4-Decenedioic acid?,"{'A': 'BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'QGXBDMJGAMFCBF-QRIARFFBSA-N', 'C': 'XQXPVVBIMDBYFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'CXGDCGIPEJKSCK-IWQZZHSRSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Oenanthic ether?,"{'A': 'BNJOQKFENDDGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'CNWPIIOQKZNXBB-VCVMUKOKSA-N', 'C': 'MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N', 'D': 'TVQGDYNRXLTQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of beta-Carotene?,"{'A': 'QXKAIJAYHKCRRA-BXXZVTAOSA-N', 'B': 'OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N', 'C': 'BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'SYGWGHVTLUBCEM-SDYDLROXSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of 16a-Hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone?,"{'A': 'ZJUKTBDSGOFHSH-WFMPWKQPSA-N', 'B': 'MTDHILKWIRSIHB-QZABAPFNSA-N', 'C': 'MUCMKTPAZLSKTL-NSHDSACASA-N', 'D': 'QQIVKFZWLZJXJT-DNKQKWOHSA-N'}",D
"What is the InChIKey of 3beta,17alpha-Dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane?","{'A': 'BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'CCVYRRGZDBSHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'CBMYJHIOYJEBSB-MFXFBURESA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of 2-Methoxyestradiol-3-methylether?,"{'A': 'AVCFXYYRWRZONV-BKRJIHRRSA-N', 'B': 'WEUFSMQSXVJGBC-UJJXFSCMSA-N', 'C': 'FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-USOAJAOKSA-N', 'D': 'NHPWQASMMFUHIZ-OOOZRTEJSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Hexadecanedioic acid?,"{'A': 'JPIJQSOTBSSVTP-STHAYSLISA-N', 'B': 'WWUZIQQURGPMPG-KRWOKUGFSA-N', 'C': 'OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N', 'D': 'QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",D
"What is the InChIKey of 3a,6a,7b-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'AIHWGPJJINPTRP-VSASKLEVSA-N', 'B': 'GYUVAHWOVINGNE-RWXZXXAWSA-N', 'C': 'HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'DKPMWHFRUGMUKF-NTPBNISXSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of 18-Hydroxycortisol?,"{'A': 'MYYIAHXIVFADCU-QMMMGPOBSA-N', 'B': 'HESFZGWRDUVOMS-FJNAKSJRSA-N', 'C': 'AKRBLZKRYPEVIK-IACDPKRHSA-N', 'D': 'NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Androsterone?,"{'A': 'QGXBDMJGAMFCBF-HLUDHZFRSA-N', 'B': 'ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'XFTRTWQBIOMVPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'CCLQKVKJOGVQLU-QMMMGPOBSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of DL-Homocystine?,"{'A': 'ZTVZLYBCZNMWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'AKVBCGQVQXPRLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'QGXBDMJGAMFCBF-HLUDHZFRSA-N', 'D': 'NAACPBBQTFFYQB-XHDSEGDBSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Uric acid?,"{'A': 'LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'JPIJQSOTBSSVTP-PWNYCUMCSA-N', 'C': 'CAEFEWVYEZABLA-UUOKFMHZSA-N', 'D': 'KWKUIRGQJJFUCG-LMKUSPAJSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Hemin?,"{'A': 'BHTRKEVKTKCXOH-BJLOMENOSA-N', 'B': 'DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'BTIJJDXEELBZFS-HXFTUNQESA-K', 'D': 'OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Hydrocinnamic acid?,"{'A': 'RTGHRDFWYQHVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'COCMFMBNEAMQMA-KREOYVNCSA-N', 'C': 'XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'LZOSYCMHQXPBFU-OAHLLOKOSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Glucosylsphingosine?,"{'A': 'OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N', 'B': 'IHCPDBBYTYJYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'HHJTWTPUPVQKNA-KEVGHMQTSA-N', 'D': 'FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of 3-Hydroxysebacic acid?,"{'A': 'OQYZCCKCJQWHIE-MRVPVSSYSA-N', 'B': 'SNKAWJBJQDLSFF-NVKMUCNASA-N', 'C': 'XFBOJHLYDJZYSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Acetoacetic acid?,"{'A': 'WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N', 'C': 'XCCTYIAWTASOJW-XVFCMESISA-N', 'D': 'ARYTXMNEANMLMU-XKPVSPJHSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Tyramine?,"{'A': 'DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-APGDWVJJSA-N', 'D': 'DIVQKHQLANKJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Galactitol?,"{'A': 'BHTRKEVKTKCXOH-VSHSPWMTSA-N', 'B': 'AVCFXYYRWRZONV-BKRJIHRRSA-N', 'C': 'FBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N', 'D': 'GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Pentaporphyrin I?,"{'A': 'SXQVOFSDWXYIRP-CYBMUJFWSA-N', 'B': 'JZRYQZJSTWVBBD-CEVVSZFKSA-N', 'C': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UEXPSFCYSA-N', 'D': 'JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Adenylsuccinic acid?,"{'A': 'OTKJDMGTUTTYMP-ZWKOTPCHSA-N', 'B': 'PESKGJQREUXSRR-UXIWKSIVSA-N', 'C': 'OFBHPPMPBOJXRT-VWJPMABRSA-N', 'D': 'IGMNYECMUMZDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid?,"{'A': 'YDCRNMJQROAWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-GSVOUGTGSA-N', 'C': 'QTLYPQZWYOHATR-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'LDHMAVIPBRSVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-O'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Ursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'RUDATBOHQWOJDD-UZVSRGJWSA-N', 'B': 'ZTVZLYBCZNMWCF-ZBHICJROSA-N', 'C': 'VVIUBCNYACGLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'RDHQFKQIGNGIED-MRVPVSSYSA-O'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Protoporphyrin IX?,"{'A': 'MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'KSFOVUSSGSKXFI-UJJXFSCMSA-N', 'C': 'YIKKMWSQVKJCOP-QJFKPLHKSA-N', 'D': 'FFFHZYDWPBMWHY-VKHMYHEASA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Guanidoacetic acid?,"{'A': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OJGXVJBCSA-N', 'B': 'BPMFZUMJYQTVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'OLXZPDWKRNYJJZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N', 'D': 'AUQASCCBXZRMEG-RHKLHVFKSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Pterin?,"{'A': 'FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N', 'B': 'HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N', 'C': 'HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'SGMJBNSHAZVGMC-PWNYCUMCSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of gamma-Glutamylphenylalanine?,"{'A': 'VVIUBCNYACGLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'XHHOHZPNYFQJKL-QWRGUYRKSA-N', 'D': 'AXDXVEYHEODSPN-YPLGJCPNSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of 4-Hydroxyproline?,"{'A': 'WMQMIOYQXNRROC-LURJTMIESA-N', 'B': 'COCMFMBNEAMQMA-KREOYVNCSA-N', 'C': 'SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-YRMXFSIDSA-N', 'D': 'PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of L-Glutamine?,"{'A': 'BXFFHSIDQOFMLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'PESKGJQREUXSRR-UXIWKSIVSA-N', 'C': 'ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N', 'D': 'XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Hexanoylglycine?,"{'A': 'SMEROWZSTRWXGI-XBESLWPFSA-N', 'B': 'LOIYMIARKYCTBW-OWOJBTEDSA-N', 'C': 'UPCKIPHSXMXJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'MMKYSUOJWFKECQ-SSTWWWIQSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of 5Z-Dodecenoic acid?,"{'A': 'IJBFSOLHRKELLR-FPLPWBNLSA-N', 'B': 'FEMXZDUTFRTWPE-DZSWIPIPSA-N', 'C': 'FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-PGHAKIONSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Ascorbic acid?,"{'A': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UXWVVXDJSA-N', 'B': 'LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N', 'C': 'CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N', 'D': 'SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Cytidine?,"{'A': 'ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-XVFCMESISA-N', 'C': 'AVCFXYYRWRZONV-BKRJIHRRSA-N', 'D': 'WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Deoxycorticosterone?,"{'A': 'ZESRJSPZRDMNHY-YFWFAHHUSA-N', 'B': 'JVGVDSSUAVXRDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'COCMFMBNEAMQMA-XEGXWRQYSA-N', 'D': 'NGHBDJAOMFYFRP-PKXAPQLQSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of 2-Hydroxyestradiol?,"{'A': 'CBQJSKKFNMDLON-JTQLQIEISA-N', 'B': 'DILDHNKDVHLEQB-XSSYPUMDSA-N', 'C': 'KWDXXNWKTRGMDM-IYWGXSQHSA-N', 'D': 'VVPRQWTYSNDTEA-LLVKDONJSA-O'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Vinylacetylglycine?,"{'A': 'WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-TZLUGCQQSA-N', 'B': 'ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N', 'C': 'UKISAGFGRDHYFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'PROQIPRRNZUXQM-LMMHAMTPSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Cytidine monophosphate?,"{'A': 'BNTPVRGYUHJFHN-HWKANZROSA-N', 'B': 'TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'IERHLVCPSMICTF-XVFCMESISA-N', 'D': 'SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N'}",C
"What is the InChIKey of Erythrono-1,4-lactone?","{'A': 'RLCKHJSFHOZMDR-GUDVDZBRSA-N', 'B': 'VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'SGMJBNSHAZVGMC-PWNYCUMCSA-N', 'D': 'BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of cis-4-Hydroxycyclohexylacetic acid?,"{'A': 'PGAVKCOVUIYSFO-XVFCMESISA-N', 'B': 'CXGDCGIPEJKSCK-IWQZZHSRSA-N', 'C': 'ALTAAUJNHYWOGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'RGKBRPAAQSHTED-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Neuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N', 'B': 'CBMYJHIOYJEBSB-KHOSGYARSA-N', 'C': 'CXTATJFJDMJMIY-CYBMUJFWSA-O', 'D': 'CERZMXAJYMMUDR-YOQZMRDMSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Valerylglycine?,"{'A': 'RFDAIACWWDREDC-IFZPJRIXSA-N', 'B': 'NYZBWOSRZJKQAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'ZTVZLYBCZNMWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'PESKGJQREUXSRR-UXIWKSIVSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Porphinehexacarboxylic acid?,"{'A': 'VQFYONCZECTVOH-JWLKGTHFSA-N', 'B': 'UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N', 'C': 'DGABKXLVXPYZII-MMTMODRTSA-N', 'D': 'WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-GSVOUGTGSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Tridecanoic acid?,"{'A': 'KILNVBDSWZSGLL-KXQOOQHDSA-N', 'B': 'CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N', 'C': 'SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'FBZONXHGGPHHIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Methylamine?,"{'A': 'CREVIXFSUWYGRJ-IHMUCKAYSA-N', 'B': 'WJFVEEAIYIOATH-FMDGEEDCSA-N', 'C': 'UCTLRSWJYQTBFZ-DDPQNLDTSA-N', 'D': 'BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Chenodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'UFYGCFHQAXXBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N', 'C': 'MIHNUBCEFJLAGN-DMMBONCOSA-N', 'D': 'RUDATBOHQWOJDD-BSWAIDMHSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of 3-Methylglutaconic acid?,"{'A': 'WKRBKYFIJPGYQC-DUXPYHPUSA-N', 'B': 'FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'AODPIQQILQLWGS-VSJLKEFSSA-N', 'D': 'UYPYRKYUKCHHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Undecanoic acid?,"{'A': 'UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'KSFOVUSSGSKXFI-UJJXFSCMSA-N', 'C': 'ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Urocanic acid?,"{'A': 'LOIYMIARKYCTBW-OWOJBTEDSA-N', 'B': 'QXKAIJAYHKCRRA-JJYYJPOSSA-N', 'C': 'JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-APGDWVJJSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Cortexolone?,"{'A': 'VVIUBCNYACGLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'UFAHZIUFPNSHSL-MRVPVSSYSA-O', 'C': 'FBZONXHGGPHHIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'WHBHBVVOGNECLV-OBQKJFGGSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of L-Homocystine?,"{'A': 'XBSQTYHEGZTYJE-OETIFKLTSA-N', 'B': 'ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N', 'C': 'ZTVZLYBCZNMWCF-ZBHICJROSA-N', 'D': 'YXMCPINQJVUPGV-HETPMVKVSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of 3-Furoic acid?,"{'A': 'YDCRNMJQROAWFT-RXMQYKEDSA-N', 'B': 'HHJTWTPUPVQKNA-PIIMIWFASA-N', 'C': 'IHCCAYCGZOLTEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'MYYIAHXIVFADCU-QMMMGPOBSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid?,"{'A': 'YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'SAVLIIGUQOSOEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'KNVADAPHVNKTEP-CIGXQKLNSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Ergosterol?,"{'A': 'BHYOQNUELFTYRT-DPAQBDIFSA-N', 'B': 'VEYYWZRYIYDQJM-ZETCQYMHSA-N', 'C': 'DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-APGDWVJJSA-N', 'D': 'WASRLAPXOHTNAX-MFBGAUBSSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Serotonin?,"{'A': 'WHTCPDAXWFLDIH-KQYNXXCUSA-N', 'B': 'QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'RTGHRDFWYQHVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'LDHMAVIPBRSVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-O'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Ureidosuccinic acid?,"{'A': 'IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'HLKXYZVTANABHZ-REOHCLBHSA-N', 'C': 'YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Dopamine?,"{'A': 'VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'KHPXUQMNIQBQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'DKPMWHFRUGMUKF-CRKPLTDNSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Allopurinol riboside?,"{'A': 'VEYYWZRYIYDQJM-ZETCQYMHSA-N', 'B': 'DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'CKTSBUTUHBMZGZ-SHYZEUOFSA-N', 'D': 'KFQUAMTWOJHPEJ-DAGMQNCNSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of 5-Hydroxylysine?,"{'A': 'YSMODUONRAFBET-UHNVWZDZSA-N', 'B': 'YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-AAJYLUCBSA-N', 'C': 'ORAWFNKFUWGRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Succinylacetone?,"{'A': 'HFCPFJNSBPQJDP-NXEZZACHSA-N', 'B': 'OIVLITBTBDPEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'WYEPBHZLDUPIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Xanthosine 5-triphosphate?,"{'A': 'OBKXEAXTFZPCHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-CBQIKETKSA-N', 'C': 'GHCZAUBVMUEKKP-XROMFQGDSA-N', 'D': 'CAEFEWVYEZABLA-UUOKFMHZSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of D-Ribose?,"{'A': 'RZTOWFMDBDPERY-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-XVFCMESISA-N', 'C': 'HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N', 'D': 'YZQCXOFQZKCETR-UWVGGRQHSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Thymine?,"{'A': 'QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'OLSDAJRAVOVKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'RZTOWFMDBDPERY-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Sarcosine?,"{'A': 'QYIXCDOBOSTCEI-QCYZZNICSA-N', 'B': 'FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'BITYXLXUCSKTJS-ZETCQYMHSA-N', 'D': 'AQYCMVICBNBXNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of S-Adenosylhomocysteine?,"{'A': 'ORNBQBCIOKFOEO-QGVNFLHTSA-N', 'B': 'SXQVOFSDWXYIRP-CYBMUJFWSA-N', 'C': 'ZJUKTBDSGOFHSH-WFMPWKQPSA-N', 'D': 'NAQGHJTUZRHGAC-ZZZDFHIKSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Pyroglutamic acid?,"{'A': 'KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-OFYXWCICSA-N', 'B': 'YSZSVGFMAJXGMQ-FRICUITQSA-N', 'C': 'ODHCTXKNWHHXJC-VKHMYHEASA-N', 'D': 'SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-YRMXFSIDSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Umanopterin?,"{'A': 'OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N', 'B': 'RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'BMQYVXCPAOLZOK-INEUFUBQSA-N', 'D': 'HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the InChIKey of Xanthine?,"{'A': 'LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-NSYKHXCCSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid?,"{'A': 'RGWHQCVHVJXOKC-SHYZEUOFSA-N', 'B': 'GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N', 'C': 'BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-KRHHAYMPSA-N', 'D': 'DUUGKQCEGZLZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",D
What is the InChIKey of Capric acid?,"{'A': 'GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'HXEACLLIILLPRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'OTKJDMGTUTTYMP-ZWKOTPCHSA-N', 'D': 'PXQPEWDEAKTCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of Caproic acid?,"{'A': 'FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'B': 'SMEROWZSTRWXGI-HVATVPOCSA-N', 'C': 'PROQIPRRNZUXQM-ZMSHIADSSA-N', 'D': 'OTCCIMWXFLJLIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N'}",A
What is the InChIKey of gamma-Aminobutyric acid?,"{'A': 'DKEXFJVMVGETOO-LURJTMIESA-N', 'B': 'BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'C': 'BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'D': 'WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-GSVOUGTGSA-N'}",B
What is the InChIKey of Arabinonic acid?,"{'A': 'OTKJDMGTUTTYMP-ZWKOTPCHSA-N', 'B': 'XCCTYIAWTASOJW-XVFCMESISA-N', 'C': 'QXKAIJAYHKCRRA-JJYYJPOSSA-N', 'D': 'LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Glutaconic acid?,"{'A': 'C19909', 'B': 'C16308', 'C': 'C02191', 'D': 'C02214'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Fe2+?,"{'A': 'C14818', 'B': 'C00671', 'C': 'C00076', 'D': 'C00175'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of D-Mannose?,"{'A': 'C00936', 'B': 'C05672', 'C': 'C00898', 'D': 'C05464'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Ethanol?,"{'A': 'C00469', 'B': 'C00186', 'C': 'C19654', 'D': 'C00312'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of L-Threonine?,"{'A': 'C00188', 'B': 'C01179', 'C': 'C00081', 'D': 'C06124'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of 4-Hydroxybutyric acid?,"{'A': 'C00093', 'B': 'C00166', 'C': 'C01991', 'D': 'C02953'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Biopterin?,"{'A': 'C19910', 'B': 'C04015', 'C': 'C00360', 'D': 'C06313'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Magnesium?,"{'A': 'C00305', 'B': 'C01094', 'C': 'C01419', 'D': 'C08262'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Lithocholic acid?,"{'A': 'C03990', 'B': 'C01904', 'C': 'C00182', 'D': 'C03722'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Mandelic acid?,"{'A': 'C00486', 'B': 'C00013', 'C': 'C01984', 'D': 'C00140'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Adipic acid?,"{'A': 'C03519', 'B': 'C06104', 'C': 'C00330', 'D': 'C00198'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Cytidine?,"{'A': 'C00475', 'B': 'C11527', 'C': 'C00214', 'D': 'C00429'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'C04895', 'B': 'C01176', 'C': 'C01087', 'D': 'C00015'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Quinaldic acid?,"{'A': 'C05582', 'B': 'C12525', 'C': 'C00076', 'D': 'C06325'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Isoursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'C17662', 'B': 'C00234', 'C': 'C00262', 'D': 'C00164'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Citrulline?,"{'A': 'C00157', 'B': 'C06730', 'C': 'C00327', 'D': 'C00085'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid?,"{'A': 'C01479', 'B': 'C15584', 'C': 'C00167', 'D': 'C01233'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Gluconic acid?,"{'A': 'C00565', 'B': 'C03722', 'C': 'C01104', 'D': 'C00257'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Urea?,"{'A': 'C00378', 'B': 'C00086', 'C': 'C11527', 'D': 'C00079'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of D-Ribulose?,"{'A': 'C01137', 'B': 'C00309', 'C': 'C00084', 'D': 'C02242'}",B
"What is the KEGG ID of 3a,6b,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'C05301', 'B': 'C00429', 'C': 'C00186', 'D': 'C01094'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of NADPH?,"{'A': 'C00475', 'B': 'C05298', 'C': 'C00005', 'D': 'C00884'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Ribonic acid?,"{'A': 'C00392', 'B': 'C01685', 'C': 'C01176', 'D': 'C00455'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Deoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'C00674', 'B': 'C00013', 'C': 'C04483', 'D': 'C05299'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Ursocholic acid?,"{'A': 'C00491', 'B': 'C00360', 'C': 'C17644', 'D': 'C00695'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Hexadecanedioic acid?,"{'A': 'C19615', 'B': 'C06001', 'C': 'C00463', 'D': 'C00931'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Galactosylhydroxylysine?,"{'A': 'C05547', 'B': 'C17646', 'C': 'C00093', 'D': 'C02191'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of 3-Sulfinoalanine?,"{'A': 'C02727', 'B': 'C00346', 'C': 'C00606', 'D': 'C00455'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Quinolinic acid?,"{'A': 'C03722', 'B': 'C02214', 'C': 'C17658', 'D': 'C00106'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Formiminoglutamic acid?,"{'A': 'C05584', 'B': 'C00099', 'C': 'C00439', 'D': 'C15568'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Cobalt?,"{'A': 'C00311', 'B': 'C00158', 'C': 'C00070', 'D': 'C00175'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Succinic acid?,"{'A': 'C03878', 'B': 'C00042', 'C': 'C01685', 'D': 'C05529'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol glucuronide?,"{'A': 'C02838', 'B': 'C00925', 'C': 'C00020', 'D': 'C03033'}",D
"What is the KEGG ID of 3a,7b,12a-Trihydroxy-5a-Cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'C02373', 'B': 'C01753', 'C': 'C02469', 'D': 'C05629'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Argininosuccinic acid?,"{'A': 'C03747', 'B': 'C15532', 'C': 'C03406', 'D': 'C10470'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of D-Glucuronic acid?,"{'A': 'C00881', 'B': 'C00483', 'C': 'C00191', 'D': 'C00063'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Adenosine triphosphate?,"{'A': 'C05463', 'B': 'C00936', 'C': 'C00002', 'D': 'C01137'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Oxalacetic acid?,"{'A': 'C00036', 'B': 'C17726', 'C': 'C00022', 'D': 'C00305'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Isovaleric acid?,"{'A': 'C08262', 'B': 'C00049', 'C': 'C05770', 'D': 'C05313'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Guanidoacetic acid?,"{'A': 'C17737', 'B': 'C03862', 'C': 'C06104', 'D': 'C00581'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of 2-Ketobutyric acid?,"{'A': 'C00070', 'B': 'C03794', 'C': 'C00109', 'D': 'C03017'}",C
"What is the KEGG ID of D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate?","{'A': 'C01382', 'B': 'C17076', 'C': 'C01220', 'D': 'C00463'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Isocitric acid?,"{'A': 'C00311', 'B': 'C10470', 'C': 'C01026', 'D': 'C00936'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Porphobilinogen?,"{'A': 'C02953', 'B': 'C00931', 'C': 'C11457', 'D': 'C00109'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of N-Acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate?,"{'A': 'C00114', 'B': 'C00695', 'C': 'C04132', 'D': 'C05589'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Alpha-Tetrasaccharide?,"{'A': 'C06768', 'B': 'C14441', 'C': 'C01984', 'D': 'C01124'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Isopropyl alcohol?,"{'A': 'C16537', 'B': 'C00122', 'C': 'C01845', 'D': 'C17662'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Uridine diphosphategalactose?,"{'A': 'C05441', 'B': 'C00504', 'C': 'C00052', 'D': 'C00077'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Sarcosine?,"{'A': 'C00931', 'B': 'C00047', 'C': 'C00213', 'D': 'C00152'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'C00712', 'B': 'C03196', 'C': 'C03197', 'D': 'C00123'}",B
"What is the KEGG ID of CE(18:2(9Z,12Z))?","{'A': 'C15571', 'B': 'C00163', 'C': 'C15441', 'D': 'C16535'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Uridine 5'-monophosphate?,"{'A': 'C00015', 'B': 'C00105', 'C': 'C01953', 'D': 'C01984'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Uridine diphosphate acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate?,"{'A': 'C00208', 'B': 'C00079', 'C': 'C04426', 'D': 'C00082'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Alpha-Lactose?,"{'A': 'C00119', 'B': 'C00314', 'C': 'C00243', 'D': 'C02291'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Glutathione?,"{'A': 'C00051', 'B': 'C02336', 'C': 'C06469', 'D': 'C00836'}",A
"What is the KEGG ID of 3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid?","{'A': 'C10447', 'B': 'C01694', 'C': 'C17726', 'D': 'C00048'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Trimethylamine N-oxide?,"{'A': 'C00446', 'B': 'C00077', 'C': 'C06672', 'D': 'C01104'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine?,"{'A': 'C03033', 'B': 'C02341', 'C': 'C00606', 'D': 'C05596'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of 7-Dehydrocholesterol?,"{'A': 'C01164', 'B': 'C00898', 'C': 'C00120', 'D': 'C05127'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Cortisol?,"{'A': 'C00878', 'B': 'C05122', 'C': 'C01620', 'D': 'C00735'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Acetylcholine?,"{'A': 'C03033', 'B': 'C00120', 'C': 'C02642', 'D': 'C01996'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Ergosterol?,"{'A': 'C01694', 'B': 'C17727', 'C': 'C00535', 'D': 'C14383'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Vitamin A?,"{'A': 'C01770', 'B': 'C17276', 'C': 'C03299', 'D': 'C00243'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Arabinonic acid?,"{'A': 'C06390', 'B': 'C17714', 'C': 'C00878', 'D': 'C13713'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of 16b-Hydroxyestrone?,"{'A': 'C00002', 'B': 'C00140', 'C': 'C00401', 'D': 'C05300'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Ascorbic acid?,"{'A': 'C00123', 'B': 'C03761', 'C': 'C01904', 'D': 'C01041'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Hydrogen carbonate?,"{'A': 'C00231', 'B': 'C17644', 'C': 'C01353', 'D': 'C03547'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of 2-Methoxyestrone?,"{'A': 'C00742', 'B': 'C00183', 'C': 'C00191', 'D': 'C05299'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Creatinine?,"{'A': 'C01717', 'B': 'C01330', 'C': 'C18043', 'D': 'C00791'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Homovanillic acid?,"{'A': 'C05672', 'B': 'C00064', 'C': 'C05582', 'D': 'C01233'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of Deoxyadenosine?,"{'A': 'C01991', 'B': 'C00559', 'C': 'C00123', 'D': 'C00299'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Tetrahydrocortisol?,"{'A': 'C05767', 'B': 'C00272', 'C': 'C06313', 'D': 'C05465'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of N-Acetylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'C00212', 'B': 'C19910', 'C': 'C00167', 'D': 'C01094'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Suberic acid?,"{'A': 'C08278', 'B': 'C00334', 'C': 'C00951', 'D': 'C10438'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Cytidine triphosphate?,"{'A': 'C00380', 'B': 'C00063', 'C': 'C19368', 'D': 'C01137'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of D-Ribulose 5-phosphate?,"{'A': 'C00199', 'B': 'C01087', 'C': 'C00836', 'D': 'C00458'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Taurocholic acid?,"{'A': 'C05529', 'B': 'C05122', 'C': 'C00123', 'D': 'C00309'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Deoxycytidine?,"{'A': 'C00245', 'B': 'C02479', 'C': 'C00881', 'D': 'C01252'}",C
What is the KEGG ID of L-Lysine?,"{'A': 'C00455', 'B': 'C00695', 'C': 'C00121', 'D': 'C00047'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Aspartylglycosamine?,"{'A': 'C04540', 'B': 'C03761', 'C': 'C00191', 'D': 'C03197'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Chenodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'C02528', 'B': 'C00565', 'C': 'C00318', 'D': 'C00931'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Cytidine monophosphate?,"{'A': 'C00123', 'B': 'C00055', 'C': 'C04015', 'D': 'C00643'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Tetrahydrobiopterin?,"{'A': 'C00864', 'B': 'C00234', 'C': 'C01747', 'D': 'C00272'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Phenylacetic acid?,"{'A': 'C07086', 'B': 'C00122', 'C': 'C00037', 'D': 'C18043'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of D-alpha-Aminobutyric acid?,"{'A': 'C00387', 'B': 'C00042', 'C': 'C02261', 'D': 'C00181'}",C
"What is the KEGG ID of Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate?","{'A': 'C07635', 'B': 'C00262', 'C': 'C05465', 'D': 'C00054'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Cysteinylglycine?,"{'A': 'C00086', 'B': 'C01419', 'C': 'C02067', 'D': 'C01717'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Fumaric acid?,"{'A': 'C00221', 'B': 'C07880', 'C': 'C03207', 'D': 'C00122'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of 5alpha-Cholestanone?,"{'A': 'C00519', 'B': 'C04426', 'C': 'C00243', 'D': 'C03238'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Rhamnose?,"{'A': 'C03264', 'B': 'C00507', 'C': 'C00715', 'D': 'C00026'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of 1-Methylhistamine?,"{'A': 'C01601', 'B': 'C05127', 'C': 'C00879', 'D': 'C00387'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Vanillic acid?,"{'A': 'C00082', 'B': 'C06672', 'C': 'C00334', 'D': 'C02845'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Dihydroneopterin triphosphate?,"{'A': 'C00606', 'B': 'C04895', 'C': 'C00029', 'D': 'C17737'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Ethanolamine?,"{'A': 'C00835', 'B': 'C03088', 'C': 'C00087', 'D': 'C00189'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Guanine?,"{'A': 'C00242', 'B': 'C00380', 'C': 'C02170', 'D': 'C19368'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of N-Acetyl-a-neuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'C07086', 'B': 'C19909', 'C': 'C00280', 'D': 'C01712'}",B
What is the KEGG ID of Biotin?,"{'A': 'C00120', 'B': 'C14818', 'C': 'C00526', 'D': 'C00175'}",A
What is the KEGG ID of Mesaconic acid?,"{'A': 'C00984', 'B': 'C00429', 'C': 'C00544', 'D': 'C01732'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of 4-Pyridoxic acid?,"{'A': 'C00597', 'B': 'C00337', 'C': 'C03017', 'D': 'C00847'}",D
What is the KEGG ID of Thymidine?,"{'A': 'C00486', 'B': 'C01808', 'C': 'C00087', 'D': 'C00214'}",D
Where is Epiandrosterone found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Feces', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",B
Where is Glycylproline found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Saliva', 'B': 'Prostate Tissue', 'C': 'Sweat', 'D': 'Bile'}",A
Where is Xanthurenic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Breath', 'C': 'Feces', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",C
Where is 1-Methylhistamine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breast Milk', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Breath', 'D': 'Blood'}",D
Where is PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Saliva', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",B
Where is Dimethylglycine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",C
Where is Hydrocinnamic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breath', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'D': 'Bile'}",B
Where is Isovalerylcarnitine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breast Milk', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Breath'}",C
Where is (S)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Saliva', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Feces', 'D': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)'}",B
Where is D-Ribulose 5-phosphate found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'B': 'Saliva', 'C': 'Feces', 'D': 'Semen'}",B
Where is L-Glutamine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Pericardial Effusion'}",B
Where is Hypotaurine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Saliva', 'B': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'C': 'Breath', 'D': 'Pericardial Effusion'}",A
Where is alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breath', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Cellular Cytoplasm'}",C
Where is 1-Methylhistamine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'B': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Saliva', 'D': 'Semen'}",C
Where is Acetic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Feces', 'B': 'Sweat', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",A
Where is D-Galactose found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Pericardial Effusion'}",B
Where is L-Glutamine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Breath', 'D': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)'}",D
Where is Guanidoacetic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Saliva', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",B
Where is Ketoleucine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Prostate Tissue', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",A
Where is Pyridinoline found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Prostate Tissue', 'D': 'Breath'}",B
"Where is 5b-Cholestane-3a,7a,12a,23S,25-pentol found as a biospecimen?","{'A': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'C': 'Breath', 'D': 'Feces'}",D
Where is Phenylacetylglycine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breath', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",B
Where is Acetylcholine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breast Milk', 'B': 'Sweat', 'C': 'Saliva', 'D': 'Blood'}",C
Where is 3-Hydroxysuberic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Sweat', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Prostate Tissue'}",A
Where is Glycine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Breath'}",B
Where is Azelaic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Feces', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Prostate Tissue', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",A
Where is Methylamine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Blood', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'D': 'Cellular Cytoplasm'}",A
Where is Argininosuccinic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breath', 'B': 'Breast Milk', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Semen'}",C
Where is D-Glucose found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'B': 'Prostate Tissue', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Bile'}",A
Where is L-Glutamic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breast Milk', 'B': 'Prostate Tissue', 'C': 'Breath', 'D': 'Blood'}",D
Where is Succinylacetone found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'B': 'Breath', 'C': 'Prostate Tissue', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",A
Where is Erythronic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Breath'}",B
Where is 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'C': 'Breast Milk', 'D': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)'}",D
Where is 2-Hydroxybutyric acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Blood', 'B': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Bile'}",A
Where is Propionic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Feces', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",A
"Where is 1,3-Diaminopropane found as a biospecimen?","{'A': 'Feces', 'B': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'C': 'Sweat', 'D': 'Prostate Tissue'}",A
Where is Isovaleric acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Breath', 'C': 'Prostate Tissue', 'D': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)'}",D
Where is Hydroxyisocaproic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Saliva', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Breath'}",B
Where is Inosine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Breast Milk', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Pericardial Effusion'}",D
Where is 4-Methylcatechol found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Saliva'}",C
Where is Acetoacetic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",C
Where is Glutaconic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breath', 'B': 'Sweat', 'C': 'Urine', 'D': 'Blood'}",C
Where is Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'D': 'Semen'}",B
Where is Riboflavin found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Saliva', 'C': 'Breast Milk', 'D': 'Sweat'}",B
Where is Traumatic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'Prostate Tissue', 'C': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'D': 'Blood'}",D
Where is Homocitrulline found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Saliva', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",B
Where is L-Tryptophan found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Blood', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'D': 'Semen'}",A
Where is Erythronic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Prostate Tissue', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",A
Where is D-Mannose found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Prostate Tissue', 'C': 'Urine', 'D': 'Semen'}",C
Where is Vanillylmandelic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Bile'}",C
Where is 3-Methyladipic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Saliva', 'C': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'D': 'Cellular Cytoplasm'}",A
Where is D-Fructose found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'D': 'Urine'}",D
Where is Xanthosine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Pericardial Effusion'}",B
Where is Mandelic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Bile'}",B
Where is Glycylproline found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Feces', 'D': 'Sweat'}",C
Where is NADPH found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Bile', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Feces', 'D': 'Saliva'}",B
Where is Creatinine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breath', 'B': 'Prostate Tissue', 'C': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'D': 'Bile'}",C
Where is Oxalacetic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'D': 'Pericardial Effusion'}",C
Where is 3-Hydroxyadipic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Blood'}",D
Where is L-Histidine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Feces', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Breath'}",B
Where is Phosphoserine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Breath', 'C': 'Prostate Tissue', 'D': 'Urine'}",D
Where is 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'B': 'Breath', 'C': 'Feces', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",C
Where is L-Leucine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breast Milk', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Breath', 'D': 'Cellular Cytoplasm'}",A
Where is 3-Methyladipic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breast Milk', 'B': 'Feces', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Breath'}",B
Where is Indoleacetic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",C
Where is Guanine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Breath'}",A
Where is 2-Hydroxyestrone found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Cellular Cytoplasm'}",C
Where is Glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",C
Where is Adenosine monophosphate found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Breath', 'C': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'D': 'Bile'}",C
Where is Cysteinylglycine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Sweat', 'D': 'Semen'}",B
Where is Glucaric acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Prostate Tissue', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Sweat'}",A
Where is Thymine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Bile', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Breast Milk', 'D': 'Feces'}",D
Where is Isovalerylglycine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Saliva', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Prostate Tissue', 'D': 'Bile'}",B
Where is Lithocholic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Feces', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Saliva'}",B
Where is Histamine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breast Milk', 'B': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'C': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'D': 'Semen'}",C
Where is Ureidopropionic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Feces', 'B': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Saliva', 'D': 'Breath'}",A
Where is Dehydroepiandrosterone found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Saliva', 'B': 'Feces', 'C': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'D': 'Breath'}",A
Where is 2-Phosphoglyceric acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Prostate Tissue', 'B': 'Breast Milk', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Feces'}",C
Where is Adenosine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'C': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'D': 'Breath'}",A
Where is Androstenedione found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Breast Milk', 'D': 'Semen'}",B
Where is Cyanocobalamin found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Bile', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Sweat', 'D': 'Breath'}",B
Where is 2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Saliva', 'C': 'Breast Milk', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",A
Where is Acetylglycine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Saliva', 'B': 'Prostate Tissue', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Bile'}",A
Where is 3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breath', 'B': 'Prostate Tissue', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",C
Where is L-Alloisoleucine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Breath'}",B
Where is Levoglucosan found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breath', 'B': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'D': 'Feces'}",D
Where is Linoleic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Breast Milk', 'C': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'D': 'Urine'}",D
Where is Acetic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'B': 'Sweat', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Blood'}",D
Where is Tetradecanedioic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Bile', 'B': 'Breast Milk', 'C': 'Blood', 'D': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)'}",C
Where is O-Phosphoethanolamine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breath', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Saliva'}",D
Where is 3-Methylhistidine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'Cellular Cytoplasm', 'C': 'Feces', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",C
Where is L-Alanine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Bile', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Breath', 'D': 'Urine'}",D
Where is Traumatic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Saliva', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'D': 'Bile'}",B
Where is Pimelic acid found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Sweat', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)', 'D': 'Breast Milk'}",B
Where is L-Valine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Blood', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Prostate Tissue', 'D': 'Amniotic Fluid'}",A
Where is Porphobilinogen found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Blood'}",D
Where is Rhamnose found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Blood', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Feces', 'D': 'Breath'}",C
Where is Normetanephrine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Breast Milk', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Breath', 'D': 'Sweat'}",B
Where is Indole found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Pericardial Effusion', 'B': 'Amniotic Fluid', 'C': 'Urine', 'D': 'Prostate Tissue'}",C
Where is L-Acetylcarnitine found as a biospecimen?,"{'A': 'Blood', 'B': 'Sweat', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Semen'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00001?,"{'A': 'SMP00457', 'B': 'map00514', 'C': 'rn01053', 'D': 'map05200'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with Taurochenodesoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'SMP00715', 'B': 'map00330', 'C': 'SMP00315', 'D': 'SMP00620'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R01547?,"{'A': 'rn01232', 'B': 'SMP00054', 'C': 'SMP00299', 'D': 'SMP00589'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R09580?,"{'A': 'map02024', 'B': 'SMP00664', 'C': 'SMP00616', 'D': 'rn01100'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with L-Methionine?,"{'A': 'map04714', 'B': 'SMP00484', 'C': 'SMP00702', 'D': 'map04728'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C01780?,"{'A': 'map04974', 'B': 'SMP00152', 'C': 'map04211', 'D': 'map00552(G13182)'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00356?,"{'A': 'SMP00071', 'B': 'map07037', 'C': 'SMP00328', 'D': 'rn00997'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C14769?,"{'A': 'SMP00156', 'B': 'SMP00094', 'C': 'rn00572', 'D': 'rn00660'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 1.13.11.25?,"{'A': 'SMP00031', 'B': 'SMP00507', 'C': 'SMP00164', 'D': 'map01120'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid?,"{'A': 'SMP00503', 'B': 'SMP00524', 'C': 'map04152', 'D': 'SYN001'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R01905?,"{'A': 'map00563', 'B': 'rn00040', 'C': 'SMP00510', 'D': 'SMP00398'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with L-Glutamic acid?,"{'A': 'map04140', 'B': 'map00361', 'C': 'SMP11864', 'D': 'SMP63816'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00305?,"{'A': 'SMP00741', 'B': 'map00946', 'C': 'SMP00598', 'D': 'SMP63755'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R11273?,"{'A': 'rn01232', 'B': 'rn00524', 'C': 'map01100(G13108)', 'D': 'SMP63452'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00020?,"{'A': 'SMP00525', 'B': 'SMP00257', 'C': 'map03261(G00255)', 'D': 'SMP00318'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C16243?,"{'A': 'SMP00433', 'B': 'map05220', 'C': 'map00780', 'D': 'map01240'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C05490?,"{'A': 'map05415', 'B': 'SMP00568', 'C': 'SMP00717', 'D': 'map00906'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R05926?,"{'A': 'rn00534', 'B': 'map01100(G13119)', 'C': 'SMP00331', 'D': 'SMP00574'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R12626?,"{'A': 'rn01110', 'B': 'rn00523', 'C': 'map00603(G00093)', 'D': 'SMP00296'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 2.2.1.10?,"{'A': 'map01110', 'B': 'map00532(G00156)', 'C': 'SMP00482', 'D': 'SMP00351'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R01811?,"{'A': 'rn00520', 'B': 'SMP00065', 'C': 'SMP00077', 'D': 'SMP62886'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with Chloride ion?,"{'A': 'SMP00439', 'B': 'SMP00337', 'C': 'rn00626', 'D': 'SMP00090'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with Adenosine triphosphate?,"{'A': 'SMP57586', 'B': 'SMP00704', 'C': 'map01100(G00111)', 'D': 'SMP00415'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with Oxalacetic acid?,"{'A': 'SMP62795', 'B': 'SMP00550', 'C': 'map00785', 'D': 'map04218'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C20137?,"{'A': 'SMP00736', 'B': 'rn00020', 'C': 'map01110', 'D': 'SMP00670'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 1.14.13.227?,"{'A': 'map00650', 'B': 'SMP00433', 'C': 'SMP00458', 'D': 'SMP00347'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R06785?,"{'A': 'map00901', 'B': 'SMP00147', 'C': 'rn01100', 'D': 'rn00524'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R07459?,"{'A': 'SMP00050', 'B': 'map05207', 'C': 'rn01240', 'D': 'SMP00278'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C01724?,"{'A': 'map00600', 'B': 'map01100(G00042)', 'C': 'SMP00117', 'D': 'SMP00340'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R10404?,"{'A': 'map00980', 'B': 'rn00270', 'C': 'SMP00695', 'D': 'map05020'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C14777?,"{'A': 'SMP00607', 'B': 'SMP00610', 'C': 'map05167', 'D': 'SMP00116'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R03097?,"{'A': 'SMP00679', 'B': 'map04371', 'C': 'SMP00228', 'D': 'rn00380'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R06791?,"{'A': 'rn00360', 'B': 'map04340', 'C': 'SMP59044', 'D': 'rn00513'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C05258?,"{'A': 'rn00331', 'B': 'SMP89975', 'C': 'SMP00175', 'D': 'map01212'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C04623?,"{'A': 'rn00550', 'B': 'map05207', 'C': 'map04710', 'D': 'rn00360'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 2.6.1.96?,"{'A': 'rn00920', 'B': 'SMP00673', 'C': 'SMP00223', 'D': 'map00250'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with M00827?,"{'A': 'map00562', 'B': 'rn00401', 'C': 'map04066', 'D': 'map01059'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R11065?,"{'A': 'map04672', 'B': 'SMP00244', 'C': 'SMP00007', 'D': 'rn00998'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C05499  ?,"{'A': 'map01100(G00007)', 'B': 'map04151', 'C': 'SMP00596', 'D': 'SMP00373'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00360?,"{'A': 'SMP00282', 'B': 'SMP00101', 'C': 'SMP00427', 'D': 'SMP62880'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C11994?,"{'A': 'map01110', 'B': 'map01059', 'C': 'SMP00644', 'D': 'rn00500'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R05276?,"{'A': 'SMP00032', 'B': 'SMP00246', 'C': 'SMP00484', 'D': 'rn00364'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C03090?,"{'A': 'rn00603', 'B': 'SMP00085', 'C': 'map00230', 'D': 'map00534(G00157)'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with Formic acid?,"{'A': 'map00563(G12396)', 'B': 'SMP00686', 'C': 'SMP00112', 'D': 'map01100(G00095)'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00059?,"{'A': 'map00785', 'B': 'SMP00532', 'C': 'map00030', 'D': 'map04070'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R01903?,"{'A': 'map04112', 'B': 'rn00040', 'C': 'map05133', 'D': 'map00550'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C01944?,"{'A': 'SMP59720', 'B': 'map00290', 'C': 'SMP00268', 'D': 'SMP00235'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00077?,"{'A': 'SMP00504', 'B': 'map05332', 'C': 'SMP89843', 'D': 'SMP00196'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C05274?,"{'A': 'SMP00410', 'B': 'map01212', 'C': 'SMP60195', 'D': 'SMP00634'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R11474?,"{'A': 'SMP00156', 'B': 'SMP57581', 'C': 'rn00523', 'D': 'map05131'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C16210?,"{'A': 'map00624', 'B': 'SMP00060', 'C': 'map01100(G13107)', 'D': 'SMP00516'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00597?,"{'A': 'SMP00374', 'B': 'rn00405', 'C': 'map01051', 'D': 'SMP00076'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with M00777?,"{'A': 'SMP00411', 'B': 'SMP58903', 'C': 'SMP00579', 'D': 'map01110'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R01826?,"{'A': 'SMP00286', 'B': 'rn01110', 'C': 'map01230', 'D': 'map01100(G00114)'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C07915?,"{'A': 'map04918', 'B': 'SMP00667', 'C': 'SMP00273', 'D': 'map00310'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C06802?,"{'A': 'SMP00423', 'B': 'SMP00107', 'C': 'map01100', 'D': 'SMP63757'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C01144?,"{'A': 'SMP63773', 'B': 'SMP00594', 'C': 'map01110', 'D': 'map00600'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R01870?,"{'A': 'rn00240', 'B': 'SMP59110', 'C': 'SMP00285', 'D': 'SMP00309'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C04431?,"{'A': 'rn00513', 'B': 'SMP64047', 'C': 'map00361', 'D': 'map05150'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R04958?,"{'A': 'SMP00233', 'B': 'SMP59716', 'C': 'rn01100', 'D': 'SMP11860'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R12025?,"{'A': 'map05220', 'B': 'map05166', 'C': 'map04928', 'D': 'rn01120'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00072?,"{'A': 'SMP00087', 'B': 'SMP00494', 'C': 'rn00430', 'D': 'SMP00359'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 1.1.1.92?,"{'A': 'map00630', 'B': 'rn00120', 'C': 'SMP00719', 'D': 'rn00730'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C01245?,"{'A': 'rn00720', 'B': 'map05218', 'C': 'SMP00515', 'D': 'map05110'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with M00609?,"{'A': 'map00563(G12396)', 'B': 'SMP63753', 'C': 'SMP00118', 'D': 'map00270'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C20518?,"{'A': 'rn00552', 'B': 'SMP00230', 'C': 'SMP00643', 'D': 'map00564'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C15976?,"{'A': 'SMP00497', 'B': 'SMP00417', 'C': 'SMP00384', 'D': 'SMP00507'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C12093?,"{'A': 'map04112', 'B': 'SMP63784', 'C': 'map05022', 'D': 'map01063'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R10453?,"{'A': 'SMP63807', 'B': 'map00520', 'C': 'rn00401', 'D': 'rn00625'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with Biotin?,"{'A': 'SMP00272', 'B': 'SMP00564', 'C': 'map01100(G13108)', 'D': 'SMP00363'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C05966?,"{'A': 'map00563(G10610)', 'B': 'SMP00101', 'C': 'SMP19302', 'D': 'map00310'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00009?,"{'A': 'map00603', 'B': 'map05414', 'C': 'map00601(G00064)', 'D': 'SMP00525'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R03353?,"{'A': 'rn00100', 'B': 'SMP00469', 'C': 'map04217', 'D': 'SMP00216'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with NADPH?,"{'A': 'map00510(G00002)', 'B': 'SMP00541', 'C': 'SMP00578', 'D': 'map05030'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00550?,"{'A': 'map00600', 'B': 'SMP60740', 'C': 'SMP00537', 'D': 'map07230'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C11695?,"{'A': 'map04723', 'B': 'rn00460', 'C': 'SMP02313', 'D': 'map01100(G00056)'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 1.1.1.396?,"{'A': 'map05167', 'B': 'SMP00626', 'C': 'map00860', 'D': 'SMP00374'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C02133?,"{'A': 'SMP00175', 'B': 'SMP00542', 'C': 'map01100', 'D': 'map07040'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C20530?,"{'A': 'map01110', 'B': 'SMP00498', 'C': 'SMP00746', 'D': 'rn00997'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00036?,"{'A': 'SMP00192', 'B': 'map04710', 'C': 'SMP00375', 'D': 'SMP00564'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with M00788?,"{'A': 'map00998', 'B': 'SMP00118', 'C': 'SMP00637', 'D': 'map00572'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with Melibiose?,"{'A': 'SMP00043', 'B': 'map04670', 'C': 'rn00250', 'D': 'map00601(G00040)'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C03344?,"{'A': 'map00362', 'B': 'SMP00523', 'C': 'SMP00183', 'D': 'SMP00503'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 4.2.1.135?,"{'A': 'map00140', 'B': 'map00552', 'C': 'SMP00150', 'D': 'SMP11870'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 1.8.4.4?,"{'A': 'SMP56662', 'B': 'map00270', 'C': 'SMP00291', 'D': 'map00552(G13176)'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C12481?,"{'A': 'SMP00191', 'B': 'rn01240', 'C': 'map00401', 'D': 'SMP00126'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00080?,"{'A': 'SMP00137', 'B': 'map00780', 'C': 'SMP00146', 'D': 'SMP57583'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C05922?,"{'A': 'SMP00517', 'B': 'rn00625', 'C': 'map05014', 'D': 'SMP00490'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R09800?,"{'A': 'map05166', 'B': 'rn01120', 'C': 'SMP00589', 'D': 'map00053'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C05610?,"{'A': 'map04935', 'B': 'SMP00163', 'C': 'map00940', 'D': 'SMP00540'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 1.1.1.102?,"{'A': 'map04370', 'B': 'map01100', 'C': 'map00552(G13164)', 'D': 'rn00901'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C05189?,"{'A': 'map01100(G00059)', 'B': 'map01063', 'C': 'SMP00646', 'D': 'SMP00458'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R09097?,"{'A': 'SMP00687', 'B': 'SMP60208', 'C': 'rn00622', 'D': 'map04066'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with R04994?,"{'A': 'rn01240', 'B': 'SMP00167', 'C': 'SMP00431', 'D': 'SMP00278'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with M00119?,"{'A': 'map01240', 'B': 'SMP00384', 'C': 'map01100(G00062)', 'D': 'map00600'}",A
What is a KEGG pathway associated with M00934?,"{'A': 'map00760', 'B': 'SMP02358', 'C': 'map01110', 'D': 'SMP89975'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 1.14.11.82?,"{'A': 'SMP00612', 'B': 'map00997', 'C': 'map00642', 'D': 'SMP00698'}",B
What is a KEGG pathway associated with C00076?,"{'A': 'rn00402', 'B': 'SMP00508', 'C': 'SMP00665', 'D': 'SMP00290'}",C
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 4.2.1.134?,"{'A': 'map04928', 'B': 'SMP60740', 'C': 'map04933', 'D': 'map01100'}",D
What is a KEGG pathway associated with 2.1.3.2?,"{'A': 'SMP00258', 'B': 'map00250', 'C': 'SMP00093', 'D': 'SMP00441'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R11216 belong?,"{'A': 'K13549', 'B': 'K21521', 'C': 'K01153', 'D': 'K11439'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does M00173 belong?,"{'A': 'K10696', 'B': 'K13545', 'C': 'K01959', 'D': 'K17691'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R05165 belong?,"{'A': 'K22571', 'B': 'K12909', 'C': 'K03399', 'D': 'K01301'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does M00569 belong?,"{'A': 'K22877', 'B': 'K02554', 'C': 'K20147', 'D': 'K20500'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R06390 belong?,"{'A': 'K23395', 'B': 'K26450', 'C': 'K14731', 'D': 'K09755'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R00509 belong?,"{'A': 'K01210', 'B': 'K12425', 'C': 'K19973', 'D': 'K13811'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does M00148 belong?,"{'A': 'K23158', 'B': 'K18998', 'C': 'K00236', 'D': 'K21577'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R10039 belong?,"{'A': 'K05350', 'B': 'K25765', 'C': 'K15856', 'D': 'K01142'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R06129 belong?,"{'A': 'K24406', 'B': 'K25197', 'C': 'K07508', 'D': 'K05946'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R06363 belong?,"{'A': 'K16856', 'B': 'K18698', 'C': 'K01959+K01960', 'D': 'K25309'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R05789 belong?,"{'A': 'K05979', 'B': 'K22445', 'C': 'K17534', 'D': 'K00674'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R00089 belong?,"{'A': 'K11265', 'B': 'K20003', 'C': 'K11532', 'D': 'K21222'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R10590 belong?,"{'A': 'K14367', 'B': 'K24454', 'C': 'K10021', 'D': 'K18001'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.11.13 belong?,"{'A': 'K00544', 'B': 'K22947', 'C': 'K19662', 'D': 'K23750'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does 2.4.1.161 belong?,"{'A': 'K03661', 'B': 'K00130', 'C': 'K03223', 'D': 'K18820'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.11.1 belong?,"{'A': 'K05989', 'B': 'K08856', 'C': 'K19584', 'D': 'K08104'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R00014 belong?,"{'A': 'K20814', 'B': 'K00163', 'C': 'K24529', 'D': 'K12787'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R06470 belong?,"{'A': 'K14372', 'B': 'K10916', 'C': 'K21418', 'D': 'K02146'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R07400 belong?,"{'A': 'K10946', 'B': 'K13756', 'C': 'K20567', 'D': 'K00273'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.11.22 belong?,"{'A': 'K24409', 'B': 'K10526', 'C': 'K02208', 'D': 'K05301'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R06222 belong?,"{'A': 'K20961', 'B': 'K19300', 'C': 'K07632', 'D': 'K00977'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R03130 belong?,"{'A': 'K20112', 'B': 'K00543', 'C': 'K13605', 'D': 'K08104'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R05444 belong?,"{'A': 'K18848', 'B': 'K12011', 'C': 'K14524', 'D': 'K22357'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R05933 belong?,"{'A': 'K08896', 'B': 'K00552', 'C': 'K13500', 'D': 'K12934'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does M00173 belong?,"{'A': 'K21140', 'B': 'K00242', 'C': 'K26069', 'D': 'K08105'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R00328 belong?,"{'A': 'K01510', 'B': 'K12232', 'C': 'K00824', 'D': 'K21639'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R12405 belong?,"{'A': 'K11410', 'B': 'K13373', 'C': 'K05602', 'D': 'K20455'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does 2.4.1.123 belong?,"{'A': 'K19891', 'B': 'K18819', 'C': 'K12256', 'D': 'K15265'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does M00918 belong?,"{'A': 'K06127', 'B': 'K03896', 'C': 'K00820', 'D': 'K25880'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does M00924 belong?,"{'A': 'K00315', 'B': 'K09733', 'C': 'K15322', 'D': 'K02191'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 1.2.1.8 belong?,"{'A': 'K00018', 'B': 'K05549', 'C': 'K17743', 'D': 'K14085'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R09408 belong?,"{'A': 'K20206', 'B': 'K17690', 'C': 'K02852', 'D': 'K09470'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does M00673 belong?,"{'A': 'K21574', 'B': 'K25650', 'C': 'K04128', 'D': 'K22055'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R04928 belong?,"{'A': 'K15821', 'B': 'K07053', 'C': 'K00860', 'D': 'K19113'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.7.7 belong?,"{'A': 'K02258', 'B': 'K12904', 'C': 'K13062', 'D': 'K02332'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.1.71 belong?,"{'A': 'K20980', 'B': 'K00955+K00957', 'C': 'K03858', 'D': 'K00891'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R02240 belong?,"{'A': 'K18121', 'B': 'K07029', 'C': 'K06861', 'D': 'K00010'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does 1.1.5.11 belong?,"{'A': 'K20034', 'B': 'K01430', 'C': 'K20937', 'D': 'K16901'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R01281 belong?,"{'A': 'K00148', 'B': 'K09769', 'C': 'K00654', 'D': 'K18472'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.7.48 belong?,"{'A': 'K03651', 'B': 'K15964', 'C': 'K03863', 'D': 'K25021'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does M00962 belong?,"{'A': 'K01271', 'B': 'K20939', 'C': 'K22433', 'D': 'K16173'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.11.17 belong?,"{'A': 'K00908', 'B': 'K19797', 'C': 'K00023', 'D': 'K20678'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does 7.5.2.11 belong?,"{'A': 'K15691', 'B': 'K24712', 'C': 'K10658', 'D': 'K12524'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does 2.1.1.245 belong?,"{'A': 'K19609', 'B': 'K03750', 'C': 'K00197', 'D': 'K11142'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R02235 belong?,"{'A': 'K00287', 'B': 'K13876', 'C': 'K07698', 'D': 'K09121'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R05085 belong?,"{'A': 'K00831', 'B': 'K20209', 'C': 'K08685', 'D': 'K20084'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does M00034 belong?,"{'A': 'K10765', 'B': 'K00797', 'C': 'K00279', 'D': 'K25998'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does 5.6.2.3 belong?,"{'A': 'K14326', 'B': 'K07561', 'C': 'K11273', 'D': 'K01057'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does 4.2.1.159 belong?,"{'A': 'K23472', 'B': 'K21503', 'C': 'K16435', 'D': 'K00289'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.13.3 belong?,"{'A': 'K04459', 'B': 'K14256', 'C': 'K07654', 'D': 'K04618'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R00019 belong?,"{'A': 'K06441', 'B': 'K21401', 'C': 'K01444', 'D': 'K21426'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does 1.14.11.64 belong?,"{'A': 'K08678', 'B': 'K15737', 'C': 'K06898', 'D': 'K06167'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R00610 belong?,"{'A': 'K16147', 'B': 'K00271', 'C': 'K09880', 'D': 'K00301'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 2.4.1.15 belong?,"{'A': 'K08897', 'B': 'K04361', 'C': 'K16055', 'D': 'K21920'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does 1.17.1.4 belong?,"{'A': 'K23397', 'B': 'K26395', 'C': 'K13482', 'D': 'K14595'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R01457 belong?,"{'A': 'K08808', 'B': 'K09828', 'C': 'K00310', 'D': 'K14621'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R04242 belong?,"{'A': 'K00174+K00175-K00177-K00176', 'B': 'K05859', 'C': 'K20960', 'D': 'K01307'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R11546 belong?,"{'A': 'K02272', 'B': 'K22178', 'C': 'K25323', 'D': 'K21310'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does M00053 belong?,"{'A': 'K18533', 'B': 'K19956', 'C': 'K19469', 'D': 'K10819'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R01332 belong?,"{'A': 'K22517', 'B': 'K05941', 'C': 'K19355', 'D': 'K00437'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R12057 belong?,"{'A': 'K21781', 'B': 'K10616', 'C': 'K00669', 'D': 'K19008'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R08091 belong?,"{'A': 'K03199', 'B': 'K05810', 'C': 'K13406', 'D': 'K00632'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 3.6.5.4 belong?,"{'A': 'K03106', 'B': 'K01620', 'C': 'K00871', 'D': 'K03606'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does M00089 belong?,"{'A': 'K12152', 'B': 'K14456', 'C': 'K22880', 'D': 'K18790'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R11561 belong?,"{'A': 'K01107', 'B': 'K21287', 'C': 'K00946', 'D': 'K00294'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R05362 belong?,"{'A': 'K01955+K01956', 'B': 'K10216', 'C': 'K11181', 'D': 'K17647'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does 3.5.5.1 belong?,"{'A': 'K23260', 'B': 'K01501', 'C': 'K05092', 'D': 'K08074'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does 1.14.14.113 belong?,"{'A': 'K02208', 'B': 'K01569', 'C': 'K01757', 'D': 'K21717'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 1.1.1.1 belong?,"{'A': 'K25517', 'B': 'K18533', 'C': 'K03782', 'D': 'K13951'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R08896 belong?,"{'A': 'K02781', 'B': 'K03513', 'C': 'K11432', 'D': 'K20577'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 1.14.19.8 belong?,"{'A': 'K17476', 'B': 'K00954', 'C': 'K21277', 'D': 'K13313'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.7.40 belong?,"{'A': 'K13258', 'B': 'K21681', 'C': 'K17048', 'D': 'K15566'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R02382 belong?,"{'A': 'K15265', 'B': 'K19977', 'C': 'K00276', 'D': 'K19708'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does M00546 belong?,"{'A': 'K19594', 'B': 'K00865', 'C': 'K00106', 'D': 'K00914'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does M00052 belong?,"{'A': 'K01636', 'B': 'K13809', 'C': 'K17529', 'D': 'K15963'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does 2.7.11.1 belong?,"{'A': 'K25196', 'B': 'K13412', 'C': 'K04097', 'D': 'K20568'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does R00889 belong?,"{'A': 'K10046', 'B': 'K13304', 'C': 'K23036', 'D': 'K23280'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R00899 belong?,"{'A': 'K03783', 'B': 'K11140', 'C': 'K02637', 'D': 'K20794'}",B
To which KEGG orthology does 2.4.2.37 belong?,"{'A': 'K05951', 'B': 'K01019', 'C': 'K22911', 'D': 'K12104'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R04959 belong?,"{'A': 'K00208', 'B': 'K00617', 'C': 'K19959', 'D': 'K18458'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R02811 belong?,"{'A': 'K25930', 'B': 'K10852', 'C': 'K14577', 'D': 'K08096'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does R09513 belong?,"{'A': 'K00832', 'B': 'K01268', 'C': 'K19068', 'D': 'K16969'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does M00099 belong?,"{'A': 'K12349', 'B': 'K00986', 'C': 'K12599', 'D': 'K05665'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R01227 belong?,"{'A': 'K03366', 'B': 'K19702', 'C': 'K18903', 'D': 'K11751'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R10457 belong?,"{'A': 'K20883', 'B': 'K18959', 'C': 'K18677', 'D': 'K14134'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R00848 belong?,"{'A': 'K00113', 'B': 'K00706', 'C': 'K24018', 'D': 'K12835'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R07055 belong?,"{'A': 'K00200', 'B': 'K19856', 'C': 'K01098', 'D': 'K17721'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R01176 belong?,"{'A': 'K01913', 'B': 'K21365', 'C': 'K06445', 'D': 'K11533'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R05639 belong?,"{'A': 'K10591', 'B': 'K19966', 'C': 'K01044', 'D': 'K00222'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 2.4.1.277 belong?,"{'A': 'K19376', 'B': 'K02469', 'C': 'K16368', 'D': 'K16004'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R02838 belong?,"{'A': 'K00513', 'B': 'K15508', 'C': 'K26489', 'D': 'K00399'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R03875 belong?,"{'A': 'K11428', 'B': 'K18248', 'C': 'K02760', 'D': 'K12709'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R01148 belong?,"{'A': 'K12937', 'B': 'K19308', 'C': 'K10205', 'D': 'K00824'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does 4.1.3.41 belong?,"{'A': 'K18425', 'B': 'K00234', 'C': 'K20138', 'D': 'K11181'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does 2.3.1.1 belong?,"{'A': 'K00618', 'B': 'K21665', 'C': 'K16813', 'D': 'K18974'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does 3.5.4.19 belong?,"{'A': 'K22013', 'B': 'K23261', 'C': 'K14152', 'D': 'K04496'}",C
To which KEGG orthology does 2.8.3.12 belong?,"{'A': 'K01039', 'B': 'K26425', 'C': 'K21707', 'D': 'K01659'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R10952 belong?,"{'A': 'K05857', 'B': 'K07178', 'C': 'K00949', 'D': 'K10675'}",A
To which KEGG orthology does R09500 belong?,"{'A': 'K03429', 'B': 'K22878', 'C': 'K18967', 'D': 'K16966'}",D
To which KEGG orthology does R00766 belong?,"{'A': 'K08891', 'B': 'K19859', 'C': 'K00696', 'D': 'K23351'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving Cysteinylglycine?,"{'A': 'R00494', 'B': 'R02259', 'C': 'R08768', 'D': 'R08285'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00588?,"{'A': 'R01218', 'B': 'R08287', 'C': 'R00005', 'D': 'R06869'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving Succinic acid?,"{'A': 'R02282', 'B': 'R10413', 'C': 'R12506', 'D': 'R05821'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving Adenosine triphosphate?,"{'A': 'R12793', 'B': 'R01810', 'C': 'R05355', 'D': 'R02558'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving M00101?,"{'A': 'R03546', 'B': 'R07215', 'C': 'R04540', 'D': 'R09380'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00013?,"{'A': 'R11846', 'B': 'R04636', 'C': 'R02408', 'D': 'R07696'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00015?,"{'A': 'R03672', 'B': 'R03490', 'C': 'R04849', 'D': 'R03263'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving L-Aspartic acid?,"{'A': 'R06946', 'B': 'R01135', 'C': 'R09589', 'D': 'R07825'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00013?,"{'A': 'R10321', 'B': 'R07653', 'C': 'R06686', 'D': 'R04274'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00080?,"{'A': 'R07868', 'B': 'R03776', 'C': 'R00491', 'D': 'R12786'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00647?,"{'A': 'R02494', 'B': 'R01745', 'C': 'R00954', 'D': 'R05295'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C21878?,"{'A': 'R01316', 'B': 'R12061', 'C': 'R01952', 'D': 'R10443'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C18316?,"{'A': 'R06034', 'B': 'R09234', 'C': 'R12054', 'D': 'R04630'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C22438?,"{'A': 'R06394', 'B': 'R01339', 'C': 'R09446', 'D': 'R12885'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving Pyruvic acid?,"{'A': 'R10550', 'B': 'R08365', 'C': 'R11544', 'D': 'R09612'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving Pyrophosphate?,"{'A': 'R08590', 'B': 'R12283', 'C': 'R06909', 'D': 'R09872'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving Dimethylglycine?,"{'A': 'R11261', 'B': 'R06977', 'C': 'R10452', 'D': 'R13016'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving Adenosine triphosphate?,"{'A': 'R07603', 'B': 'R10927', 'C': 'R09424', 'D': 'R00088'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00258?,"{'A': 'R07345', 'B': 'R09665', 'C': 'R12790', 'D': 'R12135'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00029?,"{'A': 'R03267', 'B': 'R03856', 'C': 'R08857', 'D': 'R08871'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00008?,"{'A': 'R07476', 'B': 'R01515', 'C': 'R04019', 'D': 'R03236'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00007?,"{'A': 'R10723', 'B': 'R11897', 'C': 'R04743', 'D': 'R07514'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving Xanthine?,"{'A': 'R10047', 'B': 'R11186', 'C': 'R09187', 'D': 'R10920'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00007?,"{'A': 'R01197', 'B': 'R13007', 'C': 'R08838', 'D': 'R09158'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00013?,"{'A': 'R00656', 'B': 'R00458', 'C': 'R05539', 'D': 'R11850'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00080?,"{'A': 'R12135', 'B': 'R10520', 'C': 'R01148', 'D': 'R02057'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C04927?,"{'A': 'R09949', 'B': 'R00018', 'C': 'R04660', 'D': 'R09701'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving M00375?,"{'A': 'R01859', 'B': 'R00851', 'C': 'R08355', 'D': 'R12912'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00001?,"{'A': 'R12718', 'B': 'R02823', 'C': 'R11714', 'D': 'R07641'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00005?,"{'A': 'R08926', 'B': 'R02680', 'C': 'R00631', 'D': 'R06315'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C21346?,"{'A': 'R00606', 'B': 'R09685', 'C': 'R09222', 'D': 'R11415'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00019?,"{'A': 'R01320', 'B': 'R05824', 'C': 'R06401', 'D': 'R06797'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving Hydroxypropionic acid?,"{'A': 'R04754', 'B': 'R01608', 'C': 'R06774', 'D': 'R02517'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00015?,"{'A': 'R09288', 'B': 'R09254', 'C': 'R09428', 'D': 'R02133'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving Formic acid?,"{'A': 'R12897', 'B': 'R09998', 'C': 'R00167', 'D': 'R05296'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C17749?,"{'A': 'R04068', 'B': 'R03539', 'C': 'R08628', 'D': 'R08814'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00001?,"{'A': 'R12829', 'B': 'R06098', 'C': 'R08676', 'D': 'R06061'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00007?,"{'A': 'R08879', 'B': 'R03124', 'C': 'R05070', 'D': 'R06798'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00007?,"{'A': 'R00761', 'B': 'R07192', 'C': 'R10265', 'D': 'R02291'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00021?,"{'A': 'R00956', 'B': 'R09016', 'C': 'R08546', 'D': 'R00367'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00001?,"{'A': 'R06901', 'B': 'R02219', 'C': 'R09095', 'D': 'R13032'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00718?,"{'A': 'R11353', 'B': 'R12530', 'C': 'R11258', 'D': 'R02121'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving NAD?,"{'A': 'R03397', 'B': 'R05048', 'C': 'R04673', 'D': 'R08107'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00028?,"{'A': 'R07364', 'B': 'R04601', 'C': 'R03916', 'D': 'R12497'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C21314?,"{'A': 'R07948', 'B': 'R11429', 'C': 'R07402', 'D': 'R02167'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C21855?,"{'A': 'R03180', 'B': 'R12021', 'C': 'R04887', 'D': 'R04831'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00025?,"{'A': 'R08057', 'B': 'R09495', 'C': 'R01508', 'D': 'R10726'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00011?,"{'A': 'R04825', 'B': 'R03719', 'C': 'R09278', 'D': 'R01180'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00009?,"{'A': 'R02295', 'B': 'R09051', 'C': 'R03538', 'D': 'R12596'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C05688?,"{'A': 'R08852', 'B': 'R06475', 'C': 'R00189', 'D': 'R03599'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00125?,"{'A': 'R07174', 'B': 'R10507', 'C': 'R08174', 'D': 'R01942'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving Glutathione?,"{'A': 'R02746', 'B': 'R11890', 'C': 'R07083', 'D': 'R05579'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00010?,"{'A': 'R12917', 'B': 'R06735', 'C': 'R10231', 'D': 'R03231'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C01092?,"{'A': 'R03376', 'B': 'R03231', 'C': 'R08958', 'D': 'R09816'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C04217?,"{'A': 'R02518', 'B': 'R11843', 'C': 'R03502', 'D': 'R09889'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00007?,"{'A': 'R01632', 'B': 'R13094', 'C': 'R00630', 'D': 'R11402'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00011?,"{'A': 'R08621', 'B': 'R13165', 'C': 'R01091', 'D': 'R04147'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C16729?,"{'A': 'R08917', 'B': 'R08525', 'C': 'R06209', 'D': 'R09364'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00003?,"{'A': 'R00054', 'B': 'R03590', 'C': 'R05433', 'D': 'R01036'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving NAD?,"{'A': 'R07840', 'B': 'R03272', 'C': 'R10952', 'D': 'R05429'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C04712?,"{'A': 'R12128', 'B': 'R00414', 'C': 'R01486', 'D': 'R03063'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C01359?,"{'A': 'R07363', 'B': 'R07907', 'C': 'R01873', 'D': 'R09545'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving NAD?,"{'A': 'R03402', 'B': 'R03194', 'C': 'R00314', 'D': 'R10790'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving M00036?,"{'A': 'R05545', 'B': 'R05163', 'C': 'R00803', 'D': 'R04095'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving Chloride ion?,"{'A': 'R03858', 'B': 'R08920', 'C': 'R06398', 'D': 'R05533'}",D
"What is a KEGG reaction involving 4-(2-Aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid?","{'A': 'R09040', 'B': 'R01957', 'C': 'R07002', 'D': 'R00320'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C15534?,"{'A': 'R06371', 'B': 'R03858', 'C': 'R03760', 'D': 'R10749'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00189?,"{'A': 'R12737', 'B': 'R12757', 'C': 'R12173', 'D': 'R10742'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00007?,"{'A': 'R09614', 'B': 'R00182', 'C': 'R10683', 'D': 'R08897'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00007?,"{'A': 'R05657', 'B': 'R07863', 'C': 'R02210', 'D': 'R04584'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C15667?,"{'A': 'R05373', 'B': 'R10473', 'C': 'R07256', 'D': 'R07405'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00007?,"{'A': 'R02906', 'B': 'R10018', 'C': 'R11058', 'D': 'R04427'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00080?,"{'A': 'R04597', 'B': 'R11684', 'C': 'R11510', 'D': 'R05233'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid?,"{'A': 'R01295', 'B': 'R01834', 'C': 'R01686', 'D': 'R12322'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00021?,"{'A': 'R12624', 'B': 'R07890', 'C': 'R00943', 'D': 'R09370'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C01327?,"{'A': 'R09243', 'B': 'R04746', 'C': 'R06840', 'D': 'R10367'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C11997?,"{'A': 'R12369', 'B': 'R06461', 'C': 'R04770', 'D': 'R08353'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving Taurine?,"{'A': 'R09471', 'B': 'R10689', 'C': 'R03720', 'D': 'R09032'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00339?,"{'A': 'R03118', 'B': 'R09399', 'C': 'R01998', 'D': 'R12893'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C05802?,"{'A': 'R08190', 'B': 'R06866', 'C': 'R06796', 'D': 'R05634'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C03865?,"{'A': 'R09046', 'B': 'R04106', 'C': 'R01392', 'D': 'R10768'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00080?,"{'A': 'R07860', 'B': 'R06448', 'C': 'R10661', 'D': 'R02715'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving M00040?,"{'A': 'R07163', 'B': 'R06364', 'C': 'R03615', 'D': 'R00733'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00006?,"{'A': 'R07356', 'B': 'R02788', 'C': 'R06113', 'D': 'R02562'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C04831?,"{'A': 'R02553', 'B': 'R06498', 'C': 'R04977', 'D': 'R04579'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00126?,"{'A': 'R01826', 'B': 'R05162', 'C': 'R09499', 'D': 'R12458'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00719?,"{'A': 'R03622', 'B': 'R10061', 'C': 'R02373', 'D': 'R11488'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00080?,"{'A': 'R10357', 'B': 'R00002', 'C': 'R06920', 'D': 'R02789'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C04253?,"{'A': 'R06724', 'B': 'R02511', 'C': 'R00409', 'D': 'R05398'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C08830?,"{'A': 'R00161', 'B': 'R07481', 'C': 'R11469', 'D': 'R08404'}",B
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00047?,"{'A': 'R11190', 'B': 'R08904', 'C': 'R09586', 'D': 'R08956'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C11874?,"{'A': 'R13042', 'B': 'R10772', 'C': 'R12798', 'D': 'R06293'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving NADPH?,"{'A': 'R04866', 'B': 'R02546', 'C': 'R10892', 'D': 'R09449'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00001?,"{'A': 'R11940', 'B': 'R10946', 'C': 'R00374', 'D': 'R09813'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00001?,"{'A': 'R11160', 'B': 'R07767', 'C': 'R05321', 'D': 'R08754'}",C
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00007?,"{'A': 'R11814', 'B': 'R05043', 'C': 'R05547', 'D': 'R05445'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C01984?,"{'A': 'R03791', 'B': 'R02748', 'C': 'R07265', 'D': 'R00707'}",A
What is a KEGG reaction involving C07083?,"{'A': 'R07638', 'B': 'R03574', 'C': 'R10821', 'D': 'R05488'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C02207?,"{'A': 'R00430', 'B': 'R09914', 'C': 'R05196', 'D': 'R00906'}",D
What is a KEGG reaction involving C00022?,"{'A': 'R10233', 'B': 'R05280', 'C': 'R05538', 'D': 'R12132'}",C
"What is the description of 3D,7D,11D-Phytanic acid?","{'A': '3D,7D,11D-Phytanic acid is an isomer of Phytanic acid, an unusual 20-carbon branched-chain fatty acid; Phytanic acid accumulates in blood and tissues of patients with Refsum disease (RD, an inborn error of lipid metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait (OMIM 266500)), and is a reliable identifier of RD from a large number of other neurological disorders. Phytanic acid also accumulates in a number of other disorders with a very different clinical course: disorders of peroxisome biogenesis (Zellweger syndrome (OMIM 214100), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (OMIM 202370), infantile Refsum disease (OMIM 266510)) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 1 (OMIM 215100). Phytanic acid is a 3-methyl fatty acid that cannot be beta-oxidized directly, and first undergoes an alpha-oxidation a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase, which is deficient in RD, the only true disorder of phytanic acid alpha-oxidation. (The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease).', 'B': 'Cystine is an oxidized dimeric form of cysteine. It is formed by linking two cysteine residues via a disulfide bond (Cys-S-S-Cys) between the -SH groups. Cystine is found in high concentrations in digestive enzymes and in the cells of the immune system, skeletal and connective tissues, skin, and hair. Hair and skin are 10-14% cystine. Cystine is the preferred form of cysteine for the synthesis of glutathione in cells involved in the immune system (e.g. macrophages and astrocytes). Lymphocytes and neurons prefer cysteine for glutathione production. Optimizing glutathione levels in macrophages and astrocytes with cystine allows these cells to provide cysteine to lymphocytes and neurons directly upon demand (Wikipedia).', 'C': 'Cholesteryl linoleic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl linoleate is contained in low density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic lesions. The oxidation products of cholesteryl linoleate may cause chronic inflammatory processes. (PMID 9684755, 11950694).', 'D': 'Suberic acid, also octanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H12(COOH)2. It is present in the urine of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders (PMID 10404733). A metabolic breakdown product derived from oleic acid. Elevated levels of this unstaruated dicarboxylic acid are found in individuals with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD). Suberic acid is also found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, which are also inborn errors of metabolism.'}",A
What is the description of Isoallolithocholic acid?,"{'A': 'Propyl alcohol, also known as 1-propanol, n-propanol, or simply propanol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary alcohols. Primary alcohols are compounds in which a hydroxy group is bonded to a primary carbon, with the general structure RCOH (R=alkyl, aryl). Propyl alcohol is a colourless, volatile liquid that is fully miscible with water. It has a sweet odour and an alcoholic, fermented, fusel taste. Propyl alcohol exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Propanol can be produced through fermentation of sugars by bacteria and yeast and small amounts are produced by gut microflora. Propanol has been identified as a fecal biomarker of Clostridium difficile infection (PMID: 30986230). When ingested, 1-propanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to propionic acid leading to metabolic acidosis and an elevated anion gap (PMID: 18375643). It can be found in small amounts in alcoholic beverages such as wine. Industrially, the major use of 1-propanol is as a solvent as well as an intermediate in forming other industrially important compounds.  It is used as a carrier and extraction solvent for natural products, such as flavourings, vegetable oils, resins, waxes, and gums, and as a solvent for synthetic polymers, such as polyvinyl butyral, cellulose esters, lacquers, and PVC adhesives.  Other solvent applications include the use of 1-propanol in the polymerization and spinning of acrylonitrile, in flexographic printing inks, and in the dyeing of wool.  1-Propanol is used for both its solvent and antiseptic properties in drugs and cosmetics, such as lotions, soaps, and nail polishes (IPCS INCHEM, EHC 102). Both 1-propanol and 2-propanol are often used in hand disinfectants as they have excellent bactericidal activity.  1-Propanol is used less in industry than 2-propanol as it is more expensive and it is a toxicant that has a similar taste to ethanol, so 2-propanol is used as its unpleasant smell discourages abuse.', 'B': 'Isoallolithocholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'C': 'Tryptophan (Trp) or L-tryptophan is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-tryptophan is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH) aromatic amino acid.  Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet.  The requirement for tryptophan and protein decreases with age. The minimum daily requirement for adults is 3 mg/kg/day or about 200 mg a day. There is 400 mg of tryptophan in a cup of wheat germ. A cup of low-fat cottage cheese contains 300 mg of tryptophan and chicken and turkey contain up to 600 mg of tryptophan per pound (http://www.dcnutrition.com). Tryptophan is particularly plentiful in chocolate, oats, dried dates, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, red meat, eggs, fish, poultry, sesame, chickpeas, almonds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, buckwheat, spirulina, and peanuts. Tryptophan is the precursor of both serotonin and melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals, which regulates sleep and wakefulness. Serotonin is a brain neurotransmitter, platelet clotting factor, and neurohormone found in organs throughout the body. Metabolism of tryptophan into serotonin requires nutrients such as vitamin B6, niacin, and glutathione. Niacin (also known as vitamin B3) is an important metabolite of tryptophan. It is synthesized via kynurenine and quinolinic acids, which are products of tryptophan degradation. There are a number of conditions or diseases that are characterized by tryptophan deficiencies. For instance, fructose malabsorption causes improper absorption of tryptophan in the intestine, which reduces levels of tryptophan in the blood and leads to depression. High corn diets or other tryptophan-deficient diets can cause pellagra, which is a niacin-tryptophan deficiency disease with symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Hartnup\'s disease is a disorder in which tryptophan and other amino acids are not absorbed properly. Symptoms of Hartnup\'s disease include skin rashes, difficulty coordinating movements (cerebellar ataxia), and psychiatric symptoms such as depression or psychosis. Tryptophan supplements may be useful for treating Hartnup\'s disease. Assessment of tryptophan deficiency is done through studying excretion of tryptophan metabolites in the urine or blood. Blood may be the most sensitive test because the amino acid tryptophan is transported in a unique way. Increased urination of tryptophan breakdown products (such as kynurenine) correlates with increased tryptophan degradation, which occurs with oral contraception, depression, mental retardation, hypertension, and anxiety states. Tryptophan plays a role in ""feast-induced"" drowsiness. Ingestion of a meal rich in carbohydrates triggers the release of insulin. Insulin, in turn, stimulates the uptake of large neutral branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) into muscle, increasing the ratio of tryptophan to BCAA in the bloodstream. The increased tryptophan ratio reduces competition at the large neutral amino acid transporter (which transports both BCAAs and tryptophan), resulting in greater uptake of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Once in the CSF, tryptophan is converted into serotonin and the resulting serotonin is further metabolized into melatonin by the pineal gland, which promotes sleep. Because tryptophan is converted into 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) which is then converted into the neurotransmitter serotonin, it has been proposed that consumption of tryptophan or 5-HTP may improve depression symptoms by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain. Tryptophan is sold over the counter in the United States (after being banned to varying extents between 1989 and 2005) and the United Kingdom as a dietary supplement for use as an antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sleep aid. It is also marketed as a prescription drug in some European countries for the treatment of major depression. There is evidence that blood tryptophan levels are unlikely to be altered by changing the diet, but consuming purified tryptophan increases the serotonin level in the brain, whereas eating foods containing tryptophan does not. This is because the transport system that brings tryptophan across the blood–brain barrier also transports other amino acids which are contained in protein food sources. Under certain situations, tryptophan can be a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that causes damage to the brain and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of tryptophan can be found in glutaric aciduria type I (glutaric acidemia type I or GA1). GA1 is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH). Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e.g. glutaric acid, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs), but particularly the basal ganglia. Babies with glutaric acidemia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly). Other symptoms include spasticity (increased muscle tone/stiffness) and dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions resulting in abnormal movement or posture), but many affected individuals are asymptomatic. High levels of tryptophan have also been implicated in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), an incurable and sometimes fatal flu-like neurological condition linked to the ingestion of large amounts of L-tryptophan. The risk of developing EMS increases with larger doses of tryptophan and increasing age. Some research suggests that certain genetic polymorphisms may be related to the development of EMS. The presence of eosinophilia is a core feature of EMS, along with unusually severe myalgia (muscle pain). It is thought that both tryptophan and certain unidentified tryptophan contaminants may contribute to EMS (PMID: 1763543 ). It has also been suggested that excessive tryptophan or elevation of its metabolites could play a role in amplifying some of the pathological features of EMS (PMID: 10721094 ). This pathological damage is further augmented by metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (a tryptophan degradation pathway).', 'D': 'TG(10:0/10:0/10:0) or tricapric glyceride is a tridecanoic acid triglyceride or medium chain triglyceride. Triglycerides (TGs) are also known as triacylglycerols or triacylglycerides, meaning that they are glycerides in which the glycerol is esterified with three fatty acid groups (i.e. fatty acid tri-esters of glycerol). TGs may be divided into three general types with respect to their acyl substituents. They are simple or monoacid if they contain only one type of fatty acid, diacid if they contain two types of fatty acids and triacid if three different acyl groups. Chain lengths of the fatty acids in naturally occurring triglycerides can be of varying lengths and saturations but 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. TG(10:0/10:0/10:0), in particular, consists of one chain of decanoic acid at the C-1 position, one chain of decanoic acid at the C-2 position and one chain of decanoic acid acid at the C-3 position. TGs are the main constituent of vegetable oil and animal fats. TGs are major components of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicrons, play an important role in metabolism as energy sources and transporters of dietary fat. They contain more than twice the energy (9 kcal/g) of carbohydrates and proteins. In the intestine, triglycerides are split into glycerol and fatty acids (this process is called lipolysis) with the help of lipases and bile secretions, which can then move into blood vessels. The triglycerides are rebuilt in the blood from their fragments and become constituents of lipoproteins, which deliver the fatty acids to and from fat cells among other functions. Various tissues can release the free fatty acids and take them up as a source of energy. Fat cells can synthesize and store triglycerides. When the body requires fatty acids as an energy source, the hormone glucagon signals the breakdown of the triglycerides by hormone-sensitive lipase to release free fatty acids. As the brain cannot utilize fatty acids as an energy source, the glycerol component of triglycerides can be converted into glucose for brain fuel when it is broken down. (www.cyberlipid.org, www.wikipedia.org). TAGs can serve as fatty acid stores in all cells, but primarily in adipocytes of adipose tissue. The major building block for the synthesis of triacylglycerides, in non-adipose tissue, is glycerol. Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase and so must use another route to TAG synthesis. Specifically, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), which is produced during glycolysis, is the precursor for TAG synthesis in adipose tissue. DHAP can also serve as a TAG precursor in non-adipose tissues, but does so to a much lesser extent than glycerol. The use of DHAP for the TAG backbone depends on whether the synthesis of the TAGs occurs in the mitochondria and ER or the ER and the peroxisomes. The ER/mitochondria pathway requires the action of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to convert DHAP to glycerol-3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase then esterifies a fatty acid to glycerol-3-phosphate thereby generating lysophosphatidic acid. The ER/peroxisome reaction pathway uses the peroxisomal enzyme DHAP acyltransferase to acylate DHAP to acyl-DHAP which is then reduced by acyl-DHAP reductase. The fatty acids that are incorporated into TAGs are activated to acyl-CoAs through the action of acyl-CoA synthetases. Two molecules of acyl-CoA are esterified to glycerol-3-phosphate to yield 1,2-diacylglycerol phosphate (also known as phosphatidic acid). The phosphate is then removed by phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP1), to generate 1,2-diacylglycerol. This diacylglycerol serves as the substrate for addition of the third fatty acid to make TAG. Intestinal monoacylglycerols, derived from dietary fats, can also serve as substrates for the synthesis of 1,2-diacylglycerols.'}",B
What is the description of Uric acid?,"{'A': ""Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland to regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood. Specifically, it regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. It is synthesized from cholesterol by aldosterone synthase, which is absent in other sections of the adrenal gland. It is the sole endogenous member of the class of mineralocorticoids. Aldosterone increases the permeability of the apical (luminal) membrane of the kidney's collecting ducts to potassium and sodium and activates their basolateral Na+/K+ pumps, stimulating ATP hydrolysis, reabsorbing sodium (Na+) ions and water into the blood, and excreting potassium (K+) ions into the urine."", 'B': 'Uric acid is a heterocyclic purine derivative that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism. It is a weak acid distributed throughout the extracellular fluid as sodium urate. Uric acid is produced by the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which oxidizes oxypurines such as xanthine into uric acid. In most mammals, except humans and higher primates, the enzyme uricase further oxidizes uric acid to allantoin. Interestingly, during the Miocene epoch (~15-20 million years ago), two distinct mutations in the primate genome occurred that led to a nonfunctioning uricase gene. Consequently, humans, apes, and certain New World monkeys have much higher uric acid levels (>120 μM) compared with other mammals (<<120 uM). The loss of uricase in higher primates parallels the similar loss of the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid vitamin C. This may be because in higher primates uric acid partially replaces ascorbic acid. Like ascorbic acid, uric acid is an antioxidant. In fact, in primates, uric acid is the major antioxidant in serum and is thought to be a major factor in lengthening life-span and decreasing age-specific cancer rates in humans and other primates (PMID: 6947260). Uric acid is also the end product of nitrogen metabolism in birds and reptiles. In these animal species, it is excreted in feces as a dry mass. In humans and other mammals, the amount of urate in the blood depends on the dietary intake of purines, the level of endogenous urate biosynthesis, and the rate of urate excretion. Several kidney urate transporters are involved in the regulation of plasma urate levels. These include the urate transporter 1 (URAT1), which controls the reabsorption of urate as well as a number of organic ion transporters (OAT), such as OAT1 and OAT3, and the ATP-dependent urate export transporter MRP4. URAT1 is believed to be most critical in the regulation of plasma urate levels. (PMID: 17890445) High levels of plasma uric acid lead to a condition called hyperuricemia while low levels are associated with a condition called hypouricemia. Hyperuricemia has been defined as a uric acid concentration greater than 380 μM, while hypouricemia is generally defined as a urate concentration of less than 120 μM. Hyperuricemia can arise from a number of factors, including both acute and chronic causes. Acute causes of hyperuricemia include the intake of large amounts of alcohol, tumor lysis syndrome and a diet that is rich in purines or proteins. Chronic hyperuricemia can arise from a reduction in the kidney’s glomerular filtration rate, a decrease in the excretion of urate or an increase in overall tubular absorption in the kidneys. Hyperuricemia has been linked to a number of diseases and conditions, including gout, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and renal disease. Uric acid has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Many of the causes of hyperuricemia are correctable either with lifestyle changes or drugs. Lifestyle changes include reducing weight and reducing the consumption of protein, purines, and alcohol. There are two kinds of drugs that can be used to treat chronic hyperuricemia. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, such as allopurinol, inhibit the production of urate by blocking urate synthesis. Alternately, uricosuric drugs, such as probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, and benzpromarone, are used to reduce the serum urate concentration through the inhibition of the URAT1 transporter. (PMID: 17890445). Uric acid (especially crystalline uric acid) is also thought to be an essential initiator and amplifier of allergic inflammation for asthma and peanut allergies (PMID: 21474346).', 'C': '3,7-Dihydroxy-12-oxocholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'D': '3-Hexenedioic acid is a normal human unsaturated dicarboxylic acid metabolite with increased excretion in patients with Dicarboxylic aciduria caused by fatty acid metabolism disorders. (PMID 2614263, 7096501) The urinary excretion of 3-Hexenedioic acid is increased in conditions of augmented mobilization of fatty acids or inhibited fatty acid oxidation. (PMID 2001377).'}",B
What is the description of Cholest-5-ene?,"{'A': 'Cholestenes are derivatives of cholestanes which have a double bond. One of the most significant cholestenes is cholecalciferol. If there are two double bonds, the molecule is known as a ""cholestadienes"". Examples include fusidic acid, lanosterol, and stigmasterol.--Wikipedia.', 'B': 'Arabinonic acid (CAS: 13752-83-5) is a substrate of L-arabinonate dehydratase [EC 4.2.1.25] in the pathway ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (KEGG).', 'C': 'Threonine (Thr) or L-threonine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-threonine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Threonine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. Threonine is sometimes considered as a branched chain amino acid. Threonine was actually the last of the 20 amino acids to be discovered (in 1938). It was named threonine because it was similar in structure to threonic acid, a four-carbon monosaccharide. Threonine is an essential amino acid in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it and that it must be obtained from the diet. Foods high in threonine include cottage cheese, poultry, fish, meat, lentils, black turtle bean and sesame seeds. Adult humans require about 20 mg/kg body weight/day. In plants and microorganisms, threonine is synthesized from aspartic acid via alpha-aspartyl-semialdehyde and homoserine. In proteins, the threonine residue is susceptible to numerous posttranslational modifications. The hydroxyl side-chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation and phosphorylation through the action of a threonine kinase. Threonine is abundant in human plasma, particularly in newborns. Severe deficiency of threonine causes neurological dysfunction and lameness in experimental animals. Threonine is an immunostimulant which promotes the growth of thymus gland. It also can probably promote cell immune defense function. The threonine content of most of the infant formulas currently on the market is approximately 20% higher than the threonine concentration in human milk. Due to this high threonine content the plasma threonine concentrations are up to twice as high in premature infants fed these formulas than in infants fed human milk. The whey proteins which are used for infant formulas are sweet whey proteins. Sweet whey results from cheese production. Increasing the threonine plasma concentrations leads to accumulation of threonine and glycine in the brain. Such accumulation affects the neurotransmitter balance which may have consequences for the brain development during early postnatal life. Thus, excessive threonine intake during infant feeding should be avoided. (PMID 9853925). Threonine is metabolized in at least two ways. In many animals it is converted to pyruvate via threonine dehydrogenase. An intermediate in this pathway can undergo thiolysis with CoA to produce acetyl-CoA and glycine. In humans the gene for threonine dehydrogenase is an inactive pseudogene, so threonine is converted to alpha-ketobutyrate.', 'D': 'Choline is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. Choline is now considered to be an essential vitamin. While humans can synthesize small amounts (by converting phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine), it must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. Required levels are between 425 mg/day (female) and 550 mg/day (male). Milk, eggs, liver, and peanuts are especially rich in choline. Most choline is found in phospholipids, namely phosphatidylcholine or lecithin. Choline can be oxidized to form betaine, which is a methyl source for many reactions (i.e. conversion of homocysteine into methionine). Lack of sufficient amounts of choline in the diet can lead to a fatty liver condition and general liver damage. This arises from the lack of VLDL, which is necessary to transport fats away from the liver. Choline deficiency also leads to elevated serum levels of alanine amino transferase and is associated with increased incidence of liver cancer.'}",A
What is the description of Ammonia?,"{'A': 'Cholesteryl linoleic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl linoleate is contained in low density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic lesions. The oxidation products of cholesteryl linoleate may cause chronic inflammatory processes. (PMID 9684755, 11950694).', 'B': ""Sialyllactose is an oligossaccharide found in both human breast milk and cow's milk. It is the predominant sialylated component in milk. Sialyllactose has recently been shown to inhibit the infection of HIV-1 virus. Sialyllactose is also responsible for the inhibitory activity of milk on cholera toxin."", 'C': ""Ammonia is a colourless alkaline gas and is one of the most abundant nitrogen-containing compounds in the atmosphere. It is an irritant with a characteristic pungent odor that is widely used in industry. Inasmuch as ammonia is highly soluble in water and, upon inhalation, is deposited in the upper airways, occupational exposures to ammonia have commonly been associated with sinusitis, upper airway irritation, and eye irritation. Acute exposures to high levels of ammonia have also been associated with diseases of the lower airways and interstitial lung. Small amounts of ammonia are naturally formed in nearly all tissues and organs of the vertebrate organism. Ammonia is both a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. In fact, it is the most common endogenous neurotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that causes damage to neural tissue and neural cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Ammonia is recognized to be central in the pathogenesis of a brain condition known as hepatic encephalopathy, which arises from various liver diseases and leads to a build up ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia). More than 40% of people with cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy. Part of the neurotoxicity of ammonia arises from the fact that it easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and is absorbed and metabolized by the astrocytes, a population of cells in the brain that constitutes 30% of the cerebral cortex. Astrocytes use ammonia when synthesizing glutamine from glutamate. The increased levels of glutamine lead to an increase in osmotic pressure in the astrocytes, which become swollen. There is increased activity of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, and the energy supply to other brain cells is decreased. This can be thought of as an example of brain edema. The source of the ammonia leading to hepatic encaphlopahy is not entirely clear. The gut produces ammonia, which is metabolized in the liver, and almost all organ systems are involved in ammonia metabolism. Colonic bacteria produce ammonia by splitting urea and other amino acids, however this does not fully explain hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy. The alternative explanation is that hyperammonemia is the result of intestinal breakdown of amino acids, especially glutamine. The intestines have significant glutaminase activity, predominantly located in the enterocytes. On the other hand, intestinal tissues only have a little glutamine synthetase activity, making it a major glutamine-consuming organ. In addition to the intestine, the kidney is an important source of blood ammonia in patients with liver disease. Ammonia is also taken up by the muscle and brain in hepatic coma, and there is confirmation that ammonia is metabolized in muscle. Excessive formation of ammonia in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients has also been demonstrated, and it has been shown that some Alzheimer's disease patients exhibit elevated blood ammonia concentrations. Ammonia is the most important natural modulator of lysosomal protein processing. Indeed, there is strong evidence for the involvement of aberrant lysosomal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) in the formation of amyloid deposits. Inflammatory processes and activation of microglia are widely believed to be implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Ammonia is able to affect the characteristic functions of microglia, such as endocytosis, and cytokine production. Based on these facts, an ammonia-based hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease has been suggested (PMID: 17006913, 16167195, 15377862, 15369278). Chronically high levels of ammonia in the blood are associated with nearly twenty different inborn errors of metabolism including: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, 3-methyl-crotonylglycinuria, argininemia, argininosuccinic aciduria, beta-ketothiolase deficiency, biotinidase deficiency, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, citrullinemia type I, hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome, hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome, isovaleric aciduria, lysinuric protein intolerance, malonic aciduria, methylmalonic aciduria, methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders, propionic acidemia, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, and short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD deficiency). Many of these inborn errors of metabolism are associated with urea cycle disorders or impairment to amino acid metabolism. High levels of ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia) lead to the activation of NMDA receptors in the brain. This results in the depletion of brain ATP, which in turn leads to release of glutamate. Ammonia also leads to the impairment of mitochondrial function and calcium homeostasis, thereby decreasing ATP synthesis. Excess ammonia also increases the formation of nitric oxide (NO), which in turn reduces the activity of glutamine synthetase, and thereby decreases the elimination of ammonia in the brain (PMID: 12020609). As a neurotoxin, ammonia predominantly affects astrocytes. Disturbed mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, factors implicated in the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition, appear to be involved in the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity. Ammonia can also affect the glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal systems, the two prevailing neuronal systems of the cortical structures. All of these effects can lead to irreversible brain damage, coma, and/or death. Infants with urea cycle disorders and hyperammonia initially exhibit vomiting and increasing lethargy. If untreated, seizures, hypotonia (poor muscle tone, floppiness), respiratory distress (respiratory alkalosis), and coma can occur. Adults with urea cycle disorders and hyperammonia will exhibit episodes of disorientation, confusion, slurred speech, unusual and extreme combativeness or agitation, stroke-like symptoms, lethargy, and delirium. Ammonia also has toxic effects when an individual is exposed to ammonia solutions. Acute exposure to high levels of ammonia in air may be irritating to skin, eyes, throat, and lungs and cause coughing and burns. Lung damage and death may occur after exposure to very high concentrations of ammonia. Swallowing concentrated solutions of ammonia can cause burns in the mouth, throat, and stomach. Splashing ammonia into eyes can cause burns and even blindness."", 'D': 'Potassium is an essential electrolyte. Potassium balance is crucial for regulating the excitability of nerves and muscles and so critical for regulating contractility of cardiac muscle. Although the most important changes seen in the presence of deranged potassium are cardiac, smooth muscle is also affected with increasing muscle weakness, a feature of both hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Potassium (K+) is a positively charged electrolyte, cation, which is present throughout the body in both intracellular and extracellular fluids. The majority of body potassium, >90%, are intracellular. It moves freely from intracellular fluid (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF) and vice versa when adenosine triphosphate increases the permeability of the cell membrane. It is mainly replaced inside or outside the cells by another cation, sodium (Na+). The movement of potassium into or out of the cells is linked to certain body hormones and also to certain physiological states. Standard laboratory tests measure ECF potassium. Potassium enters the body rapidly during food ingestion. Insulin is produced when a meal is eaten; this causes the temporary movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. Over the ensuing hours, the kidneys excrete the ingested potassium and homeostasis is returned. In the critically ill patient, suffering from hyperkalaemia, this mechanism can be manipulated beneficially by administering high concentration (50%) intravenous glucose. Insulin can be added to the glucose, but glucose alone will stimulate insulin production and cause movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. The stimulation of alpha receptors causes increased movement of potassium from ICF to ECF. A noradrenaline infusion can elevate serum potassium levels. An adrenaline infusion, or elevated adrenaline levels, can lower serum potassium levels. Metabolic acidosis causes a rise in extracellular potassium levels. In this situation, excess of hydrogen ions (H+) are exchanged for intracellular potassium ions, probably as a result of the cellular response to a falling blood pH. Metabolic alkalosis causes the opposite effect, with potassium moving into the cells. (PMID: 17883675).'}",C
What is the description of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid?,"{'A': ""4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) is a keto acid that is involved in the tyrosine catabolism pathway. It is a product of the enzyme (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.222) and is formed during tyrosine metabolism. The conversion from tyrosine to 4-HPPA is catalyzed by tyrosine aminotransferase. Additionally, 4-HPPA can be converted to homogentisic acid which is one of the precursors to ochronotic pigment. The enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPD) catalyzes the reaction that converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid to homogentisic acid. A deficiency in the catalytic activity of HPD is known to lead to tyrosinemia type III, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood tyrosine and massive excretion of tyrosine derivatives into urine. It has been shown that hawkinsinuria, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the excretion of 'hawkinsin,' may also be a result of HPD deficiency (PMID: 11073718). Moreover, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is also found to be associated in phenylketonuria, which is also an inborn error of metabolism. There are two isomers of HPPA, specifically 4HPPA and 3HPPA, of which 4HPPA is the most common. 4-HPPA has been found to be a microbial metabolite in Escherichia (ECMDB)."", 'B': 'Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon straight-chain fatty acid known by the systematic name octanoic acid. It is found naturally in coconuts and breast milk. It is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste that is minimally soluble in water. Caprylic acid is used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes (Wikipedia). Caprylic acid can be found in numerous foods such as Prunus (Cherry, Plum), pineapple sages, black raspberries, and shallots. Caprylic acid is found to be associated with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.', 'C': '6-Ketoestriol is a normal human metabolite that is in elevated concentration in the urine of patients with prolactinoma. (PMID 9812172).', 'D': ""Sorbitol is a polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications. Ascorbic acid fermentation; in solution form for moisture-conditioning of cosmetic creams and lotions, toothpaste, tobacco, gelatin; bodying agent for paper, textiles, and liquid pharmaceuticals; softener for candy; sugar crystallization inhibitor; surfactants; urethane resins and rigid foams; plasticizer, stabilizer for vinyl resins; food additive (sweetener, humectant, emulsifier, thickener, anticaking agent); dietary supplement. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary) Biological Source: Occurs widely in plants ranging from algae to the higher orders. Fruits of the plant family Rosaceae, which include apples, pears, cherries, apricots, contain appreciable amounts. Rich sources are the fruits of the Sorbus and Crataegus species Use/Importance: Used for manufacturing of sorbose, propylene glycol, ascorbic acid, resins, plasticizers and as antifreeze mixtures with glycerol or glycol. Tablet diluent, sweetening agent and humectant, other food uses. Sorbitol is used in photometric determination of Ru(VI) and Ru(VIII); in acid-base titration of borate (Dictionary of Organic Compounds).""}",A
What is the description of Indolelactic acid?,"{'A': 'L-Palmitoylcarnitine or hexadecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. It is technically a long-chain acyl fatty acid derivative ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, palmitic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called palmitoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the Long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2.  In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, palmitoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form palmitoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the palmitoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, palmitoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form palmitoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. Palmitoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing palmitoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.  L-Palmitoylcarnitine has been also reported to change the activity of certain proteins and to stimulate the activity of caspases 3, 7, and 8. Interestingly, the level of this long-chain acylcarnitine has been shown to increase during apoptosis. Palmitoylcarnitine has also been reported to diminish the binding of phorbol esters (protein kinase C activators) and the autophosphorylation of the enzyme. Some of the physicochemical properties of palmitoylcarnitine may help to explain the need for coenzyme A-carnitine-coenzyme A acyl exchange during mitochondrial fatty acid import. The amphiphilic character of palmitoylcarnitine may also explain its proposed involvement in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine accumulates in ischemic myocardium and potentially contributes to myocardial damage through alterations in membrane molecular dynamics. This is a mechanism through which could play an important role in ischemic injury (PMID: 2540838, 15363641, 8706815). Palmitoylcarnitine is characteristically elevated in late-onset carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (OMIM: 255110).', 'B': 'Hydroxyoctanoic acid medium chain substrate of the 2-hydroxy acid oxidases associated with the 3 distinct human 2-hydroxy acid oxidase genes, HAOX1, HAOX2, and HAOX3. (PMID: 10777549).', 'C': 'Glycerol or glycerin is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and mostly non-toxic. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant and in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol is an important component of triglycerides (i.e. fats and oils) and of phospholipids. Glycerol is a three-carbon substance that forms the backbone of fatty acids in fats. When the body uses stored fat as a source of energy, glycerol and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream. The glycerol component can be converted into glucose by the liver and provides energy for cellular metabolism. Normally, glycerol shows very little acute toxicity and very high oral doses or acute exposures can be tolerated. On the other hand, chronically high levels of glycerol in the blood are associated with glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD). GKD causes the condition known as hyperglycerolemia, an accumulation of glycerol in the blood and urine. There are three clinically distinct forms of GKD: infantile, juvenile, and adult. The infantile form is the most severe and is associated with vomiting, lethargy, severe developmental delay, and adrenal insufficiency. The mechanisms of glycerol toxicity in infants are not known, but it appears to shift metabolism towards chronic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated GKD. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. Patients with the adult form of GKD generally have no symptoms and are often detected fortuitously.', 'D': 'Indolelactic acid (CAS: 1821-52-9) is a tryptophan metabolite found in human plasma, serum, and urine. Tryptophan is metabolized by two major pathways in humans, either through kynurenine or via a series of indoles, and some of its metabolites are known to be biologically active. Indolelactic acid is present in various amounts, significantly higher in umbilical fetal plasma than in maternal plasma in the protein-bound form (PMID 2361979, 1400722, 3597614, 11060358, 1400722). Indolelactic acid is also a microbial metabolite; urinary indole-3-lactate is produced by Clostridium sporogenes (PMID: 29168502).'}",D
What is the description of L-alpha-Aminobutyric acid?,"{'A': 'Myristic acid, also known as tetradecanoic acid or C14:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Myristic acid (its ester is called myristate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 14 carbons; as such, it is a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water.  It exists as an oily white crystalline solid.  Myristic acid is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals, and is found in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat, as well as coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.  Industrially, myristic acid is used to synthesize a variety of flavour compounds and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics (Dorland, 28th ed). Within eukaryotic cells, myristic acid is also commonly conjugated to a penultimate N-terminal glycine residue in receptor-associated kinases to confer membrane localization of these enzymes (a post-translational modification called myristoylation via the enzyme N-myristoyltransferase). Myristic acid has a high enough hydrophobicity to allow the myristoylated protein to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells.  Also, this fatty acid is known because it accumulates as fat in the body; however, its consumption also impacts positively on cardiovascular health (see, for example, PMID: 15936650).  Myristic acid is named after the scientific name for nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair.', 'B': ""L-alpha-Aminobutyric acid, also known as (S)-2-aminobutanoic acid, homoalanine, 2-AABA, or alpha-Aminobutyric acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-Amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-alpha-Aminobutyric acid is a non-proteogenic amino acid that can be found in the human kidney, in liver tissues, and in most biofluids or excreta (e.g. feces, breast milk, urine, and blood). Within the cell, L-alpha-aminobutyric acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm. alpha-Aminobutyric acid is biosynthesized by transamination of oxobutyrate, a metabolite in isoleucine biosynthesis. As a non-proteogenic amino acid, alpha-aminobutyric acid can be used by nonribosomal peptide synthases. One example of a nonribosomal peptide containing alpha-aminobutyric acid is ophthalmic acid, which was first isolated from calf lens. alpha-Aminobutyric acid is a non-essential amino acid that is primarily derived from the catabolism of methionine, threonine, and serine. High protein diets can result in significantly higher alpha-aminobutyrate levels in plasma (PMID: 26227325). alpha-Aminobutyric acid is elevated in the plasma of children with Reye's syndrome, tyrosinemia, homocystinuria, nonketotic hyperglycinemia, and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (PMID: 420125). alpha-Aminobutyric acid is one of the three isomers of aminobutyric acid. The two others are the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) which is known for inducing plant disease resistance."", 'C': ""Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a well-known endogenous antagonist of the glutamate ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alphaamino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid and kainate receptors and of the nicotine cholinergic subtype alpha 7 receptors. KYNA neuroprotective and anticonvulsive activities have been demonstrated in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Because of KYNA's neuromodulatory character, its involvement has been speculatively linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological conditions including those in the ageing process. Different patterns of abnormalities in various stages of KYNA metabolism in the CNS have been reported in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. In HIV-1-infected patients and in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis a marked rise of KYNA metabolism was seen. In the ageing process KYNA metabolism in the CNS of rats shows a characteristic pattern of changes throughout the life span. A marked increase of the KYNA content in the CNS occurs before the birth, followed by a dramatic decline on the day of birth. A low activity was seen during ontogenesis, and a slow and progressive enhancement occurs during maturation and ageing. This remarkable profile of KYNA metabolism alterations in the mammalian brain has been suggested to result from the development of the organisation of neuronal connections and synaptic plasticity, development of receptor recognition sites, maturation and ageing. There is significant evidence that KYNA can improve cognition and memory, but it has also been demonstrated that it interferes with working memory. Impairment of cognitive function in various neurodegenerative disorders is accompanied by profound reduction and/or elevation of KYNA metabolism. The view that enhancement of CNS KYNA levels could underlie cognitive decline is supported by the increased KYNA metabolism in Alzheimer's disease, by the increased KYNA metabolism in down's syndrome and the enhancement of KYNA function during the early stage of Huntington's disease. Kynurenic acid is the only endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist identified up to now, that mediates glutamatergic hypofunction. Schizophrenia is a disorder of dopaminergic neurotransmission, but modulation of the dopaminergic system by glutamatergic neurotransmission seems to play a key role. Despite the NMDA receptor antagonism, kynurenic acid also blocks, in lower doses, the nicotinergic acetycholine receptor, i.e., increased kynurenic acid levels can explain psychotic symptoms and cognitive deterioration. Kynurenic acid levels are described to be higher in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in critical central nervous system (CNS) regions of schizophrenics as compared to controls. (PMID: 17062375 , 16088227). KYNA has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821)."", 'D': 'Cysteinylglycine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of cysteine and glycine. It is derived from the breakdown of glutathione (a tripeptide). In plasma, cysteinylglycine is in a reduced, oxidized, and protein-bound form (aminothiol) and interacts via redox and disulphide exchange reactions in a dynamic system referred to as redox thiol status (PMID: 8642471). Spermatozoa of sub-fertile men contain significantly higher thiol concentrations as compared with those of fertile men. The detrimental effect on embryo quality of a high homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in the ejaculate and in the follicular fluid is intriguing and may suggest that Hcy is inversely associated with fertility outcome (PMID: 16556671). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which involves the synovial membrane of multiple diarthroidal joints causing damage to cartilage and bones. The damage process seems to be related to an overproduction of oxygen reactive species inducing an oxidative perturbation with an increase in some oxidized forms (disulfides and protein mixed disulfides) and a decrease in free thiols (PMID: 15895891). Imipenem (thienamycin formamidine) is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, always used in combination with cilastatin in order to avoid the premature breakdown of imipenem by renal tubular dipeptidase. As this dipeptidase also hydrolyzes the glutathione metabolite cysteinylglycine, the therapeutic association of imipenem and cilastatin causes plasma levels of cysteinylglycine to increase significantly, while cysteine levels are decreased and homocysteine levels are unaffected. Therefore, antibiotic treatment using imipenem-cilastatin induces important metabolic changes that should not remain unrecognized (PMID: 15843241).'}",B
What is the description of DL-Homocystine?,"{'A': 'Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a molecule that belongs to the class of compounds known as indoleamines. An indoleamine consists of an indole ring that bears an amino group or an alkyl amino group attached to the indole ring. Serotonin has an aminoethyl at position 2 and a hydroxyl group at position 5 of the indole ring. Serotonin exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. In mammals, serotonin functions as a monoamine neurotransmitter, a biochemical messenger and regulator. It is synthesized from the essential amino acid L-Tryptophan. Approximately 90% of the human body\'s total serotonin is located in the enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract, where it regulates intestinal movements. About 8% is found in platelets and 1–2% in the CNS. Serotonin in the nervous system acts as a local transmitter at synapses, and as a paracrine or hormonal modulator of circuits upon diffusion, allowing a wide variety of ""state-dependent"" behavioral responses to different stimuli. Serotonin is widely distributed in the nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates and some of its behavioral effects have been preserved along evolution. Such is the case of aggressive behavior and rhythmic motor patterns, including those responsible for feeding.  In vertebrates, which display a wider and much more sophisticated behavioral repertoire, serotonin also modulates sleep, the arousal state, sexual behavior, and others. Deficiencies of the serotonergic system causes disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, posttraumatic stress disorder, epilepsy, and generalized anxiety disorder. Serotonin has three different modes of action in the nervous system: as transmitter, acting locally at synaptic boutons; upon diffusion at a distance from its release sites, producing paracrine (also called volume) effects, and by circulating in the blood stream, producing hormonal effects. The three modes can affect a single neuronal circuit. (PMID: 16047543). Serotonin is also a microbial metabolite that can be found in the feces and urine of mammals. Urinary serotonin is produced by Candida, Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Enterococcus (PMID: 24621061). In plants, serotonin was first found and reported in a legume called Mucuna pruriens. The greatest concentration of serotonin in plants has been found in walnuts and hickory. In pineapples, banana, kiwi fruit, plums and tomatoes the concentration of serotonin is around 3 to 30 mg/kg.', 'B': ""Glycogen is a highly-branched polymer of about 30,000 glucose residues. The simplest structure of glycogen is made up of four units of glucose with an approximate molecular weight of 666 daltons. However, large molecules of glycogen can reach molecular weights in the order of 5 million Da. Most of the glucose units are linked together by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, and approximately 1 in 12 glucose residues also form a 1,6 glycosidic bond with a second glucose, resulting in the creation of a branch. Glycogen only has one reducing end and a large number of non-reducing ends with a free hydroxyl group at carbon 4. The glycogen granules contain both glycogen and the enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) and degradation (glycogenolysis). The enzymes are nested between the outer branches of the glycogen molecules and act on the non-reducing ends. Therefore, the many non-reducing end-branches of glycogen facilitate its rapid synthesis and breakdown. In hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin, liver glycogen levels are high, but the high insulin level prevents the necessary glycogenolysis to take place to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a common treatment for this type of hypoglycemia. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose (Glc) in animal cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol in many cell types. Hepatocytes (liver cells) have the highest concentration of it - up to 8% of the fresh weight in well fed state, or 100 to 120 g in an adult - giving liver a distinctive, 'starchy taste'. In the muscles, glycogen is found in a much lower concentration (1% of the muscle mass), but the total amount exceeds that in liver. Small amounts of glycogen are found in the kidneys, and even smaller amounts in certain glial cells in the brain and white blood cells."", 'C': 'Homocystine is the oxidized form of homocysteine.  Homocystine is a dipeptide consisting of two homocysteine molecules joined by a disulfide bond. Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that arises during methionine metabolism. Homocystine occurs only transiently before being reduced to homocysteine and converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfides account for >98% of total homocysteine in plasma from healthy individuals (PMID 11592966).  Homocystine has been shown to stereospecifically induce endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent lipid peroxidation in endothelial cells, thereby inducing a vascular cell type-specific oxidative stress. This vascular stress is associated with atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (PMID: 14980706).  High levels of homocysteine (and homocysteine) can be found in individuals suffering from homocystinura due to cystathionine synthase deficiency (PMID: 4685596)', 'D': ""Uridine diphosphategalactose (UDPgal) is a nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. UDPgal is a pivotal compound in the metabolism of galactose. UDPgal is a product of the galactose-l-phosphate uridyl transferase (EC 2.7.7.10) reaction but may also be made from Glucose-l-P, involving uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2). UDPgal is the necessary galactosyl donor of galactose in the metabolism to incorporate it into complex oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids (galactosides). Defective galactosylation of complex glycoconjugates exists in tissues from galactosemic patients. There is a tendency for galactosemic red cell UDPgal to be in the low normal range with a high uridine diphosphate glucose to UDP-gal ratio. This may reflect an inability of red cell UDPgal-4'-epimerase to maintain a normal ratio and consequently higher levels of UDPgal. In the more complex white blood cells and cultured fibroblasts, the UDPgal content and the uridine diphosphate glucose to UDPgal ratio of galactosemics are normal. Therefore, defective galactosylation observed in galactosemic fibroblasts must result from a defect in the transfer of galactose from UDPgal to these moieties. (PMID: 2122114, 7671968).""}",C
What is the description of Cellobiose?,"{'A': ""Cellobiose, also known as GLCB1-4GLCB or cellose, is a disaccharide. It is also classified as a reducing sugar. In terms of its chemical structure, it is derived from the condensation of a pair beta-glucose molecules creating a beta (1‚Üí4) bond. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as O-glycosyl compounds. These are glycosides in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. Cellobiose can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and cellulose-rich materials such as cotton, jute, or paper. Cellobiose is a plant metabolite found in flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. Cellobiose can also be found in vertebrates that have consumed plant foods. It has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as okra, common chokecherries, cherry tomatoes, and welsh onions. Cellobiose can be used as an indicator carbohydrate for Crohn's disease and malabsorption syndrome. Intestinal permeability to detect Crohn's disease and malabsorption syndrome can be measured by the sugar absorption test. This test is based on determining the ratio of the urinary excretion of a large (a disaccharide such as cellobiose) and a small carbohydrate (a monosaccharide such as lactulose or rhamnose) after oral administration. Patients with Crohn's disease or with ulcerative colitis have increased permeability indices in comparison to healthy controls (PMID: 15546811)."", 'B': 'Choline is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. Choline is now considered to be an essential vitamin. While humans can synthesize small amounts (by converting phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine), it must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. Required levels are between 425 mg/day (female) and 550 mg/day (male). Milk, eggs, liver, and peanuts are especially rich in choline. Most choline is found in phospholipids, namely phosphatidylcholine or lecithin. Choline can be oxidized to form betaine, which is a methyl source for many reactions (i.e. conversion of homocysteine into methionine). Lack of sufficient amounts of choline in the diet can lead to a fatty liver condition and general liver damage. This arises from the lack of VLDL, which is necessary to transport fats away from the liver. Choline deficiency also leads to elevated serum levels of alanine amino transferase and is associated with increased incidence of liver cancer.', 'C': ""Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products."", 'D': 'D-alpha-Aminobutyric acid (AABA), also known as alpha-aminobutyrate, (R)-2-aminobutanoic acid or D-homoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as D-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the D-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid is an optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration. It is an enantiomer of a L-alpha-aminobutyric acid and a non-proteinogenic amino acid. Alpha-aminobutyric acid is one of the three isomers of aminobutyric acid. The two others are the neurotransmitter Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Beta-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) which is known for inducing plant disease resistance. Optically active organic compounds found in meteorites typically exist in racemic form, yet life on Earth has almost exclusively selected for L- over D-enantiomers of amino acids. D-enantiomers of non-proteinogenic amino acids are known to inhibit aerobic microorganisms. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid has been shown to inhibit microbial iron reduction by a number of Geobacter strains including Geobacter bemidjiensis, Geobacter metallireducens and Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus (PMID: 25695622). D-alpha-Aminobutyric acid is a known substrate of D-amino acid oxidase (PMID: 6127341).'}",A
What is the description of Hypoxanthine?,"{'A': 'Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, also known as PRPP or PRib-PP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a pentose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, guanine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine monophosphate through its interaction with the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. In addition, guanine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine monophosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. In humans, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is involved in adenosine deaminase deficiency. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is a pentosephosphate and it is the key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. It is formed from ribose 5-phosphate by the enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase. It plays a role in transferring phosphate groups in several reactions.', 'B': '7-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is a normal metabolite of medium-chain fatty acid oxidation, and is excreted in the urine as 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-beta-D-glucuronide (PMID 8799296), and have been found slightly elevated in the urine of persons with abnormal fatty acid metabolism (PMID 2094705).', 'C': 'Hypoxanthine, also known as purine-6-ol or Hyp, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purines. Purines are a bicyclic aromatic compound made up of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Hypoxanthine is also classified as an oxopurine, Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring purine derivative and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the nucleotide salvage pathway. Hypoxanthine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Hypoxanthine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as radish (var.), mountain yams, welsh onions, greenthread tea, and common beets. Hypoxanthine is occasionally found as a constituent of nucleic acids, where it is present in the anticodon of tRNA in the form of its nucleoside inosine. Biologically, hypoxanthine can be formed a number of ways. For instance, it is one of the products of the action of xanthine oxidase on xanthine. However, more frequently xanthine is formed from oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase. The enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase converts hypoxanthine into IMP in the nucleotide salvage pathway. Hypoxanthine is also a spontaneous deamination product of adenine. Under normal circumstances hypoxanthine is readily converted to uric acid. In this process, hypoxanthine is first oxidized to xanthine, which is further oxidized to uric acid by xanthine oxidase. Molecular oxygen, the oxidant in both reactions, is reduced to H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species. In humans, uric acid is the final product of purine degradation and is excreted in the urine. Within humans, hypoxanthine participates in a number of other enzymatic reactions. In particular, hypoxanthine and ribose 1-phosphate can be biosynthesized from inosine through its interaction with the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Hypoxanthine is also involved in the metabolic disorder called the purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency is a disorder of the immune system (primary immunodeficiency) characterized by recurrent infections, neurologic symptoms, and autoimmune disorders. PNP deficiency causes a shortage of white blood cells, called T-cells, that help fight infection. Affected individuals develop neurologic symptoms, such as stiff or rigid muscles (spasticity), uncoordinated movements (ataxia), developmental delay, and intellectual disability. PNP deficiency is associated with an increased risk to develop autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), autoimmune neutropenia, thyroiditis, and lupus.', 'D': '3a,7b,12a-Trihydroxyoxocholanyl-Glycine is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct therefore exist in a glycine conjugated form (PMID: 16949895). 3a,7b,12a-Trihydroxyoxocholanyl-Glycine is a specific ketonic bile acid found in the urine of infants during the neonatal period. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12.'}",C
What is the description of Isovaleric acid?,"{'A': 'Pyrocatechol, often known as catechol or benzene-1,2-diol, is a benzenediol, with formula C6H4(OH)2. It was first prepared in 1839 by H. Reinsch by distilling catechin (the juice of Mimosa catechu). This colourless compound occurs naturally, but about 20000 tons are manufactured each year, mainly as precursors to pesticides, flavors, and fragrances. Its sulfonic acid is often present in the urine of many mammals. Small amounts of catechol occur naturally in fruits and vegetables, along with the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. Upon mixing the enzyme with the substrate and exposure to oxygen (as when a potato or apple is cut), the colorless catechol oxidizes to reddish-brown benzoquinone derivatives. The enzyme is inactivated by adding an acid, such as lemon juice, or by refrigeration. Excluding oxygen also prevents the browning reaction. Catechol melts at 28 °C and boils at 250 °C. It is employed in medicine as an expectorant. The dimethyl ether or veratrol is also used in medicine. Many other pyrocatechin derivatives have been suggested for therapeutic application. Pyrocatechol has also been found to be a microbial metabolite in Escherichia, Mycobacterium and Pseudomonas (PMID:19300498; PMID:25281236).', 'B': 'Isoallolithocholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'C': 'Isovaleric acid, is a natural fatty acid found in a wide variety of plants and essential oils. Isovaleric acid is clear colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water, but well soluble in most common organic solvents. It has been suggested that isovaleric acid from pilot whales, a species frequently consumed in the Faroe Islands, may be the unusual dietary factor in prolonged gestation in the population of the Faroe Islands. Previous studies suggested that was due to the high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been, but fatty acid data for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) in blood lipids of Faroese and Norwegians was reviewed in terms of the type of fish eaten (mostly lean white fish with DHA much greater than EPA); the popular lean fish, thus, probably provides too little EPA to produce a marked effect on human biochemistry (PMID 2646392). Isovaleric acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism.', 'D': '2-Furoylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:. acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. Dietary studies show that 2-Furoylglycine precursors are of exogenous origin. Most probably from furan derivatives found in food prepared by strong heating. This may explain the absence of 2-furoylglycine in urine of breastfed children (PMID 4630229). 2-Furoylglycine is also a microbial metabolite.'}",C
What is the description of Melibiose?,"{'A': ""Melibiose (CAS: 585-99-9) is a disaccharide consisting of one galactose and one glucose moiety in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage. This sugar is produced and metabolized only by enteric and lactic acid bacteria and other microbes, such as Dickeya dadantii, Escherichia, Leuconostoc, and Saccharomyces (PMID: 19734309, 28453942). It is not an endogenous metabolite but may be obtained from the consumption of partially fermented molasses, brown sugar, or honey. Antibodies to melibiose will appear in individuals affected by Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection). Melibiose is not metabolized by humans but can be broken down by gut microflora, such as E. coli. In fact, E. coli is able to utilize melibiose as a sole source of carbon. Melibiose is first imported by the melibiose permease, MelB and then converted into β-D-glucose and β-D-galactose by the α-galactosidase encoded by melA. Because of its poor digestibility, melibiose (along with rhamnose) can be used together for noninvasive intestinal mucosa barrier testing. This test can be used to assess malabsorption or impairment of intestinal permeability. Recent studies with dietary melibiose have shown that it can strongly affect the Th cell responses to an ingested antigen. It has been suggested that melibiose could be used to enhance the induction of oral tolerance (PMID: 17986780)."", 'B': 'Chondroitin 4-sulfate, also known as chondroitin sulfate A, is a derivative of chondroitin which has a sulfate moiety esterified to carbon 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) sugar. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide consisting of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and galactosamine, which is commonly sulfated at C-4 and/or C-6 of galactosamine. Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) covalently linked to proteins forming proteoglycans (PGs). GAGs are all anionic linear heteropolysaccharide chains of repeating disaccharide units. According to the monosaccharide types and the glycosidic bonds between them, GAGs are divided into (1) hyaluronan, (2) CS and dermatan sulfate (DS), (3) heparan sulfate and heparin, and (4) keratan sulfate. CS was isolated from cartilage in 1884, but the nature of its monosaccharides and structure was first described in 1925. On the basis of the structure of chondroitin sulfate, at least five enzyme activities could be predicted, including three transferases (EC 2.4.1.79, the initiating GalNAc transferase; EC 2.4.1.175, polymerizing GalNAc; and EC 2.4.1.17, GlcA transferase) and two sulfotransferases (EC 2.8.2.5, GalNAc 4-sulfotransferase and EC 2.8.2.17, GalNAc 6-sulfotransferase). Additional enzymes exist for the epimerization of GlcA, sulfation of the uronic acids, and other patterns of sulfation found in unusual species of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate assembly can occur on virtually all proteoglycans, depending on the cell in which the core protein is expressed. Chondroitin sulfates from different sources vary in the location of sulfate groups. Separation of the products reveals that many types of chondroitin sulfate exist in nature but many chains are hybrid structures containing more than one type of disaccharide. Animal cells also degrade chondroitin sulfate in lysosomes using a series of exoglycolytic activities (PMID: 8993162). Chondroiton sulfate is a polymer that can contain up to 100 individual sugars.', 'C': 'Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573). Increased concentration of CSF homocarnosine has been found in familial spastic paraplegia. (PMID 842287). Homocarnosinosis (an inherited disorder, OMIM 236130) is characterized by an elevated level of the dipeptide homocarnosine (Hca) in the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain and by carnosinuria and serum carnosinase deficiency, and can co-exist with paraplegia, retinitis pigmentosa, and a progressive mental deficiency. (PMID 3736769). In glial tumors of human brain the content of homocarnosine has been found to be lower than in brain tissue (PMID 1032224), while an increase in content of homocarnosine was observed in brain tissue of animals under experimental trauma of cranium. (PMID 1025883).', 'D': 'In humans, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is formed by a hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase whereas in bacteria it is formed by a 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is also formed via the normal activity of hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase during conversion of 4-hydroxybutyrate to succinate semialdehyde. The compound can be converted to alpha-ketoglutaric acid through the action of a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.2). In humans, there are two such enzymes (D2HGDH and L2HGDH). Both the D and the L stereoisomers of hydroxyglutaric acid are found in body fluids. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a biochemical hallmark of the inherited neurometabolic disorder D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (OMIM: 600721) and the genetic disorder glutaric aciduria II. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (caused by loss of D2HGDH or gain of function of IDH) is rare, with symptoms including cancer, macrocephaly, cardiomyopathy, mental retardation, hypotonia, and cortical blindness. An elevated urine level of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid has been reported in patients with spondyloenchondrodysplasia (OMIM: 271550). D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid can be converted to alpha-ketoglutaric acid through the action of 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH). Additionally, the enzyme D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) can catalyze the NADH-dependent reduction of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). Nyhan et al. (1995) described 3 female patients, 2 of them sibs, who were found to have excess accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine. The phenotype was quite variable, even among the sibs, but included mental retardation, macrocephaly with cerebral atrophy, hypotonia, seizures, and involuntary movements. One of the patients developed severe intermittent vomiting and was given a pyloromyotomy. The electroencephalogram demonstrated hypsarrhythmia. There was an increased concentration of protein in cerebrospinal fluid, an unusual finding in inborn errors of metabolism. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid can also be produced via gain-of-function mutations in the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). IDH is part of the TCA cycle and this compound is generated in high abundance when IDH is mutated. Since D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is sufficiently similar in structure to 2-oxoglutarate (2OG), it is able to inhibit a range of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, including histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) and members of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. This inhibitory effect leads to alterations in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated hypoxic response and alterations in gene expression through global epigenetic remodeling. The net effect is that D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid causes a cascading effect that leads genetic perturbations and malignant transformation. Depending on the circumstances, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid can act as an oncometabolite, a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin. An oncometabolite is a compound that promotes tumour growth and survival. A neurotoxin is compound that is toxic to neurons or nerual tissue. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels.  As an oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is a competitive inhibitor of multiple alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5mC hydroxylases. As a result, high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate lead to genome-wide histone and DNA methylation alterations, which in turn lead to mutations that ultimately cause cancer (PMID: 29038145). As a neurotoxin, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid mediates its neurotoxicity through activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is structurally similar to the excitatory amino acid glutamate and stimulates neurodegeneration by mechanisms similar to glutamate, NMDA, or mitochondrial toxins (PMID: 12153528). As an acidogen, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is classified as an alpha hydroxy acid belonging to the general class of compounds known as organic acids. Chronically high levels of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid are a feature of the inborn error of metabolism called D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart abnormalities, kidney abnormalities, liver damage, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures.'}",A
What is the description of 7b-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5b-cholanoic acid?,"{'A': '3a,12b-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': 'Tauroursocholic acid is a bile acid formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'C': '7b-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5b-cholanoic acid was one of the bile acids present in significant proportions during early gestation, identified in amniotic fluid. (PMID 2373959). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'D': 'Homoserine is a more reactive variant of the amino acid serine. In this variant, the hydroxyl side chain contains an additional CH2 group which brings the hydroxyl group closer to its own carboxyl group, allowing it to chemically react to form a five-membered ring. This occurs at the point that amino acids normally join to their neighbours in a peptide bond. Homoserine is therefore unsuitable for forming proteins and has been eliminated from the repertoire of amino acids used by living things. Homoserine is the final product on the C-terminal end of the N-terminal fragment following a cyanogen bromide cleavage. (wikipedia). Homoserine is also a microbial metabolite.'}",C
What is the description of Vanillactic acid?,"{'A': ""Homocysteine (CAS: 454-29-5) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that arises during methionine metabolism. Although its concentration in plasma is only about 10 micromolar (uM), even moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Elevations in plasma homocysteine are commonly found as a result of vitamin deficiencies, polymorphisms of enzymes of methionine metabolism, and renal disease. It has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Pyridoxal, folic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin B(12) are all required for methionine metabolism, and deficiency of each of these vitamins result in elevated plasma homocysteine. A polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T), which is quite common in most populations with a homozygosity rate of 10-15 %, is associated with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in the context of marginal folate intake. Plasma homocysteine is inversely related to plasma creatinine in patients with renal disease. This is due to an impairment in homocysteine removal in renal disease. The role of these factors, and of modifiable lifestyle factors, in affecting methionine metabolism and in determining plasma homocysteine levels is discussed. Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor modifiable by nutrition and possibly exercise. Homocysteine was first identified as an important biological compound in 1932 and linked with human disease in 1962 when elevated urinary homocysteine levels were found in children with mental retardation. This condition, called homocystinuria, was later associated with premature occlusive CVD, even in children. These observations led to research investigating the relationship of elevated homocysteine levels and CVD in a wide variety of populations including middle age and elderly men and women with and without traditional risk factors for CVD (PMID: 17136938 , 15630149). Moreover, homocysteine is found to be associated with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency, cystathioninuria, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency, and sulfite oxidase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism."", 'B': '3a,6b,7b,12b-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. 3a,6b,7b,12b-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is an uncommon bile acid with OH groups at C-3, 6, 7, and 12 positions. (High-performance liquid chromatography of bile acids. Effect of hydroxyl groups at C-3, 6, 7 and 12 on bile acid mobility. Batta, Ashok K. Aggarwal, Suresht K. Salen, Gerald. New Jersey Med. Sch., Univ. Med. Dent., Newark, NJ, USA. Journal of Liquid Chromatography (1992), 15(3), 467-78.).', 'C': 'Vanillactic acid, also known as vanillactate or VLA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanoic acids. Phenylpropanoic acids are compounds with a structure containing a benzene ring conjugated to a propanoic acid. Vanillactic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Vanillactic acid has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Vanillactic acid is an acidic catecholamine metabolite present in normal human urine (PMID 7524950), in normal human CSF (PMID 7914240), and increased in the CSF of newborns with neonatal epileptic encephalopathy mimicking aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (PMID 12200739).', 'D': 'Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, also known as PRPP or PRib-PP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a pentose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, guanine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine monophosphate through its interaction with the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. In addition, guanine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine monophosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. In humans, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is involved in adenosine deaminase deficiency. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is a pentosephosphate and it is the key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. It is formed from ribose 5-phosphate by the enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase. It plays a role in transferring phosphate groups in several reactions.'}",C
What is the description of 3-Hydroxyvaleric acid?,"{'A': '3-Hydroxyvaleric acid may be products of the condensation of propionyl-CoA with acetyl-CoA catalyzed by 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolases. An increase amount of 3-hydroxyvaleric acid can be found in methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia. (PMID: 630060).', 'B': 'Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Indeed, ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. Ethanol has a depressive effect on the central nervous system and because of its psychoactive effects, it is considered a drug. Ethanol has a complex mode of action and affects multiple systems in the brain, most notably it acts as an agonist to the GABA receptors. Death from ethanol consumption is possible when blood alcohol level reaches 0.4%. A blood level of 0.5% or more is commonly fatal. Levels of even less than 0.1% can cause intoxication, with unconsciousness often occurring at 0.3-0.4 %. Ethanol is metabolized by the body as an energy-providing carbohydrate nutrient, as it metabolizes into acetyl CoA, an intermediate common with glucose metabolism, that can be used for energy in the citric acid cycle or for biosynthesis. Ethanol within the human body is converted into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then into acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The product of the first step of this breakdown, acetaldehyde, is more toxic than ethanol. Acetaldehyde is linked to most of the clinical effects of alcohol. It has been shown to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver,[77] multiple forms of cancer, and alcoholism. Industrially, ethanol is produced both as a petrochemical, through the hydration of ethylene, and biologically, by fermenting sugars with yeast. Small amounts of ethanol are endogenously produced by gut microflora through anaerobic fermentation. However most ethanol detected in biofluids and tissues likely comes from consumption of alcoholic beverages. Absolute ethanol or anhydrous alcohol generally refers to purified ethanol, containing no more than one percent water. Absolute alcohol is not intended for human consumption. It often contains trace amounts of toxic benzene (used to remove water by azeotropic distillation). Consumption of this form of ethanol can be fatal over a short time period. Generally absolute or pure ethanol is used as a solvent for lab and industrial settings where water will disrupt a desired reaction. Pure ethanol is classed as 200 proof in the USA and Canada, equivalent to 175 degrees proof in the UK system. Ethanol is a general biomarker for the consumption of alcohol. Ethanol is also a metabolite of Hansenula and Saccharomyces (PMID: 14613880) (https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0079635206800470/1-s2.0-S0079635206800470-main.pdf?_tid=4d340044-3230-4141-88dd-deec4d2e35bd&acdnat=1550288012_0c4a20fe963843426147979d376cf624).', 'C': 'Heptacarboxylporphyrin I is a bile product that arises from the conversion of Heptacarboxylporphyrinogen I to Heptacarboxylporphyrin I by porphyrinogen carboxy-lyase (EC 4.1.1.37).', 'D': ""Cytidine triphosphate (CTP), also known as 5'-CTP, is pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate. Formally, CTP is an ester of cytidine and triphosphoric acid. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a pentose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. CTP, much like ATP, consists of a base (cytosine), a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. CTP is a high-energy molecule similar to ATP, but its role as an energy coupler is limited to a much smaller subset of metabolic reactions. CTP exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans and is used in the synthesis of RNA via RNA polymerase. Another enzyme known as cytidine triphosphate synthetase (CTPS) mediates the conversion of uridine triphosphate (UTP) into cytidine triphosphate (CTP) which is the rate-limiting step of de novo CTP biosynthesis. CTPS catalyzes a complex set of reactions that include the ATP-dependent transfer of the amide nitrogen from glutamine (i.e., glutaminase reaction) to the C-4 position of UTP to generate CTP. GTP stimulates the glutaminase reaction by accelerating the formation of a covalent glutaminyl enzyme intermediate. CTPS activity regulates the intracellular rates of RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, and phospholipid synthesis. CTPS is an established target for a number of antiviral, antineoplastic, and antiparasitic drugs. CTP also acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme known as aspartate carbamoyltransferase, which is used in pyrimidine biosynthesis. CTP also reacts with nitrogen-containing alcohols to form coenzymes that participate in the formation of phospholipids. In particular, CTP is the direct precursor of the activated, phospholipid pathway intermediates CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-choline, and CDP-ethanolamine ((PMID: 18439916). CDP-diacylglycerol is the source of the phosphatidyl moiety for phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine (synthesized by way of the CDP-diacylglycerol pathway) as well as phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylinositol (PMID: 18439916).""}",A
What is the description of 2'-Deoxysepiapterin?,"{'A': 'Chenodeoxycholic acid disulfate is a bile acid derviative. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': 'Phenylpropionylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. The detection of phenylpropionylglycine in urine after an oral load of phenylpropionic acid can be used to diagnose deficiency of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, a frequent and treatable metabolic defect. (PMID 9234867).', 'C': ""2'-Deoxysepiapterin is a metabolite of the catabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin, present in variable amounts in various human biofluids (blood, urine, feces) and tissues (kidney, liver, adrenal, brain, and blood). (PMID 6638488, 7356152, 7374483) 2'-Deoxysepiapterin can also be degraded or catabolized by microorganisms located within the cecal contents (PMID 7469409)."", 'D': 'SAICAR, also known as succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide or phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide, is a substrate for the multifunctional protein ADE2. SAICAR is an intermediate in purine metabolism. SAICAR is converted from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyribonucleotide (CAIR) via phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthetase (EC: 6.3.2.6) or SAICAR synthase. This enzyme catalyzes the eighth step in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. SAICAR (a ribotide) can lose its phosphate group leading to the appearance of a riboside known as succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside (SAICAriboside) in cerebrospinal fluid, in urine, and, to a lesser extent, in plasma. This particular riboside (called SAICAr) is characteristic of a heritable deficiency known as adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (ADSL). On the other hand, the ribotide (SAICAR) is generally harmless and is an essential intermediate in purine metabolism. When present in sufficiently high levels, SAICAR can act as an oncometabolite. An oncometabolite is a compound that promotes tumour growth and survival. As an oncometabolite, high levels of SAICAR stimulate pyruvate kinase isoform M2 and promote cancer cell survival in glucose-limited conditions such as aerobic glycolysis (PMID: 23086999).'}",C
What is the description of 1-Methylhistidine?,"{'A': '3-Methyladipic acid is a metabolite of the catabolism of phytanic acid. Patients with adult Refsums disease (ARD) are unable to detoxify phytanic acid by alpha-oxidation, and so the w-oxidation pathway is the only metabolic pathway available for phytanic acid degradation. This pathway produces 3-methyladipic acid as the final metabolite, which is excreted in the urine (Wanders et al. 2001). Activity of the w-oxidation pathway is approximately doubled in ARD patients compared with normal individuals (PMID: 11948235).', 'B': 'L-Acetylcarnitine (Acetylcarnitine or ALC or LAC) is an acetic acid ester of carnitine that facilitates the movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. Acetylcarnitine is an endogenous compound widely distributed in many tissues, including brain. Chemically, acetylcarnitine is the acetylated derivative of the amino acid L-carnitine whose function is generally correlated with regulation of energy metabolism within mitochondria. The synthesis of acetylcarnitine is catalyzed by the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT), which is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane as well as in endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome. CAT promotes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to carnitine, thereby producing acetylcarnitine and free CoA (PMID: 29267192). After being synthetized, acetylcarnitine is transported outside mitochondria into the cytosol by the enzyme carnitine/acetylcarnitine translocase (CACT). This is a crucial metabolic reaction for beta-oxidation of fatty acids whereby acetylcarnitine facilitates the transport of acetyl-CoA across mitochondrial membranes (PMID: 29267192).  In addition to his metabolic role, L-acetylcarnitine possesses unique neuroprotective, neuromodulatory, and neurotrophic properties. acetylcarnitine is mobile throughout the plasma membranes and can rapidly cross blood-brain barrier. Indeed, acetylcarnitine can be transported by the high-affinity sodium-dependent organic cation/transporter (OCTN2), which is functionally expressed in cells forming the blood-brain barrier (PMID: 29267192). A wide range of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the multiplicity of acetylcarnitine activities within nervous tissues. In particular, it has been demonstrated that acetylcarnitine modulates the activity of nerve growth factor (NGF) and enhances the expression of NGF receptors in striatum/hippocampus during development (PMID: 29267192).  Moreover, acetylcarnitine modulates different neurotransmitter systems, including the GABAergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic system by increasing acetyl-CoA content and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. This may play an important role in counteracting various neurodegenerative disease processes (PMID: 15363640).', 'C': '3-Methylhistidine, also known as 3-MHis or 3MH, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. 3MH is also classified as a methylamino acid. Methylamino acids are primarily proteogenic amino acids (found in proteins) which have been methylated (in situ) on their side chains by various methyltransferase enzymes. 3-Methylhistidine is also classified as a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-Amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. 3-Methylhistidine is generated from histidine residues found in proteins. Histidine can be methylated at either the N1 or N3 position of its imidazole ring, yielding the isomers 1-methylhistidine (1MH; also referred to as pi-methylhistidine) or 3-methylhistidine (3MH; tau-methylhistidine), respectively. There is considerable confusion with regard to the nomenclature of the methylated nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring of histidine and other histidine-containing peptides such as anserine. In particular, older literature (mostly prior to the year 2000) designated anserine (Npi methylated) as beta-alanyl-N1-methyl-histidine, whereas according to standard IUPAC nomenclature, anserine is correctly named as beta-alanyl-N3-methyl-histidine. As a result, many papers published prior to the year 2000 incorrectly identified 1MH as a specific marker for dietary consumption or various pathophysiological effects when they really were referring to 3MH (PMID: 24137022).  Histidine methylation on the 3- or tau site is mediated by the enzyme known as METTL18. METTL18 is a nuclear methyltransferase protein that contains a functional nuclear localization signal and accumulates in nucleoli. Urinary concentrations of 3-methylhistidine can be used as a biomarker for skeletal muscle protein breakdown in humans who have been subject to muscle injury (PMID: 16079625). 3-methylhistidine is formed by the posttranslational methylation of histidine residues of the main myofibrillar proteins actin and myosin. During protein catabolism, 3-methylhistidine is released but cannot be reutilized. Therefore, the plasma concentration and urine excretion of 3-methylhistidine are sensitive markers of myofibrillar protein degradation (PMID: 32235743). Approximately 75% of 3-methylhistidine is estimated to originate from skeletal muscle (PMID: 32235743). In addition to the degradation of muscle proteins, the 3-methylhistidine level is affected by the degradation of intestinal proteins and meat intake. 3-Methylhistidine exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, 3-methylhistidine is involved in methylhistidine metabolism. 3-Methylhistidine has been found to be associated with several diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, eosinophilic esophagitis, and kidney disease. The normal concentration of 3-methylhistidine in the urine of healthy adult humans has been detected and quantified in a range of 3.63–69.27 micromoles per millimole (umol/mmol) of creatinine, with most studies reporting the average urinary concentration between 15–20 umol/mmol of creatinine.  The average concentration of 3-methylhistidine in human blood plasma has been detected and quantified at 2.85 micromolar (uM) with a range of 0.0–5.9 uM. As a general rule, urinary 1MH is associated with white meat intake (p< 0.001), whereas urinary 3MH is associated with red meat intake (p< 0.001) (PMID: 34091671).', 'D': '1-Methylhistidine, also known as 1-MHis or 1MH, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. 1MH is also classified as a methylamino acid. Methylamino acids are primarily proteogenic amino acids (found in proteins) which have been methylated (in situ) on their side chains by various methyltransferase enzymes. Histidine can be methylated at either the N1 or N3 position of its imidazole ring, yielding the isomers 1-methylhistidine (1MH; also referred to as pi-methylhistidine) or 3-methylhistidine (3MH; tau-methylhistidine), respectively. There is considerable confusion with regard to the nomenclature of the methylated nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring of histidine and other histidine-containing peptides such as anserine. In particular, older literature (mostly prior to the year 2000) designated anserine (Npi methylated) as beta-alanyl-N1-methyl-histidine, whereas according to standard IUPAC nomenclature, anserine is correctly named as beta-alanyl-N3-methyl-histidine. As a result, many papers published prior to the year 2000 incorrectly identified 1MH as a specific marker for dietary consumption or various pathophysiological effects when they really were referring to 3MH (PMID: 24137022).  Recent discoveries have shown that 1MH is produced in essentially all mammals (and other vertebrates) via the enzyme known as METTL9 (PMID: 33563959). METTL9 is a broad-specificity methyltransferase that mediates the formation of the majority of 1MH present in mammalian proteomes. METTL9-catalyzed methylation requires a His-x-His (HxH) motif, where ""x"" is a small amino acid. This HxH motif is found in a number of abundant mammalian proteins such as ARMC6, S100A9, and NDUFB3 (PMID: 33563959). Because of its abundance in many muscle-related proteins, 1MH has been found to be a good biomarker for the consumption of meat (PMID: 21527577). Dietary studies have shown that poultry consumption (p-trend = 0.0006) and chicken consumption (p-trend = 0.0003) are associated with increased levels of 1MH in human plasma (PMID: 30018457). The consumption of fish, especially salmon and cod, has also been shown to increase the levels of 1MH in serum and urine (PMID: 31401679). As a general rule, urinary 1MH is associated with white meat intake (p< 0.001), whereas urinary 3MH is associated with red meat intake (p< 0.001) (PMID: 34091671).'}",D
"What is the description of (S)-3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid?","{'A': '1-Methylnicotinamide is a metabolite of nicotinamide and is produced primarily in the liver. It has anti-inflammatory properties (PMID 16197374). It is a product of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase [EC 2.1.1.1] in the pathway of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (KEGG). 1-Methylnicotinamide may be an endogenous activator of prostacyclin production and thus may regulate thrombotic as well as inflammatory processes in the cardiovascular system (PMID: 17641676).', 'B': 'cis-Aconitic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle produced by the dehydration of citric acid. The enzyme aconitase (aconitate hydratase; EC 4.2.1.3) catalyses the stereo-specific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.', 'C': '2-Hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid or 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid (HMVA) is an organic acid generated by L-isoleucine metabolism. It is derived from the reduction of 2-Keto-3-methylvaleric acid (KMVA), possibly through the action of a lactate dehydrogenase (PMID: 1429566). There are 4 stereoisomers of HMVA (2S,3S-HMVA, 2R,3R-HMVA, 2S,3R-HMVA and 2R,3S-HMVA), of which the 2S,3S and 2S,3R derivatives are generally separable. HMVA is found in the urine and blood of normal individuals but in very elevated levels in patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) (PMID: 1429566). Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited metabolic disease predominantly characterized by neurological dysfunction including psychomotor/delay/mental retardation.', 'D': '3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid (also known as 3,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid or 3,4-DB, or 2-deoxytetronic acid, or 2-DTA) is a normal human urinary metabolite that is excreted in increased concentration in patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency (PMID 12127325), which is a genetic disorder. SSADH deficiency is caused by an enzyme deficiency in GABA degradation. The most constant features with this disease are developmental delay, hypotonia and intellectual disability. Nearly half of SSADH patients exhibit ataxia, behavioral problems, seizures, and hyporeflexia. Normal adults excrete 0.37 +/- 0.15 (SD) mmoles of 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate per 24 hr. 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate is also detectable in blood. The renal clearance of 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate is roughly equal that of creatinine. 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid has also been found in foods and is believed to be formed via the degradation (cooking) of di- and poly-saccharides (PMID: 1167165).  3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid is believed to play a role in satiety or the feeling of fullness and suppresses food intake (PMID: 3191387; PMID: 6720928). 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid is also elevated in the serum of individuals with dementia and may even serve as a predictive biomarker for dementia (PMID: 25177334). 3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid is also a metabolite produced in Escherichia (PMID: 28342964).'}",D
What is the description of Isoursodeoxycholic acid?,"{'A': 'Isoursodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': ""4-Hydroxyproline (hydroxyproline or Hyp) is a major component of the protein collagen. Hydroxyproline is produced by hydroxylation of the amino acid proline and is, therefore, a post-translationally modified, non-essential amino acid. Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles in collagen stability. In particular, they permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. Hydroxyproline is found in few proteins other than collagen. The only other mammalian protein which includes hydroxyproline is elastin. For this reason, hydroxyproline content has been used as an indicator to determine collagen and/or gelatin amount in tissue or biological samples. Increased serum and urine levels of hydroxyproline have been found in Paget's disease (PMID: 436278). Hydroxyproline (Hyp) content in biological fluids is used as a parameter of collagen catabolism, especially bone resorption or tissue degradation. Bedridden and elderly individuals show significantly elevated serum levels of hydroxyproline in comparison to normal, active individuals (PMID: 10706420). Elevated levels of urinary hydroxyproline are also indicative of muscle damage (PMID: 21988268). Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also known to accelerate collagen degradation. Hydroxyproline levels increase in cases of depression and stress (PMID: 21483218). 4-Hydroxyproline is found to be associated with Alzheimer's disease, and also hydroxyprolinemia and iminoglycinuria which are both inborn errors of metabolism. 4-Hydroxyproline is also involved in metabolic disorders such as hyperprolinemia type I, hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (HOGA), L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency, creatine deficiency, and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency. A deficiency in ascorbic acid can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation (PubChem). trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline is a biomarker for the consumption of processed meat."", 'C': 'Uroporphyrin is the porphyrin produced by oxidation of the methylene bridges in uroporphyrinogen. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation. Excessive amounts of uroporphyrin I are excreted in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and both types I and III are excreted in porphyria cutanea tarda. Uroporphyrin I and III are the most common isomemrs. Uroporphyrin II is a rare isomer.', 'D': ""Cellobiose, also known as GLCB1-4GLCB or cellose, is a disaccharide. It is also classified as a reducing sugar. In terms of its chemical structure, it is derived from the condensation of a pair beta-glucose molecules creating a beta (1‚Üí4) bond. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as O-glycosyl compounds. These are glycosides in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. Cellobiose can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and cellulose-rich materials such as cotton, jute, or paper. Cellobiose is a plant metabolite found in flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. Cellobiose can also be found in vertebrates that have consumed plant foods. It has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as okra, common chokecherries, cherry tomatoes, and welsh onions. Cellobiose can be used as an indicator carbohydrate for Crohn's disease and malabsorption syndrome. Intestinal permeability to detect Crohn's disease and malabsorption syndrome can be measured by the sugar absorption test. This test is based on determining the ratio of the urinary excretion of a large (a disaccharide such as cellobiose) and a small carbohydrate (a monosaccharide such as lactulose or rhamnose) after oral administration. Patients with Crohn's disease or with ulcerative colitis have increased permeability indices in comparison to healthy controls (PMID: 15546811).""}",A
What is the description of Tetradecanedioic acid?,"{'A': 'Tetradecanedioic acid, also known as 1,14-tetradecanedioate or NSC 9504, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tetradecanedioic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.', 'B': 'Neuraminic acids are the commonest sialic acids in nature. Most sialic acids on gangliosides share a core neuraminic acid (Neu) structure and are N-acylated at the C-5 position with either an N-acetyl or an N-glycolyl group (giving Neu5Ac or Neu5Gc, respectively). It was originally thought that unsubstituted glycosidically linked Neu did not occur in nature. However, there have been several reports suggesting its presence in gangliosides and more recently in mucin-type glycoproteins. The N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid are collectively known as sialic acids, the predominant one being N-acetylneuraminic acid. The amino group bears either an acetyl or a glycolyl group. The hydroxyl substituents may vary considerably: acetyl, lactyl, methyl, sulfate and phosphate groups have been found. Sialic acids are found widely distributed in animal tissues. Sialic acid rich glycoproteins bind selectin in humans and other organisms. Cancer cells that can metastasize often have a lot of sialic acid rich glycoproteins. This helps these late stage cancer cells enter the blood stream. (PMID: 11884388).', 'C': '17-Hydroxypregnenolone sulfate is a precursor steroid. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone is a C21 steroid that is obtained by hydroxylation of pregnenolone at the C17 alpha position.17-Hydroxypregnenolone is considered a prohormone in the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), itself a prohormone of the sex steroids (Wikipedia).', 'D': 'Hydroxyisocaproic acid is an end product of leucine metabolism in human tissues such as muscle and connective tissue. It belongs to 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid group of amino acid metabolites (PMID 6434570). Hydroxyisocaproic acid functions as an “anti-catabolite” and is widely used in the body building community. Chronic alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid treatment of rats has been shown to improve muscle recovery after immobilization-induced atrophy (PMID: 23757407). Additionally, a 4-week hydroxyisocaproic acid supplementation of 1.5 g a day was shown to lead to increases in muscle mass during an intensive training period among soccer athletes (PMID: 20051111). Hydroxyisocaproic acid has also shown some potential as a topical antibiotic (PMID: 22483561). Elevated levels of 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid have been found in the urine of patients with dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency (PMID: 6688766). Hydroxyisocaproic acid is also elevated in maple syrup urine disease, a genetic disorder, and has been shown to accelerate lipid peroxidation. It may also be an indicator of oxidative stress (PMID: 11894849). Hydroxyisocaproic acid has been found to be a metabolite of Lactobacillus and fungal species (http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9789526211046.pdf).'}",A
What is the description of CE(16:0)?,"{'A': 'Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct therefore exist in a glycine conjugated form (PMID: 16949895). Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': 'Glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine is a Glycoside of hydroxylysine. Hydroxylation of lysine is an important post-translational modification of collagen, (PMID 10928217) a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme Lysyl hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.4) forming hydroxylysine in collagens and other proteins with collagen-like amino acid sequences, by the hydroxylation of lysine residues in X-lys-gly sequences. The hydroxylysine residues formed in the lysyl hydroxylase reaction have 2 important functions: first, their hydroxy groups serve as sites of attachment for carbohydrate units, either the monosaccharide galactose or the disaccharide glucosylgalactose; and second, they are essential for the stability of the intermolecular collagen crosslinks. (OMIM 153454). Hydroxylysine-deficient skin collagen is manifested in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type VIA, A heritable disorder of connective tissue (PMID 5016372).', 'C': 'Tetradecanedioic acid, also known as 1,14-tetradecanedioate or NSC 9504, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tetradecanedioic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.', 'D': 'CE(16:0), also known as cholesteryl palmitic acid, is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination of steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). CE(16:0) may also accumulate in hereditary hypercholesterolemia, an inborn error of metabolism. Cholesteryl palmitate is one of the four important lipids found in the tear film. Amniotic fluid cholesteryl palmitate, as measured by thin-layer chromatography, appears to be a very sensitive and specific predictor for the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns of normal pregnancies (PMID:3405552, 16922549).'}",D
What is the description of Etiocholanolone?,"{'A': 'Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (PMID: 15490415, 15129319, 14707763, 14696970, 11157473).', 'B': '3-Oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'C': 'Etiocholanolone is the 5-beta-reduced isomer of androsterone. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of testosterone and androstenedione in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the urine and is androgenically inactive. Classified a ketosteroid, it causes fever (it is a pyrogen), immunostimulation and leukocytosis. The pyrogenic effect of Etiocholanolone has been shown to be due to the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) from the leukocytes that are mobilized in response to its production or injection. Etiocholanolone has anticonvulsant activity and may be an endogenous modulator of seizure susceptibility. Significantly increased values of etiocholanolone (along with testoterone and androsterone) an be detected in the urine of men with androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness).', 'D': ""Cortexolone, also known as cortodoxone or 11-deoxycortisol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. Thus, cortexolone is considered to be a steroid molecule. Cortexolone is an endogenous glucocorticoid steroid hormone, and a metabolic intermediate in the synthesis of cortisol. It was first described by Tadeusz Reichstein in 1938 and named as Substance S. It has also been referred to as Reichstein's Substance S or Compound S. Cortexolone acts as a glucocorticoid, though it is less potent than cortisol. Cortexolone is synthesized from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by 21-hydroxylase and is converted to cortisol by 11β-hydroxylase. As a result, the level of cortexolone is often measured in patients to diagnose impaired cortisol synthesis, to identify any enzyme deficiency that may be causing impairment along the pathway to cortisol, and to differentiate adrenal disorders. Cortexolone in mammals has limited biological activity and mainly acts as metabolic intermediate within the glucocorticoid pathway, leading to cortisol. On the other hand, in sea lampreys, cortexolone is the major glucocorticoid, with mineralocorticoid activity. Cortexolone in sea lampreys binds to specific corticosteroid receptors and is involved in intestinal osmoregulation and in sea lamprey at metamorphosis, a process in which they develop seawater tolerance before downstream migration.""}",C
What is the description of Palmitic acid?,"{'A': '7-Ketodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': '4-Methylcatechol, also known as homocatechol or toluene-3,4-diol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety. Outside of the human body, 4-Methylcatechol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods such as coffee and cocoa powders and in a lower concentration in beers. 4-Methylcatechol has also been detected, but not quantified in eggplants. This could make 4-methylcatechol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Recent studies have suggested that a lack of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the limbic system may cause neuropathic pain (PMID:22198556). It is both a substrate and a suicide inhibitor of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (PMID:15006807). 4-Methylcatechol is a metabolite of homoprotocatechuic acid (PMID:4974346). 4-Methylcatechol is known to induce the production of BDNF.', 'C': 'Guanosine (G), also known as 2-amino-inosine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl sugar moiety. Guanosine consists of a guanine base attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine is a white, crystalline powder with no odor and mild saline taste. It is very soluble in acetic acid, and slightly soluble in water, but insoluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, and chloroform. Guanosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. High levels of guanosine can be found in clovers, coffee plants, and the pollen of pines. It has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as leeks, garlic, chicory roots, green bell peppers, and black-eyed peas. Guanosine plays an important role in various biochemical processes including the synthesis of nucleic acids such as RNA and intracellular signal transduction (cGMP). The antiviral drug acyclovir, often used in herpes treatment, and the anti-HIV drug abacavir, are both structurally similar to guanosine. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become guanosine monophosphate (GMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). In humans, guanosine is involved in intracellular signalling through the adenosine receptors A1R and A2AR (PMID: 31847113). Evidence from rodent and cell models has shown a number of important neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of guanosine. In particular, it is effective in preventing deleterious consequences of seizures, spinal cord injury, pain, mood disorders and aging-related diseases, such as ischemia, Parkinson‚Äôs and Alzheimer‚Äôs diseases (PMID: 27699087). Studies with rodent models of Parkinson‚Äôs disease have shown that guanosine decreases neuronal apoptotic cell death and increases dopaminergic neurons at substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by an improvement of motor symptoms in Parkinson‚Äôs disease (i.e. a reduction of bradykinesia). Guanosine promotes neurite arborization, outgrowth, proliferation and differentiation. Systemic administration of guanosine for eight weeks (8 mg/kg) has been shown to stimulate neuroprogenitors proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in a mouse model of Parkinsonism (PMID: 27699087). The effect of guanosine treatment is accompanied by an increased number of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)-positive cells which is an important regulator of neuroprogenitor/stem cell proliferation, survival and differentiation (PMID: 27699087). Guanosine prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death in hippocampal slices subjected to the oxygen/glucose deprivation (PMID: 31847113).', 'D': 'Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). Excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. As a consequence, palmitic acid is a major body component of animals. In humans, one analysis found it to make up 21–30% (molar) of human depot fat (PMID: 13756126), and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk (PMID: 352132). Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents. These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil. To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm tree (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate. Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm. The word ""napalm"" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and palmitic acid (Wikipedia). Palmitic acid is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent.'}",D
What is the description of Cytidine?,"{'A': ""Cytidine is a nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine that besides being incorporated into nucleic acids, can serve as a substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. It is a precursor of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathways. These variations probably reflect the species differences in cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that converts cytidine to uridine in the body. The transport of cytidine into the brain's extracellular fluid, and then into neurons and glia, are essential prerequisites for cytidine to be utilized in the brain. An efficient mechanism mediating the brain uptake of circulating cytidine has not yet been demonstrated. The biosynthesis of PC, the most abundant phosphatide in the brain, via the Kennedy pathway requires phosphocholine and cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a cytidine nucleotide involved in the rate-limiting step. The enzyme that converts CTP to endogenous CDP-choline (CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase) is unsaturated at physiological brain CTP levels. APOBEC is a family of enzymes that has been discovered with the ability to deaminate cytidines on RNA or DNA. The human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G protein (APOBEC3G, or hA3G), provides cells with an intracellular antiretroviral activity that is associated with the hypermutation of viral DNA through cytidine deamination. Indeed, hA3G belongs to a family of vertebrate proteins that contains one or two copies of a signature sequence motif unique to cytidine deaminases (CTDAs) (PMID: 16769123, 15780864, 16720547)."", 'B': 'Pipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF. However, it is uncertain if pipecolic acid originates directly from food intake or from mammalian or intestinal bacterial enzyme metabolism. Recent studies suggest that plasma pipecolic acid, particularly the D-isomer, originates mainly from the catabolism of dietary lysine by intestinal bacteria rather than by direct food intake. In classic Zellweger syndrome (a cerebro-hepato-renal genetic disorder, OMIM 214100) pipecolic acid accumulate in the plasma of the patients. It is known that plasma pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Pipecolic acid is moderately elevated in patients with pyridoxine-dependent seizures and might therefore be a possible biochemical marker for selecting candidates for pyridoxine therapy (Plecko et al 2000). Pipecolic acid was also elevated in CSF in these vitamin B6-responsive patients (PMID 12705501). Pipecolic acid is found to be associated with adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum disease, and peroxisomal biogenesis defect, which are also inborn errors of metabolism. Pipecolic acid is a biomarker for the consumption of dried and cooked beans.', 'C': 'Thyronine (T0) is a de-iodinated form of thyroxine. Thyronine are a group of metabolites derived from thyroxine and triiodothyronine via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms. Thyronine (T0) has been identified in human urine. In 22 normal individuals urinary thyronine concentrations were found to range between 8-25 nmol‚ÅÑ24h (PMID: 479355). Thyronine is thought to be a byproduct of thyroxine metabolism and arises through the action of thyroxine deiodinases.', 'D': '3-Oxocholic acid, also known as 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid, is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. 3-Oxocholic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic.'}",A
What is the description of D-Glucuronic acid?,"{'A': 'Tryptophan (Trp) or L-tryptophan is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-tryptophan is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH) aromatic amino acid.  Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet.  The requirement for tryptophan and protein decreases with age. The minimum daily requirement for adults is 3 mg/kg/day or about 200 mg a day. There is 400 mg of tryptophan in a cup of wheat germ. A cup of low-fat cottage cheese contains 300 mg of tryptophan and chicken and turkey contain up to 600 mg of tryptophan per pound (http://www.dcnutrition.com). Tryptophan is particularly plentiful in chocolate, oats, dried dates, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, red meat, eggs, fish, poultry, sesame, chickpeas, almonds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, buckwheat, spirulina, and peanuts. Tryptophan is the precursor of both serotonin and melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals, which regulates sleep and wakefulness. Serotonin is a brain neurotransmitter, platelet clotting factor, and neurohormone found in organs throughout the body. Metabolism of tryptophan into serotonin requires nutrients such as vitamin B6, niacin, and glutathione. Niacin (also known as vitamin B3) is an important metabolite of tryptophan. It is synthesized via kynurenine and quinolinic acids, which are products of tryptophan degradation. There are a number of conditions or diseases that are characterized by tryptophan deficiencies. For instance, fructose malabsorption causes improper absorption of tryptophan in the intestine, which reduces levels of tryptophan in the blood and leads to depression. High corn diets or other tryptophan-deficient diets can cause pellagra, which is a niacin-tryptophan deficiency disease with symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Hartnup\'s disease is a disorder in which tryptophan and other amino acids are not absorbed properly. Symptoms of Hartnup\'s disease include skin rashes, difficulty coordinating movements (cerebellar ataxia), and psychiatric symptoms such as depression or psychosis. Tryptophan supplements may be useful for treating Hartnup\'s disease. Assessment of tryptophan deficiency is done through studying excretion of tryptophan metabolites in the urine or blood. Blood may be the most sensitive test because the amino acid tryptophan is transported in a unique way. Increased urination of tryptophan breakdown products (such as kynurenine) correlates with increased tryptophan degradation, which occurs with oral contraception, depression, mental retardation, hypertension, and anxiety states. Tryptophan plays a role in ""feast-induced"" drowsiness. Ingestion of a meal rich in carbohydrates triggers the release of insulin. Insulin, in turn, stimulates the uptake of large neutral branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) into muscle, increasing the ratio of tryptophan to BCAA in the bloodstream. The increased tryptophan ratio reduces competition at the large neutral amino acid transporter (which transports both BCAAs and tryptophan), resulting in greater uptake of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Once in the CSF, tryptophan is converted into serotonin and the resulting serotonin is further metabolized into melatonin by the pineal gland, which promotes sleep. Because tryptophan is converted into 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) which is then converted into the neurotransmitter serotonin, it has been proposed that consumption of tryptophan or 5-HTP may improve depression symptoms by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain. Tryptophan is sold over the counter in the United States (after being banned to varying extents between 1989 and 2005) and the United Kingdom as a dietary supplement for use as an antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sleep aid. It is also marketed as a prescription drug in some European countries for the treatment of major depression. There is evidence that blood tryptophan levels are unlikely to be altered by changing the diet, but consuming purified tryptophan increases the serotonin level in the brain, whereas eating foods containing tryptophan does not. This is because the transport system that brings tryptophan across the blood–brain barrier also transports other amino acids which are contained in protein food sources. Under certain situations, tryptophan can be a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that causes damage to the brain and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of tryptophan can be found in glutaric aciduria type I (glutaric acidemia type I or GA1). GA1 is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH). Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e.g. glutaric acid, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs), but particularly the basal ganglia. Babies with glutaric acidemia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly). Other symptoms include spasticity (increased muscle tone/stiffness) and dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions resulting in abnormal movement or posture), but many affected individuals are asymptomatic. High levels of tryptophan have also been implicated in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), an incurable and sometimes fatal flu-like neurological condition linked to the ingestion of large amounts of L-tryptophan. The risk of developing EMS increases with larger doses of tryptophan and increasing age. Some research suggests that certain genetic polymorphisms may be related to the development of EMS. The presence of eosinophilia is a core feature of EMS, along with unusually severe myalgia (muscle pain). It is thought that both tryptophan and certain unidentified tryptophan contaminants may contribute to EMS (PMID: 1763543 ). It has also been suggested that excessive tryptophan or elevation of its metabolites could play a role in amplifying some of the pathological features of EMS (PMID: 10721094 ). This pathological damage is further augmented by metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (a tryptophan degradation pathway).', 'B': 'The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.', 'C': ""Undecanedioic acid has been found in parts of human aortas with advanced atherosclerotic lesions associated with intercellular matrix macromolecules and specifically with elastin, and may be the result of an increased hydrolysis of esters and (or) a decreased esterification. (PMID:131675). Undecanedioic acid has been found (among other unusual dicarboxylic acids) in the urine from patients under hopantenate therapy during episodes of Reye's-like syndrome. (PMID:2331533)."", 'D': 'Glucuronic acid (CAS: 6556-12-3) is a carboxylic acid that has the structure of a glucose molecule that has had its sixth carbon atom (of six total) oxidized. The salts of glucuronic acid are known as glucuronates. Glucuronic acid is highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid is often linked to toxic or poisonous substances to allow for subsequent elimination, and to hormones to allow for easier transport. These linkages involve O-glycosidic bonds. The process is known as glucuronidation, and the resulting substances are known as glucuronides (or glucuronosides). Glucuronidation uses UDP-glucuronic acid (glucuronic acid linked via a glycosidic bond to uridine diphosphate) as an intermediate. UDP-glucuronic acid is formed in the liver of all animals.'}",D
What is the description of Isohomovanillic acid?,"{'A': '2-Ketobutyric acid, also known as alpha-ketobutyrate or 2-oxobutyrate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. 2-Ketobutyric acid is a substance that is involved in the metabolism of many amino acids (glycine, methionine, valine, leucine, serine, threonine, isoleucine) as well as propanoate metabolism and C-5 branched dibasic acid metabolism. It is also one of the degradation products of threonine. It can be converted into propionyl-CoA (and subsequently methylmalonyl CoA, which can be converted into succinyl CoA, a citric acid cycle intermediate), and thus enter the citric acid cycle. More specifically, 2-ketobutyric acid is a product of the lysis of cystathionine.', 'B': 'Isoferulic acid (CAS: 537-73-5) is a chlorogenic acid (CGA). CGAs are formed by the esterification of hydroxycinnamic acids (e.g. caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid) with quinic acid. CGAs are abundant phenolic compounds in coffee, with caffeoylquinic (CQA), feruloylquinic (FQA), and dicaffeoylquinic (diCQA) acids being the major subclasses, and coffee is the most consumed food product in the world. Isoferulic acid is present in normal human urine in concentrations of 0.05-2.07 umol/mmol creatinine at baseline, and reaches 0.2-9.6 umol/mmol creatinine in four hours after a cup of coffee, with a large inter-individual variation (PMID:17884997).', 'C': 'Isohomovanillic acid is a deaminated metabolite of catecholamines formed by the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; EC 2.1.1.6) which catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to catecholamines, including the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. This O-methylation results in one of the major degradative pathways of the catecholamine transmitters. (OMIM 116790).', 'D': '2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 2-methylbutanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy.\xa0 This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine is therefore classified as a short chain AC. As a short-chain acylcarnitine 2-methylbutyroylcarnitine is a member of the most abundant group of carnitines in the body, comprising more than 50% of all acylcarnitines quantified in tissues and biofluids (PMID: 31920980). Some short-chain carnitines have been studied as supplements or treatments for a number of diseases, including neurological disorders and inborn errors of metabolism. In particular 2-methylbutyroylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with exudative age-related macular degeneration (PMID: 32120889), type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (PMID: 31782507, PMID: 20111019), obesity (PMID: 20111019), acute cerebral infarction (PMID: 29265114), diastolic heart failure (PMID: 26010610), systolic heart failure (PMID: 26010610). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with pregnancy (PMID: 24704061 - in serum of pregnant women with fetus with CHD). Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT, EC:2.3.1.7) is responsible for the synthesis of all short-chain and short branched-chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 23485643). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].'}",C
What is the description of Fructose 6-phosphate?,"{'A': 'cis-Aconitic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle produced by the dehydration of citric acid. The enzyme aconitase (aconitate hydratase; EC 4.2.1.3) catalyses the stereo-specific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.', 'B': 'Fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. F6P is a derivative of fructose, which has been phosphorylated at the 6-hydroxy group. Fructose 6-phosphate is a fundamental metabolite and exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The great majority of glucose is converted to fructose 6-phosphate as part of the glycolytic metabolic pathway (glycolysis). Specifically, F6P is produce is produced by the isomerisation of glucose 6-phosphate via the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase. F6P is in turn further phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1. Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvic acid. The free energy released in this process is used to form ATP and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). In addition to its key involvement in glycolysis, fructose 6-phosphate can also be biosynthesized from glucosamine 6-phosphate via the enzyme glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 1. In addition, fructose 6-phosphate and L-glutamine can be converted into glucosamine 6-phosphate and L-glutamic acid through the action of the enzyme glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase.', 'C': 'myo-Inositol is an inositol isoform. Inositol is a derivative of cyclohexane with six hydroxyl groups, making it a polyol. It also is known as a sugar alcohol, having exactly the same molecular formula as glucose or other hexoses. Inositol exists in nine possible stereoisomers, of which cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol, or myo-inositol is the most widely occurring form in nature. The other known inositols include scyllo-inositol, muco-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, L-chiro-inositol, neo-inositol, allo-inositol, epi-inositol and cis-inositol. myo-Inositol is found naturally in many foods (particularly in cereals with high bran content) and can be used as a sweetner as it has half the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar). myo-Inositol was once considered a member of the vitamin B complex and given the name: vitamin B8. However, because it is produced by the human body from glucose, it is not an essential nutrient, and therefore cannot be called a vitamin. myo-Inositol is a precursor molecule for a number of secondary messengers including various inositol phosphates. In addition, inositol/myo-inositol is an important component of the lipids known as phosphatidylinositol (PI) phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). myo-Inositol is synthesized from glucose, via glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) in two steps. First, G-6-P is isomerised by an inositol-3-phosphate synthase enzyme to myo-inositol 1-phosphate, which is then dephosphorylated by an inositol monophosphatase enzyme to give free myo-inositol. In humans, myo-inositol is primarily synthesized in the kidneys at a rate of a few grams per day. myo-Inositol can be used in the management of preterm babies who have or are at a risk of infant respiratory distress syndrome. It is also used as a treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It works by increasing insulin sensitivity, which helps to improve ovarian function and reduce hyperandrogenism. Reduced levels of myo-inositol have been found in the spinal fluid of depressed patients and levels are significantly reduced in brain samples of suicide victims.', 'D': '5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity.'}",B
What is the description of Deuteroporphyrin IX?,"{'A': 'Serine (Ser) or L-serine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-serine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Serine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals.  It is classified as a polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans, serine is a nonessential amino acid that can be easily derived from glycine. A non-essential amino acid is an amino acid that can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates in humans and is not required in the diet. Like all the amino acid building blocks of protein and peptides, serine can become essential under certain conditions, and is thus important in maintaining health and preventing disease. L-Serine may be derived from four possible sources: dietary intake; biosynthesis from the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate; from glycine; and by protein and phospholipid degradation. Little data is available on the relative contributions of each of these four sources of l-serine to serine homoeostasis. It is very likely that the predominant source of l-serine will be very different in different tissues and during different stages of human development. In the biosynthetic pathway, the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into phosphohydroxypyruvate, in a reaction catalyzed by 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3- PGDH; EC 1.1.1.95). Phosphohydroxypyruvate is metabolized to phosphoserine by phosphohydroxypyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.52) and, finally, phosphoserine is converted into l-serine by phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP; EC 3.1.3.3). In liver tissue, the serine biosynthetic pathway is regulated in response to dietary and hormonal changes. Of the three synthetic enzymes, the properties of 3-PGDH and PSP are the best documented. Hormonal factors such as glucagon and corticosteroids also influence 3-PGDH and PSP activities in interactions dependent upon the diet. L-serine is the predominant source of one-carbon groups for the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and deoxythymidine monophosphate. It has long been recognized that, in cell cultures, L-serine is a conditional essential amino acid, because it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities to meet the cellular demands for its utilization. In recent years, L-serine and the products of its metabolism have been recognized not only to be essential for cell proliferation, but also to be necessary for specific functions in the central nervous system. The findings of altered levels of serine and glycine in patients with psychiatric disorders and the severe neurological abnormalities in patients with defects of L-serine synthesis underscore the importance of L-serine in brain development and function. (PMID 12534373).', 'B': ""Protoporphyrins are tetrapyrroles containing 4 methyl, 2 propionic, and 2 vinyl side chains. Protoporphyrin is produced by oxidation of the methylene bridge of protoporphyrinogen. Protoporphyrin IX is the only naturally occurring isomer; it is an intermediate in heme biosynthesis, combining with ferrous iron to form protoheme IX, the heme prosthetic group of hemoglobin. Protoporphyrin IX is created by the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase. The enzyme ferrochelatase converts it into heme. Protoporphyrin IX naturally occurs in small amounts in feces. Protoporphyrin IX is also responsible for the brown pigment (ooporphyrin) of birds' eggs. Protoporphyrin IX is used as a branch point in the biosynthetic pathway leading to heme (by insertion of iron) and chlorophylls (by insertion of Mg and further side-chain transformation). Protoporphyrin IX can be used to treat liver disorders, mainly as the sodium salt. Under certain conditions, protoporphyrin IX can act as a neurotoxin, a phototoxin, and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A phototoxin causes cell damage upon exposure to light. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of porphyrins are associated with porphyrias such as porphyria variegate, acute intermittent porphyria, and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). In particular, it is accumulated and excreted excessively in the feces in acute intermittent porphyria, protoporphyria, and variegate porphyria. There are several types of porphyrias (most are inherited). Hepatic porphyrias are characterized by acute neurological attacks (seizures, psychosis, extreme back and abdominal pain, and an acute polyneuropathy), while the erythropoietic forms present with skin problems (usually a light-sensitive blistering rash and increased hair growth). The neurotoxicity of porphyrins may be due to their selective interactions with tubulin, which disrupt microtubule formation and cause neural malformations (PMID: 3441503)."", 'C': 'Deuteroporphyrin IX is a non-natural dicarboxylic porphyrin. Deuteroporphyrins are porphyrins with four methyl and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Deuteroporphyrin IX is described as a fecal porphyrin in patients with endemic chronic arsenic poisoning. (Environmental Sciences (Tokyo, Japan) (2001), 8(6), 561-570.). Excess accumulation of the biosynthetic intermediate protoporphyrin can lead to extensive tissue damage upon exposure to light since protoporpyhyrin is a potent photosensitizing agent, giving rise to membrane-destroying oxygen radicals or singlet oxygen. For instance, in the human porphyria disease porphyria variegata, a genetic deficiency in a heme biosynthetic enzyme, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, leads to protoporphyrin accumulation and lightdependent skin photosensitivity. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of glutathione (GSH) could oxidize the non-natural porphyrin deuteroporphyrin IX, which is closely related to protoporphyrin IX. The product is a unique green chlorin. One of the pyrrole rings had been modified by addition of an hydroxy and an oxo group, thus giving the characteristic reduced pyrrole ring of the chlorine. Of most importance for human medicine, peroxidative enzymes present in mammalian cells can also carry out these GSH-dependent oxidative conversions of protoporphyrin and deuteroporphyrin. (PMID: 10334939).', 'D': 'Methylglutaric acid is a leucine metabolite. A large amount of methylglutaric acid is identified in urine of patients with deficiency of 3-methylglutaconyl coenzyme A hydratase (PMID 6181239). Methylglutaric acid is also found to be associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, another inborn error of metabolism.'}",C
What is the description of Chondroitin?,"{'A': 'Chondroitin, without the ""sulfate"", has been used to describe a fraction of chondroitin sulfate with little or no sulfation. However, this distinction is not universally used (Wikipedia). Chondroitin is a mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. Chondrin is a gelatin-like protein-carbohydrate substance that can be obtained by boiling cartilage in water. Cartilage is a connective tissue that contains cells embedded in a matrix of chondrin. Chondroitin is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetyl-galactosamine and glucuronic acid). It is usually found attached to proteins as part of a proteoglycan. A chondroitin chain can have over 100 individual sugars, each of which can be sulfated in variable positions and quantities. Chondroitin\'s functions largely depend on the properties of the overall proteoglycan of which it is a part. These functions can be broadly divided into structural and regulatory roles. However, this division is not absolute and some proteoglycans have both structural and regulatory roles. Chondroitin is an ingredient found commonly in dietary supplements used as an alternative medicine to treat osteoarthritis. It is commonly sold together with glucosamine. The dosage of oral chondroitin used in human clinical trials is 800-1200 mg per day. Most chondroitin appears to be made from extracts of cartilaginous cow and pig tissues (cow trachea and pig ear and nose), but other sources such as shark, fish and bird cartilage are also used. Since chondroitin is not a uniform substance, and is naturally present in a wide variety of forms, the precise composition of each supplement will vary. While it is a prescription or over-the-counter drug in 22 countries, chondroitin is regulated in the U.S. as a food product by the Food and Drug Administration. As a result, there are no mandatory standards for formulation, and no guarantee that the product is correctly labelled.', 'B': ""Lysine (Lys), also known as L-lysine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Lysine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Lysine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals.  It is classified as an aliphatic, positively charged or basic amino acid. In humans, lysine is an essential amino acid, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet.  Lysine is high in foods such as wheat germ, cottage cheese and chicken. Of meat products, wild game and pork have the highest concentration of lysine. Fruits and vegetables contain little lysine, except avocados. Normal requirements for lysine have been found to be about 8 g per day or 12 mg/kg in adults. Children and infants need more, 44 mg/kg per day for an eleven to-twelve-year old, and 97 mg/kg per day for three-to six-month old. In organisms that synthesise lysine, it has two main biosynthetic pathways, the diaminopimelate and α-aminoadipate pathways, which employ distinct enzymes and substrates and are found in diverse organisms. Lysine catabolism occurs through one of several pathways, the most common of which is the saccharopine pathway. Lysine plays several roles in humans, most importantly proteinogenesis, but also in the crosslinking of collagen polypeptides, uptake of essential mineral nutrients, and in the production of carnitine, which is key in fatty acid metabolism. Lysine is also often involved in histone modifications, and thus, impacts the epigenome. Lysine is highly concentrated in muscle compared to most other amino acids. Normal lysine metabolism is dependent upon many nutrients including niacin, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin C, glutamic acid and iron. Excess arginine antagonizes lysine. Several inborn errors of lysine metabolism are known, such as cystinuria, hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I, lysinuric protein intolerance, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia I. Most are marked by mental retardation with occasional diverse symptoms such as absence of secondary sex characteristics, undescended testes, abnormal facial structure, anemia, obesity, enlarged liver and spleen, and eye muscle imbalance. Lysine also may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of osteoporosis. Although high protein diets result in loss of large amounts of calcium in urine, so does lysine deficiency. Lysine may be an adjunct therapy because it reduces calcium losses in urine. Lysine deficiency also may result in immunodeficiency. Requirements for lysine are probably increased by stress. Lysine toxicity has not occurred with oral doses in humans. Lysine dosages are presently too small and may fail to reach the concentrations necessary to prove potential therapeutic applications. Lysine metabolites, amino caproic acid and carnitine have already shown their therapeutic potential. Thirty grams daily of amino caproic acid has been used as an initial daily dose in treating blood clotting disorders, indicating that the proper doses of lysine, its precursor, have yet to be used in medicine. Low lysine levels have been found in patients with Parkinson's, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, asthma and depression. The exact significance of these levels is unclear, yet lysine therapy can normalize the level and has been associated with improvement of some patients with these conditions. Abnormally elevated hydroxylysines have been found in virtually all chronic degenerative diseases and those treated with coumadin therapy. The levels of this stress marker may be improved by high doses of vitamin C. Lysine is particularly useful in therapy for marasmus (wasting) (http://www.dcnutrition.com). Lysine has also been shown to play a role in anaemia, as lysine is suspected to have an effect on the uptake of iron and, subsequently, the concentration of ferritin in blood plasma."", 'C': '1-Methylnicotinamide is a metabolite of nicotinamide and is produced primarily in the liver. It has anti-inflammatory properties (PMID 16197374). It is a product of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase [EC 2.1.1.1] in the pathway of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (KEGG). 1-Methylnicotinamide may be an endogenous activator of prostacyclin production and thus may regulate thrombotic as well as inflammatory processes in the cardiovascular system (PMID: 17641676).', 'D': 'D-Biopterin is a pterin which is a chemical compound composed of a pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring. The level of biopterin decreases in the urine of patients with guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I. (PMID 10770663).'}",A
What is the description of Isopropyl alcohol?,"{'A': 'Xanthurenic acid, also known as xanthurenate or 8-hydroxykynurenic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as quinoline carboxylic acids. Quinoline carboxylic acids are quinolines in which the quinoline ring system is substituted by a carboxyl group at one or more positions. Xanthurenic acid is slightly soluble (in water). Xanthurenic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human epidermis tissue. Within the cell, xanthurenic acid is primarily located in the membrane. Xanthurenic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, xanthurenic acid is involved in the tryptophan metabolism. Moreover, xanthurenic acid is found to be associated with citrullinemia type I, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Xanthurenic acid is a metabolite from tryptophan catabolism. It is a substrate of the enzyme methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-) in pathway tryptophan metabolism (KEGG).', 'B': '3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid (KDN) is a sialic acid (Sia) that is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates during normal development and tumorigenesis. Its expression is thought to be regulated by multiple biosynthetic steps catalyzed by several enzymes, including CMP-Sia synthetase. (PMID 11479279) Sialic acids are frequently the terminal sugars on secreted and cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids, and their presence can have considerable influence on the biological properties of a cell. For example, the temporal appearance and disappearance of polysialic polymers has been intimately linked with the proper development of neural tissues during embryogenesis. In pathogenic diseases, including meningitis and gastric inflammation, particular microbes recognize cell surface sialic acids when invading host cells. Sialic acid residues can also mask recognition sites such as galactose residues on glycoproteins to prevent their in vivo removal by asialoglycoprotein receptors. In certain cancers, changes in sialic acid amounts, types, and linkages have been associated with tumorogenesis and cancer metastasis. (PMID 10749855).', 'C': 'Allopurinol is an analog of the natural purines in the body, and is quickly metabolized to oxypurines which is also a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Allopurinol is a white, powdery drug used to treat gout. Its use in the United States was started in 1964. It is an isomer of hypoxanthine and inhibits the production of uric acid, the metabolite responsible for gout, by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase. The side effects of high levels of precursors are usually minor. A small percentage of people develop a rash and must discontinue this drug. The most serious adverse event is a hypersensitivity syndrome consisting of fever, skin rash, eosinophilia, hepatitis, and worsening renal function. In some cases, allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome.', 'D': ""Isopropyl alcohol, also known as isopropanol or 1-methylethanol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl). It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Isopropyl alcohol exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Isopropyl alcohol is an alcohol, bitter, and musty tasting compound. Isopropyl alcohol has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as papaya, roselles, apples, sweet cherries, and allium (onion). Isopropyl alcohol is an isomer of 1-propanol and is considered as a potentially toxic compound. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties.""}",D
What is the description of L-Cysteine?,"{'A': ""Cysteine (Cys), also known as L-cysteine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-alanine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Cysteine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals.  It is classified as an aliphatic, non-polar, sulfur-containing amino acid. Cysteine is an important source of sulfur in human metabolism, and although it is classified as a non-essential amino acid, cysteine may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic disease or who suffer from malabsorption syndromes. Cysteine can occasionally be considered as an essential or conditionally essential amino acid. Cysteine is unique amongst the twenty natural amino acids as it contains a thiol group. Thiol groups can undergo oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions; when cysteine is oxidized it can form cystine, which is two cysteine residues joined by a disulfide bond. This reaction is reversible since the reduction of this disulphide bond regenerates two cysteine molecules. The disulphide bonds of cystine are crucial to defining the structures of many proteins. Cysteine is often involved in electron-transfer reactions, and help the enzyme catalyze its reaction. Cysteine is also part of the antioxidant glutathione. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a form of cysteine where an acetyl group is attached to cysteine's nitrogen atom and is sold as a dietary supplement. Cysteine is named after cystine, which comes from the Greek word kustis meaning bladder (cystine was first isolated from kidney stones). Oxidation of cysteine can produce a disulfide bond with another thiol and further oxidation can produce sulphfinic or sulfonic acids. The cysteine thiol group is also a nucleophile and can undergo addition and substitution reactions. Thiol groups become much more reactive when they are ionized, and cysteine residues in proteins have pKa values close to neutrality, so they are often in their reactive thiolate form in the cell. The thiol group also has a high affinity for heavy metals and proteins containing cysteine will bind metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium tightly. Due to this ability to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine is important in energy metabolism. As cystine, it is a structural component of many tissues and hormones. Cysteine has clinical uses ranging from treating baldness to psoriasis to preventing smoker's hack. In some cases, oral cysteine therapy has proved excellent for treatment of asthmatics, enabling them to stop theophylline and other medications. Cysteine also enhances the effect of topically applied silver, tin, and zinc salts in preventing dental cavities. In the future, cysteine may play a role in the treatment of cobalt toxicity, diabetes, psychosis, cancer, and seizures (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/). Cysteine has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821)."", 'B': 'N-Acetyl-L-Aspartic acid (NAA) or N-Acetylaspartic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-alpha-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-aspartic acid. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618).  About 85% of all human proteins and 68% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468).  These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid.  N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylaspartate can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free aspartic acid can also occur. In particular, N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid can be synthesized in neurons from the amino acid aspartate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). Specifically, the enzyme known as aspartate N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.17) catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to the amino group of aspartate. N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid is the second most concentrated molecule in the brain after the amino acid glutamate. The various functions served by N-acetylaspartic acid are still under investigation, but the primary proposed functions include (1) acting as a neuronal osmolyte that is involved in fluid balance in the brain, (2) serving as a source of acetate for lipid and myelin synthesis in oligodendrocytes (the glial cells that myelinate neuronal axons), (3) serving as a precursor for the synthesis of the important dipeptide neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), and (4) playing a potential role in energy production from the amino acid glutamate in neuronal mitochondria. High neurotransmitter (i.e. N-acetylaspartic acid) levels can lead to abnormal neural signaling, delayed or arrested intellectual development, and difficulties with general motor skills. When present in sufficiently high levels, N-acetylaspartic acid can be a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural tissue. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of N-acetylaspartic acid are associated with Canavan disease. Because N-acetylaspartic acid functions as an organic acid and high levels of organic acids can lead to a condition known as acidosis. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. Infants with acidosis have symptoms that include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and flapping tremors.  Many N-acetylamino acids, including N-acetylaspartic acid, are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986; PMID: 20613759). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557).', 'C': 'Ureidopropionic acid, also known as 3-ureidopropanoate or N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ureas. Ureas are compounds containing two amine groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group. Ureidopropionic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of uracil. More specifically, it is a breakdown product of dihydrouracil and is produced by the enzyme dihydropyrimidase. It is further decomposed into beta-alanine via the enzyme beta-ureidopropionase. Ureidopropionic acid is essentially a urea derivative of beta-alanine. High levels of ureidopropionic acid are found in individuals with beta-ureidopropionase (UP) deficiency (PMID: 11675655). Enzyme deficiencies in pyrimidine metabolism are associated with a risk for severe toxicity against the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Ureidopropionic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as gram beans, broccoli, climbing beans, oriental wheat, and mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine). This could make ureidopropionic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.', 'D': 'Pterin is a chemical compound composed of a pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring; the pyrimidine ring has a carbonyl oxygen and an amino group. Several tautomers of pterin exist and are shown below. Pterin belongs to the pteridine family of heterocycles. -- Wikipedia.'}",A
What is the description of Cinnamic acid?,"{'A': 'Deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate, or or Deoxyglycocholic acid or Deoxygcholylglycine is a bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine. It usually exists as the sodium salt. Deoxygcholylglycine is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct therefore exist in a glycine conjugated form (PMID: 16949895). As a bile acid Deoxyglycocholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, and depends only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Deoxyglycocholic acid is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.', 'B': 'Epitestosterone, or isotestosterone, also known as 17alpha-testosterone or as androst-4-en-17alpha-ol-3-one belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. Epitestosterone is an endogenous steroid and a C-17 epimer of the androgen sex hormone testosterone. It is a weak competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) and a potent 5alpha-reductase inhibitor. Structurally, epitestosterone differs from testosterone only in the configuration at the hydroxy-bearing carbon, C17. Epitestosterone is believed to form in a similar way to testosterone with 50% of epitestosterone production in human males taking place in the testis. Epitestosterone levels are typically highest in young males; however, by adulthood, most healthy males exhibit a testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E ratio) of about 1:1 (PMID: 11901061). A study of Australian athletes found that the mean T/E ratio in the study was 1.15:1. Another study found that the max T/E ratio for the 95th percentile of athletes was 3.71:1, and the max T/E ratio for the 99th percentile was 5.25:1. Epitestosterone has not been shown to enhance athletic performance, although administration of epistestosterone can be used to mask a high level of testosterone if the standard T/E ratio test is used. As such, epitestosterone is banned by many sporting authorities as a masking agent for testosterone. Interestingly, small amounts of ethanol can elevate T/E values, with women being more susceptible (PMID: 28671321).', 'C': ""Thiamine, also known as aneurin or vitamin B1, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thiamines. Thiamines are compounds containing a thiamine moiety, which is structurally characterized by a 3-[(4-Amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl backbone. Thiamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans.  Thiamine biosynthesis occurs in bacteria, some protozoans, plants, and fungi. Thiamine is a vitamin and an essential nutrient meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered in 1897 by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine was the first B vitamin to be isolated in 1926 and was first made in 1936. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue. Thiamine has antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Natural derivatives of thiamine, such as thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), also sometimes called thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP), and adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), act as coenzymes in addition to performing unique biological functions. Thiamine deficiency can lead to beriberi, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, optic neuropathy, Leigh's disease, African seasonal ataxia (or Nigerian seasonal ataxia), and central pontine myelinolysis. In Western countries, thiamine deficiency is seen mainly in chronic alcoholism. Thiamine supplements or thiamine therapy can be used for the treatment of a number of disorders including thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakov's alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis. In humans, thiamine is involved in the metabolic disorder called 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Outside of the human body, Thiamine is found in high quantities in whole grains, legumes, pork, fruits, and yeast and fish. Grain processing removes much of the thiamine content in grains, so in many countries cereals and flours are enriched with thiamine."", 'D': 'Cinnamic acid, also known as (Z)-cinnamate or 3-phenyl-acrylate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cinnamic acids. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene and a carboxylic acid group forming 3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid. Cinnamic acid can be obtained from oil of cinnamon, or from balsams such as storax. Cinnamic acid is a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Cinnamic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Outside of the human body, cinnamic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, chinese cinnamons. In plants, cinnamic acid is a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of myriad natural products include lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, aurones, stilbenes, catechin, and phenylpropanoids.'}",D
"What is the description of 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Coproporphyrin III is a porphyrin metabolite arising from heme synthesis. Porphyrins are pigments found in both animal and plant life. Coproporphyrin III is a tetrapyrrole dead-end product from the spontaneous oxidation of the methylene bridges of coproporphynogen, arising from heme synthesis and secreted in feces and urine. Increased levels of coproporphyrins can indicate congenital erythropoietic porphyria or sideroblastic anaemia, which are inherited disorders. Porphyria is a pathological state characterised by abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism and results in the excretion of large quantities of porphyrins in the urine and in extreme sensitivity to light. A large number of factors are capable of increasing porphyrin excretion, owing to different and multiple causes and etiologies: 1) the main site of the chronic hepatic porphyria disease process concentrates on the liver, 2) a functional and morphologic liver injury is almost regularly associated with this chronic porphyria, 3) the toxic form due to occupational and environmental exposure takes mainly a subclinical course. Hepatic factors includes disturbance in coproporphyrinogen metabolism, which results from inhibition of coproporphyrinogen oxidase as well as from the rapid loss from, and diminished utilization of coproporphyrinogen in the hepatocytes, which may also explain why coproporphyrin, its autoxidation product, predominates physiologically in the urine; decreased biliary excretion of coproporphyrin leading to a compensatory urinary excretion, so that the coproporphyrin ring isomer ratio (1:III) becomes a sensitive index for impaired liver function and intrahepatic cholestasis; and disturbed activity of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. In itself, secondary coproporphyrinuria is not associated with porphyria symptoms of a hepatologic-gastroenterologic, neurologic, or dermatologic order, even though coproporphyrinuria can occur with such symptoms. (PMID: 3327428).', 'B': '3alpha,7alpha,12beta-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid, also known as lagocholic acid, is a bile acid. Bile acids with beta-hydroxyl and carbonyl groups at the C-3,7, and/or 12 positions are bile acids usually found in the urine of healthy humans (PMID: 8743575). Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'C': 'NAD (or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. The reducing potential stored in NADH can be either converted into ATP through the electron transport chain or used for anabolic metabolism. ATP ""energy"" is necessary for an organism to live. Green plants obtain ATP through photosynthesis, while other organisms obtain it via cellular respiration (Wikipedia). NAD is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5\'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5\'-phosphate by a pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) (Dorland, 27th ed).', 'D': ""Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron makes up 5% of the Earth's crust and is second in abundance to aluminium among the metals and fourth in abundance among the elements. Physiologically, it. exists as an ion in the body. Iron (as Fe2+, ferrous ion) is a necessary trace element used by all known living organisms. Iron-containing enzymes, usually containing heme prosthetic groups, participate in catalysis of oxidation reactions in biology, and in transport of a number of soluble gases. Iron is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, cytochrome, and other components of respiratory enzyme systems. Its chief functions are in the transport of oxygen to tissue (hemoglobin) and in cellular oxidation mechanisms. Inorganic iron involved in redox reactions is also found in the iron-sulfur clusters of many enzymes, such as nitrogenase (involved in the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen) and hydrogenase. A class of non-heme iron proteins is responsible for a wide range of functions such as ribonucleotide reductase (reduces ribose to deoxyribose; DNA biosynthesis) and purple acid phosphatase (hydrolysis of phosphate esters). When the body is fighting a bacterial infection, the body sequesters iron inside of cells (mostly stored in the storage molecule ferritin) so that it cannot be used by bacteria. Depletion of iron stores may result in iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is used to build up the blood in anemia. Humans experience iron toxicity above 20 milligrams of iron for every kilogram of weight, and 60 milligrams per kilogram is a lethal dose. Over-consumption of iron, often the result of children eating large quantities of ferrous sulfate tablets intended for adult consumption, is the most common toxicological cause of death in children under six. The DRI lists the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults as 45 mg/day. For children under fourteen years old the UL is 40 mg/day. Iron is a metal extracted from iron ore, and is almost never found in the free elemental state.""}",B
What is the description of 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone?,"{'A': '17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a 21-carbon steroid that is converted from pregnenolone by cytochrome P450 17alpha hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase (CYP17, EC 1.14.99.9). 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and the adrenal corticosteroids. The first, rate-limiting and hormonally regulated step in the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones is the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. The conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone is accomplished by the cleavage of the cholesterol side chain, catalyzed by a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme termed P450scc where scc designates Side Chain Cleavage. All steroid hormones are made from the pregnenolone produced by P450scc; thus, the presence or absence of each of the activities of CYP17 directs this pregnenolone towards its final metabolic pathway. While all cytochrome P450 enzymes can catalyze multiple reactions on a single active site, CYP17 is the only one described to date in which these multiple activities are differentially regulated by a physiologic process. 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is converted to dehydroepiandrosterone by the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17. The ratio of the 17,20 lyase to 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity of CYP17 determines the ratio of C21 to C19 steroids produced. This ratio is regulated post-translationally by at least three factors: the abundance of the electron-donating protein P450 oxidoreductase, the presence of cytochrome b5, and the serine phosphorylation of CYP17. (PMID: 12573809).', 'B': 'Histamine is an amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. Histamine can be found in Photobacterium phosphoreum and Lactobacillus (PMID:17066936). Histamine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-arylethylamines. These are primary amines that have the general formula RCCNH2, where R is an organic group. High amounts of histamine have been found in spinach, oats and ryes. Another foods such as green beans, broccoli, and beetroots also contain histamine but in lower concentrations. Histamine has also been detected but not quantified in several different foods, such as groundcherries, carobs, bok choy, biscuits, and longans.', 'C': '3b-Allotetrahydrocortisol is one of the tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. The 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) is responsible for the interconversion of both the hormonally inactive cortisone and the active cortisol, which has implications in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, as reflected in the ratio of tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. (PMID: 16310418). The daily excretion of allotetrahydrocortisol is above normal in hyperthyroid patients; In contrast, in hyperthyroidism the excretion is diminished below normal levels to approximately half that of normal subjects. (PMID 13906284). A decreased activity of the enzyme 11beta-HSD produces a pattern of urinary steroid metabolites with an abnormal elevation of tetrahydrocortisol and allo-tetrahydrocortisol compared to tetrahydrocortisone; this pattern of steroid excretion is essential for the diagnosis of the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess type 1. (PMID: 8834992).', 'D': 'In humans, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is formed by a hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase whereas in bacteria it is formed by a 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is also formed via the normal activity of hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase during conversion of 4-hydroxybutyrate to succinate semialdehyde. The compound can be converted to alpha-ketoglutaric acid through the action of a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.2). In humans, there are two such enzymes (D2HGDH and L2HGDH). Both the D and the L stereoisomers of hydroxyglutaric acid are found in body fluids. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a biochemical hallmark of the inherited neurometabolic disorder D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (OMIM: 600721) and the genetic disorder glutaric aciduria II. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (caused by loss of D2HGDH or gain of function of IDH) is rare, with symptoms including cancer, macrocephaly, cardiomyopathy, mental retardation, hypotonia, and cortical blindness. An elevated urine level of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid has been reported in patients with spondyloenchondrodysplasia (OMIM: 271550). D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid can be converted to alpha-ketoglutaric acid through the action of 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH). Additionally, the enzyme D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) can catalyze the NADH-dependent reduction of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). Nyhan et al. (1995) described 3 female patients, 2 of them sibs, who were found to have excess accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine. The phenotype was quite variable, even among the sibs, but included mental retardation, macrocephaly with cerebral atrophy, hypotonia, seizures, and involuntary movements. One of the patients developed severe intermittent vomiting and was given a pyloromyotomy. The electroencephalogram demonstrated hypsarrhythmia. There was an increased concentration of protein in cerebrospinal fluid, an unusual finding in inborn errors of metabolism. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid can also be produced via gain-of-function mutations in the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). IDH is part of the TCA cycle and this compound is generated in high abundance when IDH is mutated. Since D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is sufficiently similar in structure to 2-oxoglutarate (2OG), it is able to inhibit a range of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, including histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) and members of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. This inhibitory effect leads to alterations in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated hypoxic response and alterations in gene expression through global epigenetic remodeling. The net effect is that D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid causes a cascading effect that leads genetic perturbations and malignant transformation. Depending on the circumstances, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid can act as an oncometabolite, a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin. An oncometabolite is a compound that promotes tumour growth and survival. A neurotoxin is compound that is toxic to neurons or nerual tissue. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels.  As an oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is a competitive inhibitor of multiple alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5mC hydroxylases. As a result, high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate lead to genome-wide histone and DNA methylation alterations, which in turn lead to mutations that ultimately cause cancer (PMID: 29038145). As a neurotoxin, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid mediates its neurotoxicity through activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is structurally similar to the excitatory amino acid glutamate and stimulates neurodegeneration by mechanisms similar to glutamate, NMDA, or mitochondrial toxins (PMID: 12153528). As an acidogen, D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is classified as an alpha hydroxy acid belonging to the general class of compounds known as organic acids. Chronically high levels of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid are a feature of the inborn error of metabolism called D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart abnormalities, kidney abnormalities, liver damage, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures.'}",A
What is the description of 3-Amino-2-piperidone?,"{'A': '1-Methylhistidine, also known as 1-MHis or 1MH, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. 1MH is also classified as a methylamino acid. Methylamino acids are primarily proteogenic amino acids (found in proteins) which have been methylated (in situ) on their side chains by various methyltransferase enzymes. Histidine can be methylated at either the N1 or N3 position of its imidazole ring, yielding the isomers 1-methylhistidine (1MH; also referred to as pi-methylhistidine) or 3-methylhistidine (3MH; tau-methylhistidine), respectively. There is considerable confusion with regard to the nomenclature of the methylated nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring of histidine and other histidine-containing peptides such as anserine. In particular, older literature (mostly prior to the year 2000) designated anserine (Npi methylated) as beta-alanyl-N1-methyl-histidine, whereas according to standard IUPAC nomenclature, anserine is correctly named as beta-alanyl-N3-methyl-histidine. As a result, many papers published prior to the year 2000 incorrectly identified 1MH as a specific marker for dietary consumption or various pathophysiological effects when they really were referring to 3MH (PMID: 24137022).  Recent discoveries have shown that 1MH is produced in essentially all mammals (and other vertebrates) via the enzyme known as METTL9 (PMID: 33563959). METTL9 is a broad-specificity methyltransferase that mediates the formation of the majority of 1MH present in mammalian proteomes. METTL9-catalyzed methylation requires a His-x-His (HxH) motif, where ""x"" is a small amino acid. This HxH motif is found in a number of abundant mammalian proteins such as ARMC6, S100A9, and NDUFB3 (PMID: 33563959). Because of its abundance in many muscle-related proteins, 1MH has been found to be a good biomarker for the consumption of meat (PMID: 21527577). Dietary studies have shown that poultry consumption (p-trend = 0.0006) and chicken consumption (p-trend = 0.0003) are associated with increased levels of 1MH in human plasma (PMID: 30018457). The consumption of fish, especially salmon and cod, has also been shown to increase the levels of 1MH in serum and urine (PMID: 31401679). As a general rule, urinary 1MH is associated with white meat intake (p< 0.001), whereas urinary 3MH is associated with red meat intake (p< 0.001) (PMID: 34091671).', 'B': '3-Amino-2-piperidone is a delta-lactam of ornithine. It is found in the urine of patients with hyperornithinemia (PMID 679477), due to Ornithine keto acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13) deficiency (OMIM 258870).', 'C': 'Isocoproporphyrin is a porphyrin derivative found in the feces and in urine for patients suffering from PCT (porphyria cutanea tarda). PCT is probably the most common of the porphyrias. It manifests as vesicle formation in sun-exposed areas, particularly the dorsum of the hands, A finding that is virtually diagnostic of PCT is the presence of isocoproporphyrin in stool.', 'D': 'N-Acetyl-alpha-neuraminate is a sialic acid. Sialic acids are an important family of related 9-carbon sugars acids, present on the surface of many different cells and functioning in a wide range of different biological processes. They mediate a variety of cell-cell and cell-molecule interactions in eukaryotes and can be utilized by pathogens to evade the host immune response. N-acetylneuraminic acid is the most common sialic acid, and the predominant form present in humans. It can be found as a terminal sugar on a wide range of surface glycoconjugates. A number of bacteria that can colonize humans (such as E. coli) make use of N-acetylneuraminic acid as a nutrient source.'}",B
What is the description of dCTP?,"{'A': '4-Methylcatechol, also known as homocatechol or toluene-3,4-diol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety. Outside of the human body, 4-Methylcatechol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods such as coffee and cocoa powders and in a lower concentration in beers. 4-Methylcatechol has also been detected, but not quantified in eggplants. This could make 4-methylcatechol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Recent studies have suggested that a lack of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the limbic system may cause neuropathic pain (PMID:22198556). It is both a substrate and a suicide inhibitor of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (PMID:15006807). 4-Methylcatechol is a metabolite of homoprotocatechuic acid (PMID:4974346). 4-Methylcatechol is known to induce the production of BDNF.', 'B': 'Deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is a cytidine nucleotide triphosphate that is used whenever DNA is synthesized, such as in the polymerase chain reaction. e.g.:.', 'C': 'D-Biopterin is a pterin which is a chemical compound composed of a pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring. The level of biopterin decreases in the urine of patients with guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I. (PMID 10770663).', 'D': 'Threonolactone is an oxidation product of the autoxidation reaction of L-ascorbic acid.'}",B
What is the description of 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol glucuronide?,"{'A': 'Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex and it is involved in the stress response. Its synthetic counterpart hydrocortisone is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. Hydrocortisone is synthesized from pregnenolone and is used as an immunosuppressive drug given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients who need steroid treatment but cannot take oral medication, and peri-operatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an Addisonian crisis. Cortisol increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels, may cause infertility in women, and suppresses the immune system. The amount of cortisol present in the serum undergoes diurnal variation, with the highest levels present in the early morning and lower levels in the evening, several hours after the onset of sleep. Cortisol is found to be associated with ACTH deficiency and glucocorticoid deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. Cortisol binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor, the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA-bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically, glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes and prevents phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. The cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In other words, the two main products of inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are inhibited by the action of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the escape of lipocortin-1 into the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines, etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages, and mastocytes. Additionally, the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding.', 'B': ""Orotidine is a nucleoside formed by attaching orotic acid to a ribose ring via a beta-N1-glycosidic bond. It is a water-soluble solid.  Orotidine is found in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals.  In humans, orotidine occurs as its 5'-phosphate (orotidylic acid), which is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleosides (cytidine and uridine) that are found in nucleic acids (as the nucleotides containing the bases cytosine and uracil). Orotidine itself is not a component of nucleic acid.  Orotidine monophosphate (OMP) is converted to uridine monophosphate by OMP decarboxylase, which is inhibited by mononucleotide precursors.  Large amounts of orotidine are excreted in the urine of cancer patients treated with 6-azauridine, which is one such inhibitor, indicating that the subject has increased DNA synthesis due to cancer.  Orotidine was first isolated from a mutant strain of the fungus Neurospora by A. Michael Michelson, William Drell, and Herschel K. Mitchell (PMID: 14853953)."", 'C': '3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (HMPG) glucuronide is the main form of HMPG in human urine. HMPG is a major metabolite of norepinephrine that is found in urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It has been determined that 25-50% of it is derived from brain norepinephrine. The conjugated form is reported to be derived mainly from the metabolism of systemic norepinephrine. (PMID 528605).', 'D': 'Iodotyrosine is an iodated derivative of L-tyrosine. This is an early precursor to L-thyroxine, one of the primary thyroid hormones. In the thyroid gland, iodide is trapped, transported, and concentrated in the follicular lumen for thyroid hormone synthesis. Before trapped iodide can react with tyrosine residues, it must be oxidized by thyroid peroxidase. Iodotyrosine is made from tyrosine via thyroid peroxidase and then further iodinated by this enzyme to make the di-iodo and tri-iodo variants. Two molecules of di-iodotyrosine combine to form T4, and one molecule of mono-iodotyrosine combines with one molecule of di-iodotyrosine to form T3.'}",C
What is the description of 3-Furoic acid?,"{'A': '2b,3a,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': ""Uridine diphosphate glucose, also known as UDP-glucose or UDP-alpha-D-glucose, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine nucleotide sugars. These are pyrimidine nucleotides bound to a saccharide derivative through the terminal phosphate group. Uridine diphosphate glucose exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Uridine diphosphate glucose is a key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. For instance, UDP-glucose is a precursor of glycogen and can be converted into UDP-galactose and UDP-glucuronic acid, which can then be used as substrates by the enzymes that make polysaccharides containing galactose and glucuronic acid. UDP-glucose can also be used as a precursor for the biosynthesis of sucrose, lipopolysaccharides and glycosphingolipids. Within humans, uridine diphosphate glucose participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, ceramide (D18:1/18:0) and uridine diphosphate glucose can be converted into glucosylceramide (D18:1/18:0) and uridine 5'-diphosphate through the action of the enzyme ceramide glucosyltransferase. In addition, glucosylceramide (D18:1/18:0) and uridine diphosphate glucose can be biosynthesized from lactosylceramide (D18:1/18:0) and uridine 5'-diphosphate through its interaction with the enzyme Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 6."", 'C': '3-Furoic acid is an organic acid regularly occurring in urine of healthy individuals. (PMID 2338430). 3-Furoic acid is also a compound found in honey and honeydew samples (PMID 11403496), and is a structural analog of nicotinic acid (niacin, a vitamin of the B complex). (PMID 12563315).', 'D': 'Hydroxyoctanoic acid medium chain substrate of the 2-hydroxy acid oxidases associated with the 3 distinct human 2-hydroxy acid oxidase genes, HAOX1, HAOX2, and HAOX3. (PMID: 10777549).'}",C
"What is the description of 1b,3a,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid?","{'A': 'Ergosterol, also known as provitamin D2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergosterols and derivatives. These are steroids containing ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol or a derivative thereof, which is based on the 3beta-hydroxylated ergostane skeleton. Thus, ergosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Ergosterol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Ergosterol is the biological precursor to vitamin D2. It is turned into viosterol by ultraviolet light, and is then converted into ergocalciferol, which is a form of vitamin D. Ergosterol is a component of fungal cell membranes, serving the same function that cholesterol serves in animal cells. Ergosterol is not found in mammalian cell membranes.', 'B': 'Potassium is an essential electrolyte. Potassium balance is crucial for regulating the excitability of nerves and muscles and so critical for regulating contractility of cardiac muscle. Although the most important changes seen in the presence of deranged potassium are cardiac, smooth muscle is also affected with increasing muscle weakness, a feature of both hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Potassium (K+) is a positively charged electrolyte, cation, which is present throughout the body in both intracellular and extracellular fluids. The majority of body potassium, >90%, are intracellular. It moves freely from intracellular fluid (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF) and vice versa when adenosine triphosphate increases the permeability of the cell membrane. It is mainly replaced inside or outside the cells by another cation, sodium (Na+). The movement of potassium into or out of the cells is linked to certain body hormones and also to certain physiological states. Standard laboratory tests measure ECF potassium. Potassium enters the body rapidly during food ingestion. Insulin is produced when a meal is eaten; this causes the temporary movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. Over the ensuing hours, the kidneys excrete the ingested potassium and homeostasis is returned. In the critically ill patient, suffering from hyperkalaemia, this mechanism can be manipulated beneficially by administering high concentration (50%) intravenous glucose. Insulin can be added to the glucose, but glucose alone will stimulate insulin production and cause movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. The stimulation of alpha receptors causes increased movement of potassium from ICF to ECF. A noradrenaline infusion can elevate serum potassium levels. An adrenaline infusion, or elevated adrenaline levels, can lower serum potassium levels. Metabolic acidosis causes a rise in extracellular potassium levels. In this situation, excess of hydrogen ions (H+) are exchanged for intracellular potassium ions, probably as a result of the cellular response to a falling blood pH. Metabolic alkalosis causes the opposite effect, with potassium moving into the cells. (PMID: 17883675).', 'C': ""Glutaconic acid is related to the fully saturated glutaric acid and belongs to the class of compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups. Glutaconic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Glutaconic acid has been detected in the urine of individuals with inborn errors of metabolism. When present in sufficiently high levels, glutaconic acid can act as an acidogen, a neurotoxin, and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A neurotoxin is a compound that is toxic to neural tissues and cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of glutaconic acid are associated with glutaric aciduria type I (glutaric acidemia type I, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, GA1, or GAT1). GA1 is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH). Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e.g. glutaric acid, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs), but particularly the basal ganglia. GA1 is associated with a risk for intracranial and retinal hemorrhage, and non-specific white matter changes. Babies with glutaric acidemia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly). Other symptoms include spasticity (increased muscle tone/stiffness) and dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions resulting in abnormal movement or posture), but many affected individuals are asymptomatic. Seizures and coma (encephalopathy) are rare. GA1 also causes secondary carnitine deficiency because 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, like other organic acids, is detoxified by carnitine. Glutaconic acid's neurotoxicity is thought to be partially caused by an excitotoxic mechanism in which glutaconic acid overactivates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Accumulating trans-glutaconic (TG) acids have been proposed to be involved in the development of the striatal degeneration seen in children with glutaric acidemia type I via an excitotoxic mechanism."", 'D': '1b,3a,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12.'}",D
What is the description of Undecanoic acid?,"{'A': 'Undecanoic acid, also known as N-undecylic acid or N-undecanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. Undecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Undecanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound.', 'B': 'trans-Cinnamic acid, also known as (e)-cinnamic acid or phenylacrylic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cinnamic acids. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene and a carboxylic acid group forming 3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid. trans-Cinnamic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. trans-Cinnamic acid is a sweet, balsam, and cinnamon tasting compound. Outside of the human body, trans-Cinnamic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as chinese cinnamons, olives, and lingonberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, red raspberries, and corianders. trans-Cinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common oregano, pepper (spice), fennels, pomegranates, and european cranberries. This could make trans-cinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cinnamic acid has been shown to be a microbial metabolite; it can be found in Alcaligenes, Brevibacterium, Cellulomonas, and Pseudomonas (PMID:16349793). trans-Cinnamic acid is a potentially toxic compound.', 'C': 'Pyridoxine, also known vitamin B6, is commonly found in food and is used as a dietary supplement. Pyridoxine is an essential nutrient, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet. Sources in the diet include fruit, vegetables, and grain. Although pyridoxine and vitamin B6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is sometimes misleading (PMID: 2192605). Technically, pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called vitamin B6 or it is a member of the family of B6 vitamins. Healthy human blood levels of pyridoxine are 2.1 - 21.7 ng/mL. Pyridoxine is readily converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. Pyridoxine assists in the balancing of sodium and potassium as well as promoting red blood cell production. Therefore pyridoxine is required by the body to make amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. It is linked to cancer immunity and helps fight the formation of homocysteine. It has been suggested that pyridoxine might help children with learning difficulties, and may also prevent dandruff, eczema, and psoriasis. In addition, pyridoxine can help balance hormonal changes in women and aid in immune system. Lack of pyridoxine may cause anemia, nerve damage, seizures, skin problems, and sores in the mouth (Wikipedia). Deficiency of pyridoxine, though rare because of widespread distribution in foods, leads to the development of peripheral neuritis in adults and affects the central nervous system in children (DOSE - 3rd edition). As a supplement pyridoxine is used to treat and prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, problems from isoniazid, and certain types of mushroom poisoning. Pyridoxine in combination with doxylamine is used as a treatment for morning sickness in pregnant women.', 'D': ""8-hydroxyadenine is an intermediate in the oxidation of adenine to 2,8-dihydroxyadenine by xanthine oxidase (EC 1.1.3.22). A controversy exists as to whether or not this metabolite is a marker of DNA damage. Several papers have reported an artifactual formation of a number of modified bases from intact DNA bases during derivatization of DNA hydrolysates to be analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These reports dealt with 8-hydroxyadenine (8-OH). It needs to be emphasized that the procedures for hydrolysis of DNA and derivatization of DNA hydrolysates used in these papers substantially differed from the established procedures previously described. Furthermore, a large number of relevant papers reporting the levels of these modified bases in DNA of various sources have been ignored. Interestingly, the levels of modified bases reported in the literature were not as high as those reported prior to prepurification. Levels of 8-OH-Ade were quite close to, or even the same as, or smaller than the level reported after prepurification. All these facts raise the question of the validity of the claims about the measurement of these modified DNA bases by GC/MS. Oxidative damage to DNA may play an important role in aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Attack on DNA by reactive oxygen species, particularly hydroxyl radicals, can lead to strand breaks, DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross-linking, sister chromatid exchange and translocation, and formation of at least 20 oxidized base adducts. Modification of DNA bases can lead to mutation and altered protein synthesis. In late-stage AD brain, several studies have shown an elevation of the base adducts 8-hydroxyadenine (8-OHA). Several studies have shown a decline in repair of 8-OHG in AD. Most recently studies have shown elevated 8-OHA in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in mild cognitive impairment, the earliest detectable form of AD, suggesting that oxidative damage to DNA is an early event in AD and not a secondary phenomenon. (PMID: 10098459, 17034348).""}",A
What is the description of N-Acetylgalactosamine?,"{'A': 'Pipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF. However, it is uncertain if pipecolic acid originates directly from food intake or from mammalian or intestinal bacterial enzyme metabolism. Recent studies suggest that plasma pipecolic acid, particularly the D-isomer, originates mainly from the catabolism of dietary lysine by intestinal bacteria rather than by direct food intake. In classic Zellweger syndrome (a cerebro-hepato-renal genetic disorder, OMIM 214100) pipecolic acid accumulate in the plasma of the patients. It is known that plasma pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Pipecolic acid is moderately elevated in patients with pyridoxine-dependent seizures and might therefore be a possible biochemical marker for selecting candidates for pyridoxine therapy (Plecko et al 2000). Pipecolic acid was also elevated in CSF in these vitamin B6-responsive patients (PMID 12705501). Pipecolic acid is found to be associated with adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum disease, and peroxisomal biogenesis defect, which are also inborn errors of metabolism. Pipecolic acid is a biomarker for the consumption of dried and cooked beans.', 'B': 'N-Acetylgalactosamine, also known as GalNAc, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha-hexosamines. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose moiety in which the oxygen atom is replaced by an N-acyl group. N-Acetylgalactosamine is also classified as an amino sugar derivative of galactose. In humans GalNAc functions as the terminal carbohydrate forming the antigen of blood group A. GalNAc is typically the first monosaccharide that connects serine or threonine during protein O-glycosylation and the formation of glycoproteins. This is often referred to as mucin-type O-glycosylation, as the mucins (a class of a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins produced by epithelial tissues in most animals which have an ability to form gels) are heavily O-GalNAc modified. Interestingly, mammals have genes encoding for approximately 20 different polypeptide-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAcTs), all of which transfer GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to a hydroxyl-containing amino acids such as serine or threonine. N- O-GalNAc-containing glycoproteins appear to play a variety of essential roles. Among these is the ability of the mucins to hydrate and protect tissues by trapping bacteria. These O-glycans can also significantly alter the conformation of the protein and on the heavily modified proteins may protect the polypeptide from proteolytic digestion. O-GalNAc structures also appear to play an essential role in sperm–egg interactions. From a pathophysiological perspective, O-GalNAc modification appears to play a critical role in the immune system, cell–cell interactions, and cancer.  N-Acetylgalactosamine is an important constituent of brain heteropolysaccharides (glycoproteins). The concentration of the N-acetylgalactosamine-containing glycoproteins in the 3-year-old cerebral gray matter from human brain is 7-15 times greater than in 8-year old tissue and 15-30 times greater than in 72-year-old tissue. Outside of the human body, N-Acetylgalactosamine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as prickly pears, italian sweet red peppers, wheats, silver lindens, and sour cherries. This could make N-acetylgalactosamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.', 'C': 'Allocystathionine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cysteines and cysteine derivatives. Cysteine and cysteine derivatives are compounds containing cysteine or a derivative thereof resulting from the reaction of cysteine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Allocystathionine is a stereo-isomer of cystathionine. Both cystathionine and allocystathionine are modified amino acids generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine. Allocystathionine is a product of enzyme cystathionine synthetase (EC 2.5.1.48) which converts homocysteine into allocystathionine in the sulfur metabolism pathway. It is also the substrate of enzyme cystathionine beta-lyase (EC 4.4.1.8) in the same pathway (KEGG). Cystathionine and allocystathionine can be used by the enzymes cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), and sulfinoalanine decarboxylase to produce hypotaurine and then taurine.', 'D': 'Hexadecanedioic acid mono-L-carnitine ester is an intermediate in the formation of hexadecanedioylcarnitine. Hexadecanedioic acid has been shown to be activated by ATP-Mg2+ and CoA and transported into the inner mitochondrial compartment as the mono-L-carnitine ester. (PMID: 4703570).'}",B
What is the description of Deoxycytidine?,"{'A': '5a-Cholestane-3a,7a,12a,23,25-pentol is a bile acid found in the urine of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. (PMID 1805458).', 'B': 'Glycerol 3-phosphate is a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway. It is commonly confused with the similarly named glycerate 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. Glycerol 3-phospate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. DHAP can then be rearranged into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) by triose phosphate isomerase (TIM), and feed into glycolysis. The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used to rapidly regenerate NAD+ in the brain and skeletal muscle cells of mammals (wikipedia).', 'C': ""Deoxycytidine, also known as dC, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a pyrimidine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2. Deoxycytidine is also classified as a deoxyribonucleoside, a component of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Deoxycytidine is similar to the ribonucleoside cytidine, but with one hydroxyl group removed from the 2' position. Deoxycytidine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Degradation of DNA through apoptosis or cell death produces deoxycytidine. Within humans, deoxycytidine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, deoxycytidine can be biosynthesized from dCMP through the action of the enzyme cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase. In addition, deoxycytidine can be converted into dCMP; which is mediated by the enzyme uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1. Deoxycytidine can be phosphorylated at the C-5 position by the enzyme deoxycytidine kinase to produce deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), and to a lesser extent, deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). Deoxycytidine can also be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase 2 (TK2). Deoxycytidine can potentially be used for the treatment of the metabolic disorder known as thymidine kinase 2 deficiency (TK2 deficiency). TK2 deficiency has three disease subtypes: i) infantile-onset myopathy with rapid progression to early death ii) childhood-onset myopathy, which resembles spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type III, begins between ages 1 and 12 years with progression to loss of ambulation within few years and iii) late-onset myopathy starting at age 12 year or later with moderate to severe myopathy manifesting as either isolated chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) or a generalized myopathy with CPEO plus facial and limb weakness, gradual progression, and, in some cases, respiratory failure and loss of ability to walk in adulthood (PMID: 28318037). In mouse models of TK2, dC was shown to delay disease onset, prolong life span and restore mtDNA copy number as well as respiratory chain enzyme activities (PMID: 28318037)."", 'D': 'N-Acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminic acid is a component of glycoprotein- and glycolipid-bound sialic acids present in the human erythrocyte membrane (RBC). (PMID: 12527384). N-Acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminic acid has been detected in basaliomas and normal human skin. (PMID: 11180001). Determination of N-Acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminic acid in human serum has been obtained by fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography. (PMID: 2757191).'}",C
What is the description of N-Butyrylglycine?,"{'A': 'N-Butyrylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism, such as ethylmalonic encephalopathy. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13), which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine amino acids composed of glycine substituted at the nitrogen rather than the usual carbon position, resulting in the loss of hydrogen bonding donors. Polymers of these compounds are called Peptoids.', 'B': 'Methylacetoacetic acid, also known as 3-oxo-butanoate or methyl acetylacetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta-keto acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the C3 carbon atom. Methylacetoacetic acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Methylacetoacetic acid is a citrus, fresh, and fruity tasting compound. Methylacetoacetic acid has been identified in the urine of patients with an inherited deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PMID 630060), and after isoleucine loading in the diagnosis of 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency.', 'C': 'Ergocalciferol is a form of Vitamin D, also called vitamin D2. It is created from viosterol, which in turn is created when ultraviolet light activates ergosterol. Ergocalciferol is used in the treatment of hypcalcemia and in dialysis-dependent renal failure. Ergoalcifediol is a fat soluble steroid hormone precursor of vitamin D that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. Vitamin D2 is the form of vitamin D most commonly added to foods and nutritional supplements. Vitamin D2 must be transformed (hydroxylated) into one of two active forms via the liver or kidney. Once transformed, it binds to the vitamin D receptor that then leads to a variety of regulatory roles.', 'D': 'Quinolinic acid, also known as quinolinate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridinecarboxylic acids. Pyridinecarboxylic acids are compounds containing a pyridine ring bearing a carboxylic acid group. It is also classified as a pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, which is a dicarboxylic acid with a pyridine backbone. Quinolinic acid is a colorless solid. In plants, it is the biosynthetic precursor to nicotine. Quinolinic acid is found in all organisms, from microbes to plants to animals. Quinolinic acid can be biosynthesized via aspartic acid in plants. Oxidation of aspartate by the enzyme aspartate oxidase gives iminosuccinate, containing the two carboxylic acid groups that are found in quinolinic acid. Condensation of iminosuccinate with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, mediated by quinolinate synthase, affords quinolinic acid Quinolinic acid is also a downstream product of the kynurenine pathway, which metabolizes the amino acid tryptophan ((PMID: 22678511). The kynurenine/tryptophan degradation pathway is important for its production of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and produces several neuroactive intermediates including quinolinic acid, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HANA). In animals quinolinic acid acts as an NMDA receptor agonist and has a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders (PMID: 22678511). It also acts as a neurotoxin, gliotoxin, proinflammatory mediator, and pro-oxidant molecule (PMID: 22248144). Quinolinic acid can act as an endogenous brain excitotoxin when released by activated macrophages (PMID: 15013955). Within the brain, quinolinic acid is only produced by activated microglia and macrophages. Quinolinic acid is unable to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and must be produced within the brain by microglial cells or macrophages that have passed the BBB (PMID: 22248144). While quinolinic acid cannot pass through the BBB, kynurenic acid, tryptophan and 3-hydroxykynurenine can and can subsequently act as precursors to the production of quinolinic acid in the brain (PMID: 22248144). Quinolinic acid has potent neurotoxic effects. Studies have demonstrated that quinolinic acid may be involved in many psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases in the brain including ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, brain ischemia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and AIDS-dementia.  Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS. Indeed, levels of quinolinic acid in the CSF of AIDS patients suffering from AIDS-dementia can be up to twenty times higher than normal (PMID: 10936623). Quinolinic acid levels are increased in the brains of children infected with a range of bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS), of poliovirus patients, and of Lyme disease with CNS involvement patients. In addition, raised quinolinic acid levels have been found in traumatic CNS injury patients, patients suffering from cognitive decline with ageing, hyperammonaemia patients, hypoglycaemia patients, and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Quinolinic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as Ceylon cinnamons, pitanga, Oregon yampahs, red bell peppers, and durians. This could make quinolinic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.'}",A
What is the description of Lipoamide?,"{'A': 'Murocholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': 'Aminoadipic acid (CAS: 542-32-5), also known as 2-aminoadipate, is a metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It is an intermediate in the metabolism (i.e. breakdown or degradation) of lysine and saccharopine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Aminoadipic acid has also been shown to inhibit the production of kynurenic acid, a broad spectrum excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist, in brain tissue slices (PMID: 8566117). Recent studies have shown that aminoadipic acid is elevated in prostate biopsy tissues from prostate cancer patients (PMID: 23737455). Mutations in DHTKD1 (dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing protein 1) have been shown to cause human 2-aminoadipic aciduria and 2-oxoadipic aciduria via impaired decarboxylation of 2-oxoadipate to glutaryl-CoA, which is the last step in the lysine degradation pathway (PMID: 23141293). Aging, diabetes, sepsis, and renal failure are known to catalyze the oxidation of lysyl residues to form 2-aminoadipic acid in human skin collagen and potentially other tissues (PMID: 18448817). Proteolytic breakdown of these tissues can lead to the release of free 2-aminoadipic acid. Studies in rats indicate that aminoadipic acid (along with the three branched-chain amino acids: leucine, valine, and isoleucine) levels are elevated in the pre-diabetic phase and so aminoadipic acid may serve as a predictive biomarker for the development of diabetes (PMID: 15389298). Long-term hyperglycemia of endothelial cells can also lead to elevated levels of aminoadipate which is thought to be a sign of lysine breakdown through oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PMID: 21961526). 2-Aminoadipate is a potential small-molecule marker of oxidative stress (PMID: 21647514). Therefore, depending on the circumstances aminoadipic acid can act as an acidogen, a diabetogen, an atherogen, and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A diabetogen is a compound that can lead to type 2 diabetes. An atherogen is a compound that leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of aminoadipic acid are associated with at least two inborn errors of metabolism including 2-aminoadipic aciduria and 2-oxoadipic aciduria. Aminoadipic acid is an organic acid and abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart abnormalities, kidney abnormalities, liver damage, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. As a diabetogen, serum aminoadipic levels appear to regulate glucose homeostasis and have been highly predictive of individuals who later develop diabetes (PMID: 24091325). In particular, aminoadipic acid lowers fasting plasma glucose levels and enhances insulin secretion from human islets. As an atherogen, aminoadipic acid has been found to be produced at high levels via protein lysine oxidation in atherosclerotic plaques (PMID: 28069522).', 'C': ""Lipoamide is a trivial name for 6,8-dithiooctanoic amide. It is 6,8-dithiooctanoic acid's functional form where the carboxyl group is attached to protein (or any other amine) by an amide linkage (containing -NH2) to an amino group. Lipoamide forms a thioester bond, oxidizing the disulfide bond, with acetaldehyde (pyruvate after it has been decarboxylated). It then transfers the acetaldehyde group to CoA which can then continue in the TCA cycle. Lipoamide is an intermediate in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), alanine, aspartate and pyruvate metabolism, and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation (KEGG:C00248). It is generated from dihydrolipoamide via the enzyme dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC:1.8.1.4) and then converted to S-glutaryl-dihydrolipoamide via the enzyme oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC:1.2.4.2)."", 'D': '2b,3a,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).'}",C
What is the description of Bilirubin?,"{'A': 'Chenodeoxycholic acid disulfate is a bile acid derviative. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': ""Bilirubin is a yellow bile pigment that is a degradation product of heme. It occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates. This catabolism is a necessary process in the body's clearance of waste products that arise from the destruction of aged or abnormal red blood cells. Bilirubin has been found in all vertebrates and in certain plants including Strelitzia nicolai (PMID: 28573242). Bilirubin levels in humans are elevated in certain diseases such as jaundice and liver disease and it is responsible for the yellow color of bruises and the yellow discoloration in jaundice. Bilirubin breakdown products, such as stercobilin, cause the brown color of feces. A different breakdown product, urobilin, is the main component of the straw-yellow color in urine. Bilirubin consists of an open chain of four pyrroles (tetrapyrrole). It is formed by oxidative cleavage of a porphyrin in heme, which leads to biliverdin, a green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment that is also a product of heme catabolism. Biliverdin is then reduced to bilirubin via biliverdin reductase. After conjugation with glucuronic acid, bilirubin can be excreted in the urine. Bilirubin is structurally similar to the pigment phycobilin used by certain algae to capture light energy, and to the pigment phytochrome used by plants to sense light. Elevated bilirubin levels in humans are associated with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an inability to properly convert and clear bilirubin from the body. Affected individuals cannot convert unconjugated bilirubin to the conjugated form because they lack a specific liver enzyme required to break down (metabolize) bilirubin. Since they cannot convert bilirubin, they develop abnormally high levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Crigler-Najjar syndrome is caused by mutations in the UGT1A1 gene. The hallmark finding of Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a persistent yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes and whites of the eyes (jaundice). Elevation of both alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin levels in serum or plasma can be indicative of serious liver injury. High levels of bilirubin are indicative of jaundice, which is easily recognizable due to a yellowing of the skin and eyes.  Bilirubin is also an antioxidant. Bilirubin's antioxidant activity may be particularly important in the brain, where it prevents excitotoxicity and neuronal death by scavenging superoxide during N-methyl-D-aspartic acid neurotransmission (PMID: 31353321)."", 'C': ""Orotidylic acid (OMP), is a pyrimidine nucleotide which is the last intermediate in the biosynthesis of uridine monophosphate. Decarboxylation by Orotidylate decarboxylase affords Uridine 5'-phosphate which is the route to Uridine and its derivatives de novo and consequently one of the most important processes in nucleic acid synthesis (Dictionary of Organic Compounds). In humans, the enzyme UMP synthase converts OMP into uridine 5'- monophosphate. If UMP synthase is defective, orotic aciduria can result. (Wikipedia)."", 'D': 'Sulfolithocholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID:11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).'}",B
What is the description of 11a-Hydroxyprogesterone?,"{'A': '2-Hydroxybutyric acid (CAS: 600-15-7), also known as alpha-hydroxybutyrate, is an organic acid derived from alpha-ketobutyrate. alpha-Ketobutyrate is produced by amino acid catabolism (threonine and methionine) and glutathione anabolism (cysteine formation pathway) and is metabolized into propionyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (PMID: 20526369). 2-Hydroxybutyric acid is formed as a byproduct from the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate via a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alphaHBDH). alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid is primarily produced in mammalian hepatic tissues that catabolize L-threonine or synthesize glutathione. Oxidative stress or detoxification of xenobiotics in the liver can dramatically increase the rate of hepatic glutathione synthesis. Under such metabolic stress conditions, supplies of L-cysteine for glutathione synthesis become limiting, so homocysteine is diverted from the transmethylation pathway (which forms methionine) into the transsulfuration pathway (which forms cystathionine). alpha-Ketobutyrate is released as a byproduct when cystathionine is cleaved into cysteine that is incorporated into glutathione. Chronic shifts in the rate of glutathione synthesis may be reflected by urinary excretion of 2-hydroxybutyrate. 2-Hydroxybutyrate is an early marker for both insulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation that appears to arise due to increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress (PMID: 20526369). 2-Hydroxybutyric acid is often found in the urine of patients suffering from lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid generally appears at high concentrations in situations related to deficient energy metabolism (e.g. birth asphyxia) and also in inherited metabolic diseases affecting the central nervous system during neonatal development, such as ""cerebral"" lactic acidosis, glutaric aciduria type II, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency, and propionic acidemia. More recently it has been noted that elevated levels of alpha-hydroxybutyrate in the plasma is a good marker for early-stage type II diabetes (PMID: 19166731). It was concluded from studies done in the mid-1970s that an increased NADH2/NAD ratio was the most important factor for the production of 2-hydroxybutyric acid (PMID: 168632).', 'B': ""Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products."", 'C': ""Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestagens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestagen. Progesterone's reproductive function serves to convert the endometrium to its secretory stage to prepare the uterus for implantation. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels will decrease leading to menstruation in the human. Normal menstrual bleeding is a progesterone withdrawal bleeding. During implantation and gestation, progesterone appears to decrease the maternal immune response to allow for the acceptance of the pregnancy. Progesterone decreases contractility of the uterine musculature. The fetus metabolizes placental progesterone in the production of adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids. A drop in progesterone levels is possibly one step that facilitates the onset of labor. In addition, progesterone inhibits lactation during pregnancy. The fall in progesterone levels following delivery is one of the triggers for milk production. Progesterone has an effect upon vaginal epithelium and cervical mucus."", 'D': 'Oxalacetic acid, also known as oxaloacetic acid, keto-oxaloacetate or 2-oxobutanedioate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. Oxalacetic acid is a metabolic intermediate in many processes that occur in animals and plants. It takes part in gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and the citric acid cycle. Oxalacetic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, oxalacetic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, oxalacetic acid is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle, where it reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate, catalyzed by citrate synthase. It is also involved in gluconeogenesis and the urea cycle. In gluconeogenesis oxaloacetate is decarboxylated and phosphorylated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and becomes 2-phosphoenolpyruvate using guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as phosphate source. In the urea cycle, malate is acted on by malate dehydrogenase to become oxaloacetate, producing a molecule of NADH. After that, oxaloacetate can be recycled to aspartate, as this recycling maintains the flow of nitrogen into the cell. In mice, injections of oxalacetic acid have been shown to promote brain mitochondrial biogenesis, activate the insulin signaling pathway, reduce neuroinflammation and activate hippocampal neurogenesis (PMID: 25027327). Oxalacetic acid has also been reported to reduce hyperglycemia in type II diabetes and to extend longevity in C. elegans (PMID: 25027327). Outside of the human body, oxalacetic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as Persian limes, lemon balms, wild rice, canola, and peanuts. This could make oxalacetic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.'}",C
"What is the description of 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid?","{'A': '1-Methylnicotinamide is a metabolite of nicotinamide and is produced primarily in the liver. It has anti-inflammatory properties (PMID 16197374). It is a product of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase [EC 2.1.1.1] in the pathway of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (KEGG). 1-Methylnicotinamide may be an endogenous activator of prostacyclin production and thus may regulate thrombotic as well as inflammatory processes in the cardiovascular system (PMID: 17641676).', 'B': '3α,7α-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid is a bile acid excreted in small amounts in the urine of healthy subjects (PMID: 864325). 3α,7α-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid is the precursor to chenodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues.', 'C': ""Inosine, also known as hypoxanthosine or inotin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Inosine is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Inosine is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid. Inosine is also an intermediate in the purine salvage pathway. Inosine occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules and is essential for proper translation of the genetic code in wobble base pairs. Inosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Inosine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, inosine can be biosynthesized from inosinic acid through its interaction with the enzyme known as cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase. In addition, inosine can be converted into hypoxanthine and ribose 1-phosphate through its interaction with the enzyme known as purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Altered levels of inosine have also been associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency and xanthinuria type I, both of which are inborn errors of metabolism. Animal studies have suggested that inosine has neuroprotective properties. It has been proposed as a potential treatment for spinal cord injury (PMID: 16317421) and for administration after stroke, as inosine appears to induce axonal rewiring (PMID: 12084941). After ingestion, inosine is metabolized into uric acid, which has been found to be a natural antioxidant and peroxynitrite scavenger. As such, inosine may have potential benefits to patients with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson‚Äôs disease (PMID: 19425822). Inosine can also be produced by gut bacteria and appears to have a number of beneficial effects.  Inosine, has been shown to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma signaling in human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of inosine has been found to protect against DSS-induced colitis in rodents by improving adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR)/PPAR-gamma-dependent mucosal barrier functions (PMID: 33820558). Microbiome-derived inosine has also been shown to modulate the response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in cancer models. In particular, decreased gut barrier function induced by immunotherapy increases systemic translocation of bacterially derived inosine and activates antitumor T cells. The effect of inosine is dependent on T cell expression of the adenosine A2A receptor and requires co-stimulation. Inosine appears to have other roles in non-mammalian system. For instance, it has been found to be an important feed stimulant by itself or in combination with certain amino acids in some species of farmed fish. For example, inosine and inosine-5-monophosphate have been reported as specific feeding stimulants for turbot fry, (Scophthalmus maximus) and Japanese amberjack."", 'D': 'Glutaric acid is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. Glutaric acid is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan. Glutaric acid may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. When present in sufficiently high levels, glutaric acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of glutaric acid are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism, including glutaric aciduria type I, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, and glutaric aciduria type III. Glutaric aciduria type I (glutaric acidemia type I, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, GA1, or GAT1) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH). Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e.g. glutaric acid, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs). Babies with glutaric acidemia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly). Macrocephaly is amongst the earliest signs of GA1. GA1 also causes secondary carnitine deficiency because glutaric acid, like other organic acids, is detoxified by carnitine. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated glutaric aciduria. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. Treatment of glutaric aciduria is mainly based on the restriction of lysine intake, supplementation of carnitine, and an intensification of therapy during intercurrent illnesses. The major principle of dietary treatment is to reduce the production of glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid by restriction of natural protein, in general, and of lysine, in particular (PMID: 17465389, 15505398). Glutaric acid has also been found in Escherichia (PMID: 30143200).'}",B
What is the description of 5-Hydroxymethyl-4-methyluracil?,"{'A': '5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity.', 'B': '16b-Hydroxyestradiol, which is better known as epiestriol (or 16beta-epiestriol or 16beta-hydroxy-17beta-estriol), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, epiestriol is considered to be a steroid molecule. Formally 16b-hydroxyestradiol is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 16.  In other words, it has hydroxyl groups at the C3, 16-beta, and 17-beta positions. It is an oxidative metabolite of 17beta-estradiol (PMID: 12865317). Epiestriol is found in all vertebrates. Epiestriol is a minor and weak endogenous estrogen. It is the 16beta-epimer of estriol (which is 16alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol).  Epiestriol has been used clinically in the treatment of acne. In addition to its estrogenic actions, epiestriol has been found to possess significant anti-inflammatory properties without glycogenic activity or immunosuppressive effects (PMID: 9120824).', 'C': 'Threonine (Thr) or L-threonine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-threonine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Threonine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. Threonine is sometimes considered as a branched chain amino acid. Threonine was actually the last of the 20 amino acids to be discovered (in 1938). It was named threonine because it was similar in structure to threonic acid, a four-carbon monosaccharide. Threonine is an essential amino acid in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it and that it must be obtained from the diet. Foods high in threonine include cottage cheese, poultry, fish, meat, lentils, black turtle bean and sesame seeds. Adult humans require about 20 mg/kg body weight/day. In plants and microorganisms, threonine is synthesized from aspartic acid via alpha-aspartyl-semialdehyde and homoserine. In proteins, the threonine residue is susceptible to numerous posttranslational modifications. The hydroxyl side-chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation and phosphorylation through the action of a threonine kinase. Threonine is abundant in human plasma, particularly in newborns. Severe deficiency of threonine causes neurological dysfunction and lameness in experimental animals. Threonine is an immunostimulant which promotes the growth of thymus gland. It also can probably promote cell immune defense function. The threonine content of most of the infant formulas currently on the market is approximately 20% higher than the threonine concentration in human milk. Due to this high threonine content the plasma threonine concentrations are up to twice as high in premature infants fed these formulas than in infants fed human milk. The whey proteins which are used for infant formulas are sweet whey proteins. Sweet whey results from cheese production. Increasing the threonine plasma concentrations leads to accumulation of threonine and glycine in the brain. Such accumulation affects the neurotransmitter balance which may have consequences for the brain development during early postnatal life. Thus, excessive threonine intake during infant feeding should be avoided. (PMID 9853925). Threonine is metabolized in at least two ways. In many animals it is converted to pyruvate via threonine dehydrogenase. An intermediate in this pathway can undergo thiolysis with CoA to produce acetyl-CoA and glycine. In humans the gene for threonine dehydrogenase is an inactive pseudogene, so threonine is converted to alpha-ketobutyrate.', 'D': 'Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Indeed, ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. Ethanol has a depressive effect on the central nervous system and because of its psychoactive effects, it is considered a drug. Ethanol has a complex mode of action and affects multiple systems in the brain, most notably it acts as an agonist to the GABA receptors. Death from ethanol consumption is possible when blood alcohol level reaches 0.4%. A blood level of 0.5% or more is commonly fatal. Levels of even less than 0.1% can cause intoxication, with unconsciousness often occurring at 0.3-0.4 %. Ethanol is metabolized by the body as an energy-providing carbohydrate nutrient, as it metabolizes into acetyl CoA, an intermediate common with glucose metabolism, that can be used for energy in the citric acid cycle or for biosynthesis. Ethanol within the human body is converted into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then into acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The product of the first step of this breakdown, acetaldehyde, is more toxic than ethanol. Acetaldehyde is linked to most of the clinical effects of alcohol. It has been shown to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver,[77] multiple forms of cancer, and alcoholism. Industrially, ethanol is produced both as a petrochemical, through the hydration of ethylene, and biologically, by fermenting sugars with yeast. Small amounts of ethanol are endogenously produced by gut microflora through anaerobic fermentation. However most ethanol detected in biofluids and tissues likely comes from consumption of alcoholic beverages. Absolute ethanol or anhydrous alcohol generally refers to purified ethanol, containing no more than one percent water. Absolute alcohol is not intended for human consumption. It often contains trace amounts of toxic benzene (used to remove water by azeotropic distillation). Consumption of this form of ethanol can be fatal over a short time period. Generally absolute or pure ethanol is used as a solvent for lab and industrial settings where water will disrupt a desired reaction. Pure ethanol is classed as 200 proof in the USA and Canada, equivalent to 175 degrees proof in the UK system. Ethanol is a general biomarker for the consumption of alcohol. Ethanol is also a metabolite of Hansenula and Saccharomyces (PMID: 14613880) (https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0079635206800470/1-s2.0-S0079635206800470-main.pdf?_tid=4d340044-3230-4141-88dd-deec4d2e35bd&acdnat=1550288012_0c4a20fe963843426147979d376cf624).'}",A
What is the description of N-Acetyl-L-alanine?,"{'A': '3,5-Diiodothyronine, also known as 3,5-T2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanines and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. It is also a member of the class of compounds known as iodothyronines. Iodothyronines are phenolic amino acids with iodine substituents. 3,5-Diiodothyronine is a metabolite of the two main thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxine and triiodo-L-thyronine). It is a biologically active iodothyronine with mitochondria and bioenergetic mechanisms being the major targets of 3,5-T2. Nanomolar concentrations of 3,5-T2 significantly increases cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity (PMID: 30090086). It increases COX activity by preventing the interaction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an allosteric inhibitor. At 1 pM concentration, 3,5-T2 stimulates oxygen consumption more rapidly than thyroxine (T3). A case report involving two human participants revealed that administration of 3,5-T2 to humans (1–5 ug/kg BW) rapidly (after 4–6 h) increased resting metabolic rate. Chronic 3,5-T2 administration (28 days, approximately 5 ug/kg BW) increased resting metabolic rate by approximately 15% and decreased body weight by approximately 4 kg in both participants (PMID: 22217997). 3,5-T2 stimulates the thyroid receptor (TR)-beta receptor for thyroid hormones and thus increases energy expenditure. It has agonistic (thyromimetic) effects on myocardial tissue and on the pituitary, which results in 3,5-T2 suppressing thyroid stimulating hormone release.', 'B': 'N-Acetyl-L-alanine or N-Acetylalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetyl-L-alanine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-alpha-Acetyl-L-alanine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-alanine.  N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618).  About 85% of all human proteins and 68% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468).  These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-Acetyl-L-alanine is a product of the enzyme known as ribosomal alanine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.128) which catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to proteins bearing an N-terminal alanine. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylalanine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618). Excessive amounts N-acetyl amino acids can be detected in the urine with individuals with aminoacylase I deficiency, a genetic disorder (PMID: 16465618). These include N-acetylalanine (as well as N-acetylserine, N-acetylglutamine, N-acetylglutamate, N-acetylglycine, N-acetylmethionine and smaller amounts of N-acetylthreonine, N-acetylleucine, N-acetylvaline and N-acetylisoleucine. Aminoacylase I is a soluble homodimeric zinc binding enzyme that catalyzes the formation of free aliphatic amino acids from N-acetylated precursors. In humans, Aminoacylase I is encoded by the aminoacylase 1 gene (ACY1) on chromosome 3p21 that consists of 15 exons (OMIM 609924). Individuals with aminoacylase I deficiency will experience convulsions, hearing loss and difficulty feeding (PMID: 16465618). ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. Many N-acetylamino acids, including N-acetylalanine, are classified as uremic toxins (PMID: 26317986; PMID: 20613759). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557). N-Acetyl-L-alanine has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212).', 'C': '5alpha-Androstane-3alpha,17a-diol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. 5alpha-Androstane-3alpha,17a-diol is a steroid found in feces from pregnant women (PMID: 5440628), the monosulfate and disulfate fractions from normal human feces (PMID: 4245755), and the glucuronide and mono- and disulphate conjugates of neutral steroids in human bile (PMID: 5493463).', 'D': 'beta-N-Acetylglucosamine is an acylaminosugar, which is an organic compound containing a sugar linked to a chain through an N-acyl group.  This compound is water-soluble.  Glycosylation with beta-N-acetylglucosamine is one of the most common post-translational modifications.  All animals and plants dynamically attach and remove beta-N-acetylglucosamine at serine and threonine residues on myriad nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins.  beta-N-Acetylglucosamine cycling, which is tightly regulated by the concerted actions of two highly-conserved enzymes, serves as a nutrient and stress sensor.  Proteins glycosylated with beta-N-acetylglucosamine can be found in almost every intracellular compartment and almost every functional class (PMID: 17460662).'}",B
"What is the description of 5,6-Dihydrouridine?","{'A': 'Mesaconic acid, also known as 2-methylfumarate or citronic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Mesaconic acid is a dicarboxylic butenoic acid, with a methyl group in position 2 and the double bound between carbons 2 and 3. Mesaconic acid was first studied for its physical properties in 1874 by Jacobus van ‘t Hoff (https://web.archive.org/web/20051117102410/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Van%27t-Hoff-1874.html). It is now known to be involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 and it is also a competitor inhibitor of the reduction of fumarate.', 'B': 'Dihydrouridine is a pyrimidine which is the result of adding two hydrogen atoms to a uridine. Dihydrouridine is found only in tRNA molecules. An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.', 'C': 'Pseudouridine, also known as psi-uridine or 5-ribosyluracil, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. These are analogues of nucleosides and nucleotides, such as phosphonated nucleosides, C-glycosylated nucleoside bases, analogues where the sugar unit is a pyranose, and carbocyclic nucleosides.  Pseudouridine specifically has its uracil attached via a carbon-carbon instead of a nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond to the ribofuranose.  It is the most prevalent of the over one hundred different modified nucleosides found in RNA (PMID: 17113994).  Pseudouridine is a solid that is soluble in water.  Pseudouridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans, and is in all classes of RNA except mRNA.  It is formed by enzymes called pseudouridine synthases, which post-transcriptionally isomerize specific uridine residues in RNA.', 'D': 'Arabinonic acid (CAS: 13752-83-5) is a substrate of L-arabinonate dehydratase [EC 4.2.1.25] in the pathway ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (KEGG).'}",B
What is the description of N-Acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'Propionylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycineThe level of propionylglycine is elevated in patients with propionic acidemia, which is an inherited deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. (Disorders of propionate and methylmalonate metabolism. In The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease).', 'B': 'N-Acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid is a component of glycoprotein- and glycolipid-bound sialic acids present in the human erythrocyte membrane (RBC). (PMID: 12527384).', 'C': 'Lactic acid is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule, consisting of two optical isomers, L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. Lactic acid plays a role in several biochemical processes and is produced in the muscles during intense activity. In animals, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal. This is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, lactate concentration, the isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1-2 mmol/L at rest, but can rise to over 20 mmol/L during intense exertion. There are some indications that lactate, and not glucose, is preferentially metabolized by neurons in the brain of several mammalian species, including mice, rats, and humans. Glial cells, using the lactate shuttle, are responsible for transforming glucose into lactate, and for providing lactate to the neurons. Lactate measurement in critically ill patients has been traditionally used to stratify patients with poor outcomes. However, plasma lactate levels are the result of a finely tuned interplay of factors that affect the balance between its production and its clearance. When the oxygen supply does not match its consumption, organisms adapt in many different ways, up to the point when energy failure occurs. Lactate, being part of the adaptive response, may then be used to assess the severity of the supply/demand imbalance. In such a scenario, the time to intervention becomes relevant: early and effective treatment may allow tissues and cells to revert to a normal state, as long as the oxygen machinery (i.e. mitochondria) is intact. Conversely, once the mitochondria are deranged, energy failure occurs even in the presence of normoxia. The lactate increase in critically ill patients may, therefore, be viewed as an early marker of a potentially reversible state (PMID: 16356243). When present in sufficiently high levels, lactic acid can act as an oncometabolite, an immunosuppressant, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin. An oncometabolite is a compound that promotes tumor growth and survival. An immunosuppressant reduces or arrests the activity of the immune system. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of lactic acid are associated with at least a dozen inborn errors of metabolism, including 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, biotinidase deficiency, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency, glycogen storage disease type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke disease, glycogenosis type IB, glycogenosis type IC, glycogenosis type VI, Hers disease, lactic acidemia, Leigh syndrome, methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, pyruvate decarboxylase E1 component deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, and short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD deficiency). Locally high concentrations of lactic acid or lactate are found near many tumors due to the upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase (PMID: 15279558). Lactic acid produced by tumors through aerobic glycolysis acts as an immunosuppressant and tumor promoter (PMID: 23729358). Indeed, lactic acid has been found to be a key player or regulator in the development and malignant progression of a variety of cancers (PMID: 22084445). A number of studies have demonstrated that malignant transformation is associated with an increase in aerobic cellular lactate excretion. Lactate concentrations in various carcinomas (e.g. uterine cervix, head and neck, colorectal region) at first diagnosis of the disease, can be relatively low or extremely high (up to 40 µmol/g) in different individual tumors or within the same lesion (PMID: 15279558). High molar concentrations of lactate are correlated with a high incidence of distant metastasis. Low lactate tumors (< median of approximately 8 µmol/g) are associated with both an overall longer and disease-free survival compared to high lactate lesions (lactate > approximately 8 µmol/g). Lactate-induced secretion of hyaluronan by tumor-associated fibroblasts creates a milieu favourable for cell migration and metastases (PMID: 22084445). An acidic environment (pH 6-6.5), which is common in many tumors, allows tumor cells to evade the immune response, and therefore allows them to grow unchecked. Locally high concentrations of lactic acid are known to markedly impede the function of normal immune cells and will lead to a loss of T-cell function of human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (PMID: 22084445). Lactic acid is also an organic acid and acts as a general acidogen. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart abnormalities, kidney abnormalities, liver damage, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. Lactic acid is also a microbial metabolite, urinary lactic acid is produced by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter frundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus group B, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (PMID: 22292465), Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Rhizopus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PMID: 26360870).', 'D': '3a,6b,7b,12b-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. 3a,6b,7b,12b-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is an uncommon bile acid with OH groups at C-3, 6, 7, and 12 positions. (High-performance liquid chromatography of bile acids. Effect of hydroxyl groups at C-3, 6, 7 and 12 on bile acid mobility. Batta, Ashok K. Aggarwal, Suresht K. Salen, Gerald. New Jersey Med. Sch., Univ. Med. Dent., Newark, NJ, USA. Journal of Liquid Chromatography (1992), 15(3), 467-78.).'}",B
What is the description of NAD?,"{'A': ""S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) is formed by the demethylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy or SAH) is also the immediate precursor of all of the homocysteine produced in the body. The reaction is catalyzed by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and is reversible with the equilibrium favoring formation of SAH. In vivo, the reaction is driven in the direction of homocysteine formation by the action of the enzyme adenosine deaminase which converts the second product of the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase reaction, adenosine, to inosine. Except for methyl transfer from betaine and from methylcobalamin in the methionine synthase reaction, SAH is the product of all methylation reactions that involve S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. Methylation is significant in epigenetic regulation of protein expression via DNA and histone methylation. The inhibition of these SAM-mediated processes by SAH is a proven mechanism for metabolic alteration. Because the conversion of SAH to homocysteine is reversible, with the equilibrium favoring the formation of SAH, increases in plasma homocysteine are accompanied by an elevation of SAH in most cases. Disturbances in the transmethylation pathway indicated by abnormal SAH, SAM, or their ratio have been reported in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, depression, and Parkinson's disease (PMID:18065573, 17892439). Therefore, when present in sufficiently high levels, S-adenosylhomocysteine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine are associated with S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase deficiency and adenosine deaminase deficiency. S-Adenosylhomocysteine forms when there are elevated levels of homocysteine and adenosine. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine is a potent inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation reactions. It is toxic to immature lymphocytes and can lead to immunosuppression (PMID:221926)."", 'B': 'NAD (or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. The reducing potential stored in NADH can be either converted into ATP through the electron transport chain or used for anabolic metabolism. ATP ""energy"" is necessary for an organism to live. Green plants obtain ATP through photosynthesis, while other organisms obtain it via cellular respiration (Wikipedia). NAD is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5\'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5\'-phosphate by a pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) (Dorland, 27th ed).', 'C': 'Allodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'D': 'Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573). Increased concentration of CSF homocarnosine has been found in familial spastic paraplegia. (PMID 842287). Homocarnosinosis (an inherited disorder, OMIM 236130) is characterized by an elevated level of the dipeptide homocarnosine (Hca) in the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain and by carnosinuria and serum carnosinase deficiency, and can co-exist with paraplegia, retinitis pigmentosa, and a progressive mental deficiency. (PMID 3736769). In glial tumors of human brain the content of homocarnosine has been found to be lower than in brain tissue (PMID 1032224), while an increase in content of homocarnosine was observed in brain tissue of animals under experimental trauma of cranium. (PMID 1025883).'}",B
What is the description of Muricholic acid?,"{'A': 'A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': 'Glyceric acid is a colourless syrupy acid, obtained from oxidation of glycerol. It is a compound that is secreted excessively in the urine by patients suffering from D-glyceric aciduria, an inborn error of metabolism, and D-glycerate anemia. Deficiency of human glycerate kinase leads to D-glycerate acidemia/D-glyceric aciduria. Symptoms of the disease include progressive neurological impairment, hypotonia, seizures, failure to thrive, and metabolic acidosis. At sufficiently high levels, glyceric acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Glyceric acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated glyceric aciduria. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. Elevated values may also be due to microbial sources such as yeast (Aspergillus, Penicillium, probably Candida) or due to dietary sources containing glycerol (glycerine). Glyceric acid is isolated from various plants (e.g. brassicas, pulses, and Vicia faba).', 'C': 'Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573). Increased concentration of CSF homocarnosine has been found in familial spastic paraplegia. (PMID 842287). Homocarnosinosis (an inherited disorder, OMIM 236130) is characterized by an elevated level of the dipeptide homocarnosine (Hca) in the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain and by carnosinuria and serum carnosinase deficiency, and can co-exist with paraplegia, retinitis pigmentosa, and a progressive mental deficiency. (PMID 3736769). In glial tumors of human brain the content of homocarnosine has been found to be lower than in brain tissue (PMID 1032224), while an increase in content of homocarnosine was observed in brain tissue of animals under experimental trauma of cranium. (PMID 1025883).', 'D': 'Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid is a nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP Iduronic acid, which donates Iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones. The transfer of glucuronic acid from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid onto a terminal galactose residue is done by beta1,3-glucuronosyltransferases, responsible for the completion of the protein-glycosaminoglycan linkage region of proteoglycans and of the HNK1 epitope of glycoproteins and glycolipids. In humans the enzyme galactose-beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase I completes the synthesis of the common linker region of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by transferring glucuronic acid (GlcA) onto the terminal galactose of the glycopeptide primer of proteoglycans. The GAG chains of proteoglycans regulate major biological processes such as cell proliferation and recognition, extracellular matrix deposition, and morphogenesis. (PMID:16815917).'}",A
What is the description of 17-Epiestriol?,"{'A': 'Dihydroandrosterone is a major metabolite of testosterone. Dihydroandrosterone is the main steroid produced by the immature ovary; at puberty the synthesis of steroids shifts toward 4-ene-3-oxo steroids. testosterone 5a-reduced metabolites, including dihydrotestosterone are produced in the anterior pituitary and the central nervous system. Anabolic androgen steroid (AAS) are one of primary performance-enhancing substances abused by athletes. To defeat doping controls, athletes changed to take endogenous androgens from the application of synthetic AAS. testosterone was one candidate of endogenous androgens abused in sports. testosterone and its relevant steroids in urine is detected and monitored with GC/MS. The abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AS) is a growing problem; however, the effects and mechanisms underlying their addictive effects are not well understood. (PMID: 17112575, 6243214, 491593, 491592).', 'B': '3b,12a-Dihydroxy-5a-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues.', 'C': '17-Epiestriol, also known as 17alpha-estriol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 17-epiestriol is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. 17-Epiestriol is a hydroxylated metabolite of estradiol or estrone that has a hydroxyl group at the C3-beta, 16-alpha, and 17-beta positions. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During pregnancy, a large amount of estriol is produced by the placenta. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.', 'D': 'CE(16:1(9Z)), also known as (Z)-cholesterol 9-hexadecenoate or 1-palmitoleoyl-cholesterol, is an important plasma cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl palmitoleate is one of the two more prevalent esters that are a component of dehydroepiandrosterone fatty acid esters (DHEA-FA). DHEA-FA is formed from DHEA by lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, localized on high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Once DHEA-FA is formed, it is subsequently transferred to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), like cholesteryl esters. Cholesteryl palmitoleate constitutes 20% of the total lipoidal pregnenolone (an important precursor steroid) in follicular fluid. The fatty acid components of the resulting lipoidal pregnenolone derivatives resemble those of cholesteryl esters formed in plasma by the enzymatic activity of lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (PMID: 2770299, 8943795). CE(16:1(9Z)) is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic.'}",C
What is the description of Uroporphyrin I?,"{'A': '3-Oxocholic acid, also known as 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid, is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. 3-Oxocholic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic.', 'B': 'Uroporphyrin is the porphyrin produced by oxidation of the methylene bridges in uroporphyrinogen. Uroporphyrins have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to their pyrrole rings. The enzyme uroporphyrinogen I synthase catalyzes the formation of hydroxymethylbilane from four molecules of porphobilinogen. Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase then catalyzes the conversion of hydroxymethylbilane into uroporphyrinogen III. Otherwise, hydroxymethylbilane cyclizes nonenzymatically to form uroporphyrinogen I. Uroporphyrinogen I and III yield their respective uroporphyrins via autooxidation or their respective coproporphyrinogens via decarboxylation. Excessive amounts of uroporphyrin I are excreted in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and both uroporphyrin I and uroporphyrin III are excreted in porphyria cutanea tarda. Uroporphyrin I and III are the most common isomers. Under certain conditions, uroporphyrin I can act as a phototoxin, a neurotoxin, and a metabotoxin. A phototoxin leads to cell damage upon exposure to light. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of porphyrins are associated with porphyrias such as porphyria variegate, acute intermittent porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda, and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). There are several types of porphyrias (most are inherited). Hepatic porphyrias are characterized by acute neurological attacks (seizures, psychosis, extreme back and abdominal pain, and an acute polyneuropathy), while the erythropoietic forms present with skin problems (usually a light-sensitive blistering rash and increased hair growth). The neurotoxicity of porphyrins may be due to their selective interactions with tubulin, which disrupt microtubule formation and cause neural malformations (PMID: 3441503).', 'C': '3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic (hMPP) acid is one of the major metabolites of ingested caffeic acid (PMID: 15479001) and of the phenolic degradation products of proanthocyanidins (the most abundant polyphenol present in chocolate) by the microflora in the colon (PMID: 12663291). mHPP is suspected to have antioxidants properties and is actively absorbed by the monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers (PMID: 15479001, 12663291). hMPP has been found to be a metabolite of Clostridium, Escherichia, and Eubacterium (PMID: 28393285, 19520845). 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid is a flavonoid metabolite. 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid is a phenolic acid metabolite formed by the gut microflora detected after the consumption of whole grain.', 'D': '5-Methylcytidine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine nucleosides. Pyrimidine nucleosides are compounds comprising a pyrimidine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety.'}",B
"What is the description of CE(18:2(9Z,12Z))?","{'A': 'N-alpha-Acetyl-L-citrulline, also known as N-acetylcitrulline, is an N-acetylated metabolite of citrulline that is part of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. Arginine biosynthesis is notable for its complexity and variability at the genetic level, and by its connection with several other pathways, such as pyrimidine and polyamine biosynthesis, and certain degradative pathways. The initial steps of the arginine biosynthetic pathways proceed via N-acetylated intermediates. The presumed reason for this is that the acetylation prevents the spontaneous cyclization of glutamate derivatives, which leads to proline biosynthesis. N-acetyl-L-ornithine can be transcarbamylated directly by the enzyme acetylornithine transcarbamylase, resulting in N-acetyl-L-citrulline. The enzyme acetylornithine deacetylase can accept N-acetyl-L-citrulline as a substrate and can deacetylate it into citrulline. N-alpha-Acetyl-L-citrulline is found in cases of deficiency of the urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthase (EC 6.3.4.5) that leads to increased concentrations of citrulline and N-acetylcitrulline in the urine (PMID: 14633929).', 'B': 'Cholesteryl linoleic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). Cholesteryl linoleate is contained in low density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic lesions. The oxidation products of cholesteryl linoleate may cause chronic inflammatory processes. (PMID 9684755, 11950694).', 'C': '7b-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5b-cholanoic acid was one of the bile acids present in significant proportions during early gestation, identified in amniotic fluid. (PMID 2373959). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'D': 'Xanthurenic acid, also known as xanthurenate or 8-hydroxykynurenic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as quinoline carboxylic acids. Quinoline carboxylic acids are quinolines in which the quinoline ring system is substituted by a carboxyl group at one or more positions. Xanthurenic acid is slightly soluble (in water). Xanthurenic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human epidermis tissue. Within the cell, xanthurenic acid is primarily located in the membrane. Xanthurenic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, xanthurenic acid is involved in the tryptophan metabolism. Moreover, xanthurenic acid is found to be associated with citrullinemia type I, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Xanthurenic acid is a metabolite from tryptophan catabolism. It is a substrate of the enzyme methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-) in pathway tryptophan metabolism (KEGG).'}",B
"What is the description of D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate?","{'A': 'D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate is a substrate for several proteins including inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase A, skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol phosphatase, and type I inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase.', 'B': ""Monomethyl glutaric acid, also known as 4-(methoxycarbonyl)butyrate or 2-methyleneglutarate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid methyl esters. Fatty acid methyl esters are compounds containing a fatty acid that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR', where R=fatty aliphatic tail or organyl group and R'=methyl group."", 'C': '3a,4b,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. 3a,4b,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid accounts for 5-15% of the total biliary bile acids in early gestation, has been identified in the feces from healthy newborn infants many days after birth, indicating a hepatic origin for C-4 hydroxylation of bile acids. PMID 2794778).', 'D': ""L-DOPA, also known as levodopa or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine is an alpha amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  L-DOPA is found naturally in both animals and plants. It is made via biosynthesis from the amino acid L-tyrosine by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase.. L-DOPA is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), which are collectively known as catecholamines. The Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson first showed in the 1950s that administering L-DOPA to animals with drug-induced (reserpine) Parkinsonian symptoms caused a reduction in the intensity of the animals' symptoms. Unlike dopamine itself, L-DOPA can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. In particular, it is metabolized to dopamine by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) is a required cofactor for this decarboxylation, and may be administered along with levodopa, usually as pyridoxine. As a result, L-DOPA is a drug that is now used for the treatment of Parkinsonian disorders and DOPA-Responsive Dystonia. It is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. It is standard clinical practice in treating Parkinsonism to co-administer a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor - carbidopa or benserazide - and often a catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor, to prevent synthesis of dopamine in peripheral tissue. Side effects of L-DOPA treatment may include: hypertension, arrhythmias, nausea, gastrointestinal bleeding, disturbed respiration, hair loss, disorientation and confusion. L-DOPA can act as an L-tyrosine mimetic and be incorporated into proteins by mammalian cells in place of L-tyrosine, generating protease-resistant and aggregate-prone proteins in vitro and may contribute to neurotoxicity with chronic L-DOPA administration. L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-DOPA are all precursors to the biological pigment melanin. The enzyme tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of L-DOPA to the reactive intermediate dopaquinone, which reacts further, eventually leading to melanin oligomers.""}",A
What is the description of Gluconolactone?,"{'A': 'Fructose, or levulose, is a levorotatory monosaccharide and an isomer of glucose (C6H12O6). Pure fructose has a sweet taste similar to cane sugar, but with a ""fruity"" aroma. Pure, dry fructose is a sweet, white, odorless, crystalline solid, and is the most water-soluble of all the sugars. Although fructose is a hexose (6-carbon sugar), it generally exists as a 5-member hemiketal ring (a furanose). This structure is responsible for the long metabolic pathway and high reactivity compared to glucose. Fructose is a reducing sugar, as are all monosaccharides. Fructose is found in many foods including honey, tree fruits, berries, melons, and some root vegetables, such as beets, sweet potatoes, parsnips, and onions. Commercially, fructose is derived from sugar cane, sugar beets, and maize. Fructose is also derived from the digestion of sucrose, a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose that is broken down by enzymes during digestion. Fructose is the sweetest naturally occurring sugar, estimated to be twice as sweet as sucrose. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding. Excessive consumption of fructose (especially from sugar-sweetened beverages) may contribute to insulin resistance, obesity, elevated LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, leading to metabolic syndrome (PMID: 26429086). Fructose exists in foods either as a monosaccharide (free fructose) or as a unit of a disaccharide (sucrose). Free fructose is absorbed directly by the intestine. When fructose is consumed in the form of sucrose, it is digested (broken down) and then absorbed as free fructose. As sucrose comes into contact with the membrane of the small intestine, the enzyme sucrase catalyzes the cleavage of sucrose to yield one glucose unit and one fructose unit, which are then each absorbed. After absorption, it enters the hepatic portal vein and is directed toward the liver. fructose absorption occurs on the mucosal membrane via facilitated transport involving GLUT5 transport proteins. Since the concentration of fructose is higher in the lumen, fructose is able to flow down a concentration gradient into the enterocytes, assisted by transport proteins. Fructose may be transported out of the enterocyte across the basolateral membrane by either GLUT2 or GLUT5, although the GLUT2 transporter has a greater capacity for transporting fructose, and, therefore, the majority of fructose is transported out of the enterocyte through GLUT2. The catabolism of fructose is sometimes referred to as fructolysis. In fructolysis, the enzyme fructokinase produces fructose 1-phosphate, which is split by aldolase B to produce the trioses dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde.  Unlike glycolysis, in fructolysis the triose glyceraldehyde lacks a phosphate group. A third enzyme, triokinase, is therefore required to phosphorylate glyceraldehyde, producing glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The resulting trioses can enter the gluconeogenic pathway for glucose or glycogen synthesis, or be further catabolized through the lower glycolytic pathway to pyruvate. Fructose metabolism leads to significant increases of plasma uric acid levels (PMID: 28420204). In fructolysis, fructose 1-phosphate accumulates, and intracellular phosphate decreases. This decrease stimulates AMP deaminase (AMPD), which catalyzes the degradation of AMP to inosine monophosphate, increasing the rate of purine degradation (PMID: 28420204). The purine degradation produces uric acid and generates mitochondrial oxidants. Mitochondrial oxidative stress then induces aconitase inhibition in the Krebs cycle, with accumulation of citrate and stimulation of ATP citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase (PMID: 28420204). The result is de novo lipogenesis and hepatic fat accumulation. Physiologically, the increase in intracellular uric acid is followed by an acute rise in circulating levels of uric acid, which is likely due to its release from the liver. Fructose also stimulates uric acid synthesis from amino acid precursors such as glycine. Moreover, long-term fructose administration suppresses renal excretion of uric acid, resulting in elevated serum uric acid levels.', 'B': 'Gluconolactone, also known as glucono-delta-lactone or GDL (gluconate), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluconolactones. These are polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) containing a gluconolactone molecule, which is characterized by a tetrahydropyran substituted by three hydroxyl groups, one ketone group, and one hydroxymethyl group. Gluconolactone is a lactone of D-gluconic acid. Gluconolactone can be produced by enzymatic oxidation of D-glucose via the enzyme glucose oxidase. It is a fundamental metabolite found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Gluconolactone has metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activities. Its ability in free radicals scavenging accounts for its antioxidant properties. Gluconolactone, is also used as a food additive with the E-number E575. In foods it is used as a sequestrant, an acidifier or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. Gluconolactone is also used as a coagulant in tofu processing. Gluconolactone is widely used as a skin exfoliant in cosmetic products, where it is noted for its mild exfoliating and hydrating properties. Pure gluconolactone is a white odorless crystalline powder. It is pH-neutral, but hydrolyses in water to gluconic acid which is acidic, adding a tangy taste to foods. Gluconic acid has roughly a third of the sourness of citric acid. One gram of gluconolactone yields roughly the same amount of metabolic energy as one gram of sugar.', 'C': 'Hydroxyoctanoic acid medium chain substrate of the 2-hydroxy acid oxidases associated with the 3 distinct human 2-hydroxy acid oxidase genes, HAOX1, HAOX2, and HAOX3. (PMID: 10777549).', 'D': ""Deoxyguanosine, also known as dG, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a purine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2’. Deoxyguanosine is a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose. Deoxyguanosine is one of the four deoxyribonucleosides that make up DNA. Deoxyguanosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Deoxyguanosine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, deoxyguanosine can be biosynthesized from 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate through the enzyme known as cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase. In addition, deoxyguanosine can be converted into 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate (dGMP); which is mediated by the enzyme deoxyguanosine kinase. Deoxyguanosine is involved in the rare, inherited metabolic disorder called the purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency (PNP deficiency). In particular PNP deficiency is characterized by elevated levels of dGTP (deoxyguanosine triphosphate). PNP accounts for approximately 4% of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (PMID: 1931007). PNP-deficient patients suffer from recurrent infections, usually beginning in the first year of life. Two thirds of patients have evidence of neurologic disorders with spasticity, developmental delay and mental retardation. Deoxyguanosine can be converted to 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) due to hydroxyl radical attack at the C8 of guanine. 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine is a sensitive marker of the DNA damage This damage, if left unrepaired, has been proposed to contribute to mutagenicity and cancer promotion.""}",B
What is the description of Homocitrulline?,"{'A': 'Homocitrulline is a metabolite that can be detected in larger amounts in the urine of individuals with urea cycle disorders (OMIM 238970). The accumulation of carbamylphosphate due to depleted supply of ornithine for the urea cycle may be responsible for the enhanced synthesis of homocitrulline and homoarginine in some cases (PMID 2474087). Homocitrulline has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212).', 'B': 'Iodotyrosine is an iodated derivative of L-tyrosine. This is an early precursor to L-thyroxine, one of the primary thyroid hormones. In the thyroid gland, iodide is trapped, transported, and concentrated in the follicular lumen for thyroid hormone synthesis. Before trapped iodide can react with tyrosine residues, it must be oxidized by thyroid peroxidase. Iodotyrosine is made from tyrosine via thyroid peroxidase and then further iodinated by this enzyme to make the di-iodo and tri-iodo variants. Two molecules of di-iodotyrosine combine to form T4, and one molecule of mono-iodotyrosine combines with one molecule of di-iodotyrosine to form T3.', 'C': ""Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestagens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestagen. Progesterone's reproductive function serves to convert the endometrium to its secretory stage to prepare the uterus for implantation. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels will decrease leading to menstruation in the human. Normal menstrual bleeding is a progesterone withdrawal bleeding. During implantation and gestation, progesterone appears to decrease the maternal immune response to allow for the acceptance of the pregnancy. Progesterone decreases contractility of the uterine musculature. The fetus metabolizes placental progesterone in the production of adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids. A drop in progesterone levels is possibly one step that facilitates the onset of labor. In addition, progesterone inhibits lactation during pregnancy. The fall in progesterone levels following delivery is one of the triggers for milk production. Progesterone has an effect upon vaginal epithelium and cervical mucus."", 'D': '3b,4b,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues.'}",A
What is the description of 3-Sulfinoalanine?,"{'A': ""Glycogen is a highly-branched polymer of about 30,000 glucose residues. The simplest structure of glycogen is made up of four units of glucose with an approximate molecular weight of 666 daltons. However, large molecules of glycogen can reach molecular weights in the order of 5 million Da. Most of the glucose units are linked together by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, and approximately 1 in 12 glucose residues also form a 1,6 glycosidic bond with a second glucose, resulting in the creation of a branch. Glycogen only has one reducing end and a large number of non-reducing ends with a free hydroxyl group at carbon 4. The glycogen granules contain both glycogen and the enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) and degradation (glycogenolysis). The enzymes are nested between the outer branches of the glycogen molecules and act on the non-reducing ends. Therefore, the many non-reducing end-branches of glycogen facilitate its rapid synthesis and breakdown. In hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin, liver glycogen levels are high, but the high insulin level prevents the necessary glycogenolysis to take place to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a common treatment for this type of hypoglycemia. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose (Glc) in animal cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol in many cell types. Hepatocytes (liver cells) have the highest concentration of it - up to 8% of the fresh weight in well fed state, or 100 to 120 g in an adult - giving liver a distinctive, 'starchy taste'. In the muscles, glycogen is found in a much lower concentration (1% of the muscle mass), but the total amount exceeds that in liver. Small amounts of glycogen are found in the kidneys, and even smaller amounts in certain glial cells in the brain and white blood cells."", 'B': '3-Sulfinoalanine or cysteinesulfinic acid is an N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist. It is a product of cysteine dioxygenase or CDO (EC 1.13.11.20). In humans, cysteine catabolism is tightly regulated via regulation of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) levels in the liver, with the turnover of CDO protein being dramatically decreased when intracellular cysteine levels increase. This occurs in response to changes in the intracellular cysteine concentration via changes in the rate of CDO ubiquitination and degradation. Expressed at high levels in the liver with lower levels in the kidney, brain, and lung, cysteine dioxygenase catalyzes the addition of molecular oxygen to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine, yielding cysteinesulfinic acid. The oxidative catabolism of cysteine to cysteinesulfinate by CDO represents an irreversible loss of cysteine from the free amino acid pool. Once generated, cysteinesulfinate is shuttled into several pathways including hypotaurine/taurine synthesis, sulfite/sulfate production, and the generation of pyruvate.', 'C': '3-Methyladipic acid is a metabolite of the catabolism of phytanic acid. Patients with adult Refsums disease (ARD) are unable to detoxify phytanic acid by alpha-oxidation, and so the w-oxidation pathway is the only metabolic pathway available for phytanic acid degradation. This pathway produces 3-methyladipic acid as the final metabolite, which is excreted in the urine (Wanders et al. 2001). Activity of the w-oxidation pathway is approximately doubled in ARD patients compared with normal individuals (PMID: 11948235).', 'D': '(R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (3-HIBA) is an organic acid. The chiral metabolites 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) and 3-aminoisobutyric acid (AIBA) are intermediates in the pathways of L-valine and thymine and play an important role in the diagnosis of the very rare inherited metabolic diseases 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (OMIM: 236795) and methylmalonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (OMIM: 603178) (PMID: 10686279). (R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212).'}",B
What is the description of Isobutyryl-L-carnitine?,"{'A': 'Dodecanedioic acid is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid containing 12 carbon atoms. More formally it is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid with both the first and last carbons of the aliphatic chain having carboxylic acids. Dodecanedioic acid is water soluble. It can be produced in yeast and fungi through the oxidation of dodecane via fungal peroxygenases (PMID: 27573441). High levels of dodecanedioic acid is an indicator of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT IA) deficiency (PMID: 16146704). CPT IA deficiency is characterized by hypoketotic dicarboxylic aciduria with high urinary levels of dodecanedioic acid. It is thought that carnitine palmitoyltransferase I may play a role in the uptake of long-chain dicarboxylic acids by mitochondria after their initial shortening by beta-oxidation in peroxisomes (PMID: 16146704). CPT IA deficiency is characterized by acute encephalopathy with hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly.', 'B': 'Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an isobutyric acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy.\xa0 This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is therefore classified as a short chain AC. As a short-chain acylcarnitine isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a member of the most abundant group of carnitines in the body, comprising more than 50% of all acylcarnitines quantified in tissues and biofluids (PMID: 31920980). Some short-chain carnitines have been studied as supplements or treatments for a number of diseases, including neurological disorders and inborn errors of metabolism. In particular isobutyryl-L-carnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with isobutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 20591710), glutaric aciduria type 2 (PMID: 20591710), ethylmalonic encephalopathy (PMID: 20591710), and gestational diabetes mellitus (PMID: 29626588). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with traumatic brain injury (PMID: 23560894). Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is elevated in the urine of individuals with glutaric aciduria type 2 (PMID: 2288224), multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (PMID: 3383426), and acute coronary syndrome (PMID: 30316136). Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT, EC:2.3.1.7) is responsible for the synthesis of all short-chain and short branched-chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 23485643). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].', 'C': 'Threonic acid, also known as threonate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because L-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (PMID:21034532). Threonic acid is probably derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. It is a normal component in aqueous humour and blood (PMID:10420182). Threonic acid is a substrate of L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.129) in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway (KEGG). It has been found to be a microbial metabolite (PMID:20615997).', 'D': ""5-hydroxyhexanoic acid is produced during omega-oxidation of fatty acids in people unable to beta-oxidize fatty acids properly. Excessive excretion of 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid appears to be a part of Reye's syndrome.""}",B
What is the description of Butanone?,"{'A': 'Gentisic acid, also known as gentisate or 2,5-dioxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. Gentisic acid is also classified as a dihydroxybenzoic acid.  It is a derivative of benzoic acid and a minor (1%) product of the metabolic break down of aspirin, which is excreted by the kidneys. Gentisic acid is found in essentially all organisms ranging from bacteria to fungi to plants to animals. Gentisic acid has been associated with a number of useful effects on human health and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antigenotoxic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and especially antioxidant activities (PMID: 31825145). It is widely distributed in plants as a secondary plant product such as Gentiana spp., Citrus spp., Vitis vinifera, Pterocarpus santalinus, Helianthus tuberosus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Olea europaea, and Sesamum indicum and in fruits such as avocados, batoko plum, kiwi fruits, apple, bitter melon, black berries, pears, and some mushrooms (PMID: 31825145). Gentisic acid is found in higher concentrations in a number of foods such as tarragons, common thymes, and common sages and in a lower concentration in grape wines, rosemaries, and sweet marjorams. Gentisic acid has also been shown to act as a pathogen-inducible signal for the activation of plant defenses in tomato plants and cucumbers (PMID: 16321412; https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.3.227).', 'B': '5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity.', 'C': '2-Furoylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:. acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. Dietary studies show that 2-Furoylglycine precursors are of exogenous origin. Most probably from furan derivatives found in food prepared by strong heating. This may explain the absence of 2-furoylglycine in urine of breastfed children (PMID 4630229). 2-Furoylglycine is also a microbial metabolite.', 'D': 'Butanone occurs as a natural product. It is made by some trees and found in some fruits and vegetables in small amounts. It is also released to the air from car and truck exhausts. The known health effects to people from exposure to butanone are irritation of the nose, throat, skin, and eyes. (wikipedia).'}",D
What is the description of 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid?,"{'A': 'Glycocholic acid is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment.  Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Lactobacillus are involved in bile acid metabolism and produce glycocholic acid (PMID: 6265737; 10629797). In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct therefore exist in a glycine conjugated form (PMID: 16949895). More specifically, glycocholic acid or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. Its anion is called glycocholate. As the glycine conjugate of cholic acid, this compound acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed (PubChem). Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Glycocholic acid is found to be associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.', 'B': '3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic (hMPP) acid is one of the major metabolites of ingested caffeic acid (PMID: 15479001) and of the phenolic degradation products of proanthocyanidins (the most abundant polyphenol present in chocolate) by the microflora in the colon (PMID: 12663291). mHPP is suspected to have antioxidants properties and is actively absorbed by the monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers (PMID: 15479001, 12663291). hMPP has been found to be a metabolite of Clostridium, Escherichia, and Eubacterium (PMID: 28393285, 19520845). 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid is a flavonoid metabolite. 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid is a phenolic acid metabolite formed by the gut microflora detected after the consumption of whole grain.', 'C': '(R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (3-HIBA) is an organic acid. The chiral metabolites 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) and 3-aminoisobutyric acid (AIBA) are intermediates in the pathways of L-valine and thymine and play an important role in the diagnosis of the very rare inherited metabolic diseases 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (OMIM: 236795) and methylmalonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (OMIM: 603178) (PMID: 10686279). (R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212).', 'D': 'Cholesterol sulfate, or cholest-5-en-3beta-ol sulfate, is an endogenous steroid and the C3beta sulfate ester of cholesterol. It is formed from cholesterol by steroid sulfotransferases (SSTs) such as SULT2B1b (also known as cholesterol sulfotransferase) and is converted back into cholesterol by steroid sulfatase (STS). Accumulation of cholesterol sulfate in the skin is implicated in the pathophysiology of X-linked ichthyosis, a congenital disorder in which STS is non-functional and the body cannot convert cholesterol sulfate back into cholesterol. Cholesterol sulfate is quantitatively the most important known sterol sulfate in human plasma, where it is present in a concentration that overlaps that of the other abundant circulating steroid sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate (PMID 12730293). Cholesterol sulfate has a stabilizing function on the membrane, supports platelet adhesion and is involved in signal transduction (PMID 12730293). It plays a role in protecting erythrocytes from osmotic lysis and regulating sperm capacitation. Cholesterol sulfate can regulate the activity of serine proteases, e.g., those involved in blood clotting, fibrinolysis, and epidermal cell adhesion (PMID 12730293). As a result of its ability to regulate the activity of selective protein kinase C isoforms and modulate the specificity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, cholesterol sulfate is involved in signal transduction (PMID 12730293). Cholesterol sulfate functions in keratinocyte differentiation, inducing genes that encode for key components involved in development of the barrier (PMID 12730293).'}",B
What is the description of Pyridine?,"{'A': ""Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland to regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood. Specifically, it regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. It is synthesized from cholesterol by aldosterone synthase, which is absent in other sections of the adrenal gland. It is the sole endogenous member of the class of mineralocorticoids. Aldosterone increases the permeability of the apical (luminal) membrane of the kidney's collecting ducts to potassium and sodium and activates their basolateral Na+/K+ pumps, stimulating ATP hydrolysis, reabsorbing sodium (Na+) ions and water into the blood, and excreting potassium (K+) ions into the urine."", 'B': '5alpha-Cholestanone, also known as 5α-cholestanone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, 5alpha-cholestanone is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. 5alpha-Cholestanone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.', 'C': '(S)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a normal human metabolite that has been found elevated in geriatric patients remitting from depression (PMID: 17048218). 3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a ketone body. Like the other ketone bodies (acetoacetate and acetone), levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid are raised in ketosis. In humans, 3-hydroxybutyric acid is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA, and can be used as an energy source by the brain when blood glucose is low.', 'D': 'Pyridine is a clear liquid with an odor that is sour, putrid, and fish-like. It is a relatively simple heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that is structurally related to benzene, with one CH group in the six-membered ring replaced by a nitrogen atom. Pyridine is obtained from crude coal tar or is synthesized from acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and ammonia. Pyridine is often used as a denaturant for antifreeze mixtures, for ethyl alcohol, for fungicides, and as a dyeing aid for textiles. It is a harmful substance if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin. In particular, it is known to reduce male fertility and is considered carcinogenic. Common symptoms of acute exposure to pyridine include: headache, coughing, asthmatic breathing, laryngitis, nausea and vomiting. -- Wikipedia.'}",D
What is the description of Linoleic acid?,"{'A': 'Linoleic acid is a doubly unsaturated fatty acid, also known as an omega-6 fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. In this particular polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), the first double bond is located between the sixth and seventh carbon atom from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n-6). Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid in human nutrition because it cannot be synthesized by humans. It is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (via arachidonic acid) and cell membranes (From Stedman, 26th ed). Linoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism.', 'B': ""Isovalerylcarnitine is the phenotypic abnormality in isovaleric acidemia (OMIM 243500) resulting from an accumulation of isovaleric acid, which is toxic to the central nervous system. Isovaleric acidemia is an autosomal recessive inborn error of leucine metabolism caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.10) resulting in the accumulation of derivatives of isovaleryl-CoA. It was the first organic acidemia recognized in humans and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment with a protein restricted diet and supplementation with carnitine and glycine are effective in promoting normal development in severely affected individuals. An alternative pathway through glycine-N-acylase (EC 2.3.1.13) allows detoxification by producing isovalerylglycine, which is excreted. Thus, isovalerylcarnitine and isovalerylglycine are the hallmarks of this disorder in plasma and urine, respectively, and are elevated regardless of a patient's metabolic condition (PMID: 16602101). Moreover, isovalerylcarnitine is found to be associated with celiac disease and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD), which are also inborn errors of metabolism."", 'C': 'Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59–75% of pecan oil, 61% of canola oil, 36–67% of peanut oil, 60% of macadamia oil, 20–80% of sunflower oil, 15–20% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40% of sesame oil, and 14% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80%) and canola oil (70%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent.', 'D': 'Estriol is a metabolite of estrone metabolized via 16alpha-hydroxyestrone through the enzyme 16alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.147) or to 2- or 4-hydroxyestrone (catechol estrogens) by the action of catecho-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6). The latter metabolites can be formed in the brain and may compete with receptors for catecholamines. Metabolites are conjugated with sulfate or glucuronide before excretion by the kidney. During pregnancy, estriol constitutes 60-70% of the total estrogens, increasing to 300-500-fold in relation to non-pregnant women. The late term human fetus produces relatively large amounts of 16 alphahydroxy DHEA, which serves the mother as a precursor of estriol. It has been shown that 90% of the precursors for the formation of estriol are of fetal origin. If abnormal maternal serum screening results, specifically low levels of unconjugated estriol in the second trimester are detected, a diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS),or RSH is suspected. SLOS is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of the gene encoding 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.21, DHCR7). (PMID: 16202579, 16112271, 16097001).'}",A
What is the description of Tetrahydrocorticosterone?,"{'A': ""Glutathione is a compound synthesized from cysteine, perhaps the most important member of the body's toxic waste disposal team. Like cysteine, glutathione contains the crucial thiol (-SH) group that makes it an effective antioxidant. There are virtually no living organisms on this planet-animal or plant whose cells don't contain some glutathione. Scientists have speculated that glutathione was essential to the very development of life on earth. glutathione has many roles; in none does it act alone. It is a coenzyme in various enzymatic reactions. The most important of these are redox reactions, in which the thiol grouping on the cysteine portion of cell membranes protects against peroxidation; and conjugation reactions, in which glutathione (especially in the liver) binds with toxic chemicals in order to detoxify them. glutathione is also important in red and white blood cell formation and throughout the immune system. glutathione's clinical uses include the prevention of oxygen toxicity in hyperbaric oxygen therapy, treatment of lead and other heavy metal poisoning, lowering of the toxicity of chemotherapy and radiation in cancer treatments, and reversal of cataracts. (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/) glutathione participates in leukotriene synthesis and is a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. It is also important as a hydrophilic molecule that is added to lipophilic toxins and waste in the liver during biotransformation before they can become part of the bile. glutathione is also needed for the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a toxin produced as a by-product of metabolism. This detoxification reaction is carried out by the glyoxalase system. Glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5) catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione to S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione. Glyoxalase II (EC 3.1.2.6) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione to glutathione and D-lactate. GSH is known as a substrate in both conjugation reactions and reduction reactions, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase enzymes in cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria. However, it is also capable of participating in non-enzymatic conjugation with some chemicals, as in the case of n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), the reactive cytochrome P450-reactive metabolite formed by acetaminophen, that becomes toxic when GSH is depleted by an overdose (of acetaminophen). glutathione in this capacity binds to NAPQI as a suicide substrate and in the process detoxifies it, taking the place of cellular protein thiol groups which would otherwise be covalently modified; when all GSH has been spent, NAPQI begins to react with the cellular proteins, killing the cells in the process. The preferred treatment for an overdose of this painkiller is the administration (usually in atomized form) of N-acetylcysteine, which is used by cells to replace spent GSSG and renew the usable GSH pool. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glutathione)."", 'B': '3D,7D,11D-Phytanic acid is an isomer of Phytanic acid, an unusual 20-carbon branched-chain fatty acid; Phytanic acid accumulates in blood and tissues of patients with Refsum disease (RD, an inborn error of lipid metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait (OMIM 266500)), and is a reliable identifier of RD from a large number of other neurological disorders. Phytanic acid also accumulates in a number of other disorders with a very different clinical course: disorders of peroxisome biogenesis (Zellweger syndrome (OMIM 214100), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (OMIM 202370), infantile Refsum disease (OMIM 266510)) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 1 (OMIM 215100). Phytanic acid is a 3-methyl fatty acid that cannot be beta-oxidized directly, and first undergoes an alpha-oxidation a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase, which is deficient in RD, the only true disorder of phytanic acid alpha-oxidation. (The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease).', 'C': 'Tetrahydrocorticosterone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. Thus, tetrahydrocorticosterone is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Tetrahydrocorticosterone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Tetrahydrocorticosterone is one of the major urinary metabolites from corticosterone. Premenopausal patients with early breast cancer excrete subnormal amounts of tetrahydrocorticosterone as compared with the normal subjects of corresponding ages (PMID: 1133844).', 'D': 'Desmosine is formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring. Elastin molecules aggregate in the extracellular space where they are crosslinked by stable desmosine bridges. The resulting polymer is structurally organized as branched fibers and lamellae, which, in skin, are wider (a few microns) in the deep dermis and become progressively thinner (fraction of a micron) towards the papillary dermis. Several general and local factors seem to regulate elastin gene expression, deposition and degradation. (PMID: 9297692). Desmosines are crosslinking amino acids unique to mature elastin in humans. Owing to this unicity, they have been discussed as potentially indicators of connective tissue disorders whose clinical manifestations are mostly the result of elastin degradation. (PMID: 17390614). Emphysema (Pulmonary emphysema is a devastating disease for which there is no effective treatment) is associated with degradation of elastic fibers (PMID: 14704646). It has been shown that the urinary concentration of elastin specific crosslinks, desmosine correlates well with liver fibrosis score in biopsy specimens from patients with liver disease secondary to hepatitis C virus and alcohol. (PMID: 10996125).'}",C
What is the description of Glycerol?,"{'A': 'Guanidoacetic acid (GAA), also known as guanidinoacetate or glycocyamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Guanidinoacetic acid was first prepared in 1861 by Adolph Strecker by reaction of cyanamide with glycine in aqueous solution. Manufactured guanidinoacetic acid is primarily used a feed additive approved by EFSA in poultry farming (for fattening), and pigs for fattening. Guanidoacetic acid exists naturally in all vertebrates. It is formed primarily in the kidneys by transferring the guanidine group of L-arginine to the amino acid glycine via the enzyme known as L-Arg:Gly-amidinotransferase (AGAT). In a further step, guanidinoacetate is methylated to generate creatine using S-adenosyl methionine (as the methyl donor) via the enzyme known as guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT). The resulting creatine is released into the bloodstream. Elevated levels of guanidoacetic acid are a characteristic of an inborn metabolic disorder known as Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase (GAMT) Deficiency. GAMT converts guanidinoacetate to creatine and deficiency of this enzyme results in creatine depletion and accumulation of guanidinoacetate The disorder is transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion and is localized to mutations on chromosome 19p13.3. GAMT deficiency is characterized by developmental arrest, medication-resistant epilepsy (myoclonic, generalized tonic-clonic, partial complex, atonic), severe speech impairment, progressive dystonia, dyskinesias, hypotonia, ataxia, and autistic-like behavior.', 'B': 'Salicyluric acid is an aryl glycine conjugate formed by the body to eliminate excess salicylates, including aspirin. Aspirin is rapidly hydrolysed to salicylic acid which is further metabolized to various compounds, including salicyluric acid (SU) as well as various acyl and phenolic glucuronides, and hydroxylated metabolites. SU is the major metabolite of SA excreted in urine and it is present in the urine of people who have not taken salicylate drugs, although it has no anti-inflammatory effects in humans or in animals. More salicyluric acid (SU) is excreted in the urine of vegetarians than in non-vegetarians, primarily because fruits and vegetables are important sources of dietary salicylates. However, significantly less (10-15X) SU is excreted by vegetarians than individuals taking low-dose aspirin (PMID: 12944546). The induction of the salicyluric acid formation is one of the saturable pathways of salicylate elimination. The formation of the methyl ester of salicyluric acid is observed during the quantitation of salicyluric acid and other salicylate metabolites in urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. This methyl ester formation causes artificially low values for salicyluric acid and high values for salicylic acid. (PMID: 6101164, 6857178). Salicyluric acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite.', 'C': 'Pipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF. However, it is uncertain if pipecolic acid originates directly from food intake or from mammalian or intestinal bacterial enzyme metabolism. Recent studies suggest that plasma pipecolic acid, particularly the D-isomer, originates mainly from the catabolism of dietary lysine by intestinal bacteria rather than by direct food intake. In classic Zellweger syndrome (a cerebro-hepato-renal genetic disorder, OMIM 214100) pipecolic acid accumulate in the plasma of the patients. It is known that plasma pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Pipecolic acid is moderately elevated in patients with pyridoxine-dependent seizures and might therefore be a possible biochemical marker for selecting candidates for pyridoxine therapy (Plecko et al 2000). Pipecolic acid was also elevated in CSF in these vitamin B6-responsive patients (PMID 12705501). Pipecolic acid is found to be associated with adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum disease, and peroxisomal biogenesis defect, which are also inborn errors of metabolism. Pipecolic acid is a biomarker for the consumption of dried and cooked beans.', 'D': 'Glycerol or glycerin is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and mostly non-toxic. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant and in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol is an important component of triglycerides (i.e. fats and oils) and of phospholipids. Glycerol is a three-carbon substance that forms the backbone of fatty acids in fats. When the body uses stored fat as a source of energy, glycerol and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream. The glycerol component can be converted into glucose by the liver and provides energy for cellular metabolism. Normally, glycerol shows very little acute toxicity and very high oral doses or acute exposures can be tolerated. On the other hand, chronically high levels of glycerol in the blood are associated with glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD). GKD causes the condition known as hyperglycerolemia, an accumulation of glycerol in the blood and urine. There are three clinically distinct forms of GKD: infantile, juvenile, and adult. The infantile form is the most severe and is associated with vomiting, lethargy, severe developmental delay, and adrenal insufficiency. The mechanisms of glycerol toxicity in infants are not known, but it appears to shift metabolism towards chronic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated GKD. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. Patients with the adult form of GKD generally have no symptoms and are often detected fortuitously.'}",D
What is the description of Coproporphyrin I?,"{'A': 'The neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor. Although the role of THDOC within the brain is undefined, recent studies indicate that stress induces THDOC to levels that can activate GABA(A) receptors. These results might have significant implications for human stress-sensitive conditions such as epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. (PMID 12628349).', 'B': 'Coproporphyrin I is a porphyrin metabolite arising from heme synthesis. Porphyrins are pigments found in both animal and plant life. Coproporphyrin I is a tetrapyrrole dead-end product from the spontaneous oxidation of the methylene bridges of coproporphynogen, arising from heme synthesis and secreted in feces and urine. Increased levels of coproporphyrins can indicate congenital erythropoietic porphyria or sideroblastic anaemia. Porphyria is a pathological state characterised by abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism and results in the excretion of large quantities of porphyrins in the urine and in extreme sensitivity to light. A large number of factors are capable of increasing porphyrin excretion, owing to different and multiple causes and etiologies: 1) the main site of the chronic hepatic porphyria disease process concentrates on the liver, 2) a functional and morphologic liver injury is almost regularly associated with this chronic porphyria, 3) the toxic form due to occupational and environmental exposure takes mainly a subclinical course. Hepatic factors includes disturbance in coproporphyrinogen metabolism, which results from inhibition of coproporphyrinogen oxidase as well as from the rapid loss from, and diminished utilization of coproporphyrinogen in the hepatocytes, which may also explain why coproporphyrin, its autoxidation product, predominates physiologically in the urine; decreased biliary excretion of coproporphyrin leading to a compensatory urinary excretion, so that the coproporphyrin ring isomer ratio (1:III) becomes a sensitive index for impaired liver function and intrahepatic cholestasis; and disturbed activity of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. In itself, secondary coproporphyrinuria is not associated with porphyria symptoms of a hepatologic-gastroenterologic, neurologic, or dermatologic order, even though coproporphyrinuria can occur with such symptoms. (PMID: 3327428).', 'C': 'Pentacarboxylporphyrin I is a bile product that arises from the conversion of Pentacarboxylporphyrinogen I to Pentacarboxylporphyrin I by porphyrinogen carboxy-lyase (EC 4.1.1.37).', 'D': 'Isoferulic acid (CAS: 537-73-5) is a chlorogenic acid (CGA). CGAs are formed by the esterification of hydroxycinnamic acids (e.g. caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid) with quinic acid. CGAs are abundant phenolic compounds in coffee, with caffeoylquinic (CQA), feruloylquinic (FQA), and dicaffeoylquinic (diCQA) acids being the major subclasses, and coffee is the most consumed food product in the world. Isoferulic acid is present in normal human urine in concentrations of 0.05-2.07 umol/mmol creatinine at baseline, and reaches 0.2-9.6 umol/mmol creatinine in four hours after a cup of coffee, with a large inter-individual variation (PMID:17884997).'}",B
What is the description of beta-Carotene?,"{'A': ""Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis."", 'B': 'Threonic acid, also known as threonate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because L-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (PMID:21034532). Threonic acid is probably derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. It is a normal component in aqueous humour and blood (PMID:10420182). Threonic acid is a substrate of L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.129) in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway (KEGG). It has been found to be a microbial metabolite (PMID:20615997).', 'C': 'Sodium ions are necessary for regulation of blood and body fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and certain metabolic functions. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Sodium is needed by animals, which maintain high concentrations in their blood and extracellular fluids, but the ion is not needed by plants. The human requirement for sodium in the diet is less than 500 mg per day, which is typically less than a tenth as much as many diets ""seasoned to taste."" Most people consume far more sodium than is physiologically needed. For certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative effect on health.', 'D': '3b,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5a-Cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. 3b,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5a-Cholanoic acid has been identified in the bile, plasma and urine of patients with delta 4-3-oxosteroid 5 beta-reductase deficiency with neonatal hepatitis, an inborn error in bile acid synthesis. (PMID 3198770).'}",A
What is the description of N-Acetylneuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'Chenodeoxycholic acid disulfate is a bile acid derviative. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': '7b-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5b-cholanoic acid was one of the bile acids present in significant proportions during early gestation, identified in amniotic fluid. (PMID 2373959). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'C': 'N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) (CAS: 131-48-6), also known as sialic acid, is an acetyl derivative of the amino sugar neuraminic acid. It occurs in many glycoproteins, glycolipids, and polysaccharides in both mammals and bacteria. The most abundant sialic acid, NeuAc, is synthesized in vivo from N-acetylated D-mannosamine (ManNAc) or D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). NeuAc and its activated form, CMP-NeuAc, are biosynthesized in five consecutive reactions that form the intermediates UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), ManNAc 6-phosphate, NeuAc 9-phosphate, and CMP-NeuAc. CMP-NeuAc is transported into the Golgi apparatus and, with the aid of specific sialyltransferases, added onto nonreducing positions on oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. NeuAc is widely distributed throughout human tissues and found in several fluids, including serum, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, urine, amniotic fluid, and breast milk. It is found in high levels in the brain, adrenal glands, and the heart. Serum and urine levels of the free acid are elevated in individuals suffering from renal failure. Serum and saliva Neu5Ac levels are also elevated in alcoholics. A genetic disorder known as Salla disease or infantile NeuAc storage disease is also characterized by high serum and urine levels of this compound. The negative charge is responsible for the slippery feel of saliva and mucins coating the body\'s organs. This particular sialic acid is known to act as a ""decoy"""" for invading pathogens. Along with involvement in preventing infections (mucus associated with mucous membranes — mouth, nose, GI, respiratory tract), Neu5Ac acts as a receptor for influenza viruses, allowing attachment to mucous cells via hemagglutinin (an early step in acquiring influenzavirus infection). NeuAc is also becoming known as an agent necessary for mediating ganglioside distribution and structures in the brain. Sialic acid (SA) is an N-acetylated derivative of neuraminic acid that is an abundant terminal monosaccharide of glycoconjugates. Normal human serum SA is largely bound to glycoproteins or glycolipids (total sialic acid (TSA): 1.5-2.5 mmol/L), with small amounts of free SA (1-3 umol/L). Negatively charged SA units stabilize glycoprotein conformation in cell surface receptors to increase cell rigidity. This enables signal recognition and adhesion to ligands, antibodies, enzymes, and microbes. SA residues are antigenic determinant residues in carbohydrate chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins, chemical messengers in tissue and body fluids, and may regulate glomeruli basement membrane permeability. Sialic acids are structurally unique nine-carbon keto sugars occupying the interface between the host and commensal or pathogenic microorganisms. An important function of host sialic acid is to regulate innate immunity. Sialic acid is the moiety most actively recycled for metabolic purposes in the salvage pathways in glycosphingolipid metabolism. Sialic acid is indispensable for the neuritogenic activities of ganglioside constituents which are unique in that a sialic acid directly binds to the glucose of the cerebroside, they are mutually connected in tandem, and some are located in the internal parts of the sugar chain. Sialylation (sialic acid linked to galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, or another sialic acid) represents one of the most frequently occurring terminations of the oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The biosynthesis of the various linkages is mediated by the different members of the sialyltransferase family (PMID: 11425186, 11287396, 12770781, 16624269, 12510390, 15007099).', 'D': ""Lysine (Lys), also known as L-lysine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Lysine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Lysine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals.  It is classified as an aliphatic, positively charged or basic amino acid. In humans, lysine is an essential amino acid, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet.  Lysine is high in foods such as wheat germ, cottage cheese and chicken. Of meat products, wild game and pork have the highest concentration of lysine. Fruits and vegetables contain little lysine, except avocados. Normal requirements for lysine have been found to be about 8 g per day or 12 mg/kg in adults. Children and infants need more, 44 mg/kg per day for an eleven to-twelve-year old, and 97 mg/kg per day for three-to six-month old. In organisms that synthesise lysine, it has two main biosynthetic pathways, the diaminopimelate and Œ±-aminoadipate pathways, which employ distinct enzymes and substrates and are found in diverse organisms. Lysine catabolism occurs through one of several pathways, the most common of which is the saccharopine pathway. Lysine plays several roles in humans, most importantly proteinogenesis, but also in the crosslinking of collagen polypeptides, uptake of essential mineral nutrients, and in the production of carnitine, which is key in fatty acid metabolism. Lysine is also often involved in histone modifications, and thus, impacts the epigenome. Lysine is highly concentrated in muscle compared to most other amino acids. Normal lysine metabolism is dependent upon many nutrients including niacin, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin C, glutamic acid and iron. Excess arginine antagonizes lysine. Several inborn errors of lysine metabolism are known, such as cystinuria, hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I, lysinuric protein intolerance, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia I. Most are marked by mental retardation with occasional diverse symptoms such as absence of secondary sex characteristics, undescended testes, abnormal facial structure, anemia, obesity, enlarged liver and spleen, and eye muscle imbalance. Lysine also may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of osteoporosis. Although high protein diets result in loss of large amounts of calcium in urine, so does lysine deficiency. Lysine may be an adjunct therapy because it reduces calcium losses in urine. Lysine deficiency also may result in immunodeficiency. Requirements for lysine are probably increased by stress. Lysine toxicity has not occurred with oral doses in humans. Lysine dosages are presently too small and may fail to reach the concentrations necessary to prove potential therapeutic applications. Lysine metabolites, amino caproic acid and carnitine have already shown their therapeutic potential. Thirty grams daily of amino caproic acid has been used as an initial daily dose in treating blood clotting disorders, indicating that the proper doses of lysine, its precursor, have yet to be used in medicine. Low lysine levels have been found in patients with Parkinson's, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, asthma and depression. The exact significance of these levels is unclear, yet lysine therapy can normalize the level and has been associated with improvement of some patients with these conditions. Abnormally elevated hydroxylysines have been found in virtually all chronic degenerative diseases and those treated with coumadin therapy. The levels of this stress marker may be improved by high doses of vitamin C. Lysine is particularly useful in therapy for marasmus (wasting) (http://www.dcnutrition.com). Lysine has also been shown to play a role in anaemia, as lysine is suspected to have an effect on the uptake of iron and, subsequently, the concentration of ferritin in blood plasma.""}",C
What is the description of Mandelic acid?,"{'A': 'Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group. It is referred to as an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form, the latter being the result of an intramolecular reaction between the aldehyde C atom and the C-5 hydroxyl group to form an intramolecular hemiacetal. In aqueous solution, both forms are in equilibrium and at pH 7 the cyclic one is predominant. Glucose is a primary source of energy for all living organisms. It is a fundamental metabolite found in all organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Most of the world’s glucose is made by plants and algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, where it is used to make cellulose (and other polymeric forms of glucose called polysaccharides) that stabilize plant cell walls. Glucose is also found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. In animals, glucose can be generated from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis. Glucose can also be synthesized de novo in animals. In particular it can be synthesized in the liver and kidneys from non-carbohydrate intermediates, such as pyruvate and glycerol, by a process known as gluconeogenesis. Humans also consume large amounts of glucose as part of their regular diet. Ingested glucose initially binds to the receptor for sweet taste on the tongue in humans. This complex of the proteins T1R2 and T1R3 makes it possible to identify glucose-containing food sources. Glucose in the body mainly comes from food - about 300 g per day for the average adult. In humans, the breakdown of glucose-containing polysaccharides happens partly during chewing by means of the enzyme known as amylase, which is contained in saliva, as well as by other enzymes such as maltase, lactase and sucrase on the brush border of the small intestine. The blood sugar content of a healthy person in the short-time fasting state, e.g. after overnight fasting, is about 70 to 100 mg/dL of blood (4 to 5.5 mM). In blood plasma, the measured values are about 10–15% higher.  Dysregulated metabolism of glucose can lead to a number of diseases including diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body is unable to regulate levels of glucose in the blood either because of a lack of insulin in the body or the failure, by cells in the body, to respond properly to insulin. Each of these situations can be caused by persistently high elevations of blood glucose levels, through pancreatic burnout and insulin resistance.', 'B': 'Dihydrouridine is a pyrimidine which is the result of adding two hydrogen atoms to a uridine. Dihydrouridine is found only in tRNA molecules. An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.', 'C': 'N-alpha-Acetyl-L-citrulline, also known as N-acetylcitrulline, is an N-acetylated metabolite of citrulline that is part of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. Arginine biosynthesis is notable for its complexity and variability at the genetic level, and by its connection with several other pathways, such as pyrimidine and polyamine biosynthesis, and certain degradative pathways. The initial steps of the arginine biosynthetic pathways proceed via N-acetylated intermediates. The presumed reason for this is that the acetylation prevents the spontaneous cyclization of glutamate derivatives, which leads to proline biosynthesis. N-acetyl-L-ornithine can be transcarbamylated directly by the enzyme acetylornithine transcarbamylase, resulting in N-acetyl-L-citrulline. The enzyme acetylornithine deacetylase can accept N-acetyl-L-citrulline as a substrate and can deacetylate it into citrulline. N-alpha-Acetyl-L-citrulline is found in cases of deficiency of the urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthase (EC 6.3.4.5) that leads to increased concentrations of citrulline and N-acetylcitrulline in the urine (PMID: 14633929).', 'D': 'It is an isomer of cresotinic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid) and oxymethylbenzoic acid (2-methoxybenzoic acid). Derivatives of mandelic acid are formed as a result of metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyl transferase. It is also present in certain skin care products, is an intermediate molecule in the production of other biochemicals, may be used as an analytical reagent and is a precursor in the manufacture of dyes. Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C8H8O3. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and most common organic solvents. Mandelic acid is found to be associated with phenylketonuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism.'}",D
What is the description of Methylglutaric acid?,"{'A': 'Methylglutaric acid is a leucine metabolite. A large amount of methylglutaric acid is identified in urine of patients with deficiency of 3-methylglutaconyl coenzyme A hydratase (PMID 6181239). Methylglutaric acid is also found to be associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, another inborn error of metabolism.', 'B': 'Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59–75% of pecan oil, 61% of canola oil, 36–67% of peanut oil, 60% of macadamia oil, 20–80% of sunflower oil, 15–20% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40% of sesame oil, and 14% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80%) and canola oil (70%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent.', 'C': 'Glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine is a Glycoside of hydroxylysine. Hydroxylation of lysine is an important post-translational modification of collagen, (PMID 10928217) a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme Lysyl hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.4) forming hydroxylysine in collagens and other proteins with collagen-like amino acid sequences, by the hydroxylation of lysine residues in X-lys-gly sequences. The hydroxylysine residues formed in the lysyl hydroxylase reaction have 2 important functions: first, their hydroxy groups serve as sites of attachment for carbohydrate units, either the monosaccharide galactose or the disaccharide glucosylgalactose; and second, they are essential for the stability of the intermolecular collagen crosslinks. (OMIM 153454). Hydroxylysine-deficient skin collagen is manifested in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type VIA, A heritable disorder of connective tissue (PMID 5016372).', 'D': 'Uroporphyrin is the porphyrin produced by oxidation of the methylene bridges in uroporphyrinogen. Uroporphyrins have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to their pyrrole rings. The enzyme uroporphyrinogen I synthase catalyzes the formation of hydroxymethylbilane from four molecules of porphobilinogen. Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase then catalyzes the conversion of hydroxymethylbilane into uroporphyrinogen III. Otherwise, hydroxymethylbilane cyclizes nonenzymatically to form uroporphyrinogen I. Uroporphyrinogen I and III yield their respective uroporphyrins via autooxidation or their respective coproporphyrinogens via decarboxylation. Excessive amounts of uroporphyrin I are excreted in congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and both uroporphyrin I and uroporphyrin III are excreted in porphyria cutanea tarda. Uroporphyrin I and III are the most common isomers. Under certain conditions, uroporphyrin III can act as a phototoxin, a neurotoxin, and a metabotoxin. A phototoxin leads to cell damage upon exposure to light. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of porphyrins are associated with porphyrias such as porphyria variegate, acute intermittent porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda, and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). There are several types of porphyrias (most are inherited). Hepatic porphyrias are characterized by acute neurological attacks (seizures, psychosis, extreme back and abdominal pain, and an acute polyneuropathy), while the erythropoietic forms present with skin problems (usually a light-sensitive blistering rash and increased hair growth). The neurotoxicity of porphyrins may be due to their selective interactions with tubulin, which disrupt microtubule formation and cause neural malformations (PMID: 3441503).'}",A
What is the description of 17-Hydroxypregnenolone sulfate?,"{'A': 'Folic acid or folate, is a vitamin that belongs to the class of compounds known as pterins. Chemically, folate consists of three distinct chemical moieties linked together. A pterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-pteridine) linked by a methylene bridge to a p-aminobenzoyl group that in turn is linked through an amide linkage to glutamic acid. It is a member of the vitamin B family and is primarily known as vitamin B9. Folate is required for the body to make DNA and RNA and metabolize amino acids necessary for cell division for the hematopoietic system. As humans cannot make folate, it is required in the diet, making it an essential nutrient (i.e. a vitamin). Folate occurs naturally in many foods including mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid, being biochemically inactive, is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by the enzyme known as dihydrofolate reductase. Tetrahydrofolate and methyltetrahydrofolate are transported across cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis where they are needed to maintain normal erythropoiesis, synthesize purine and thymidylate nucleic acids, interconvert amino acids and generate formic acid. Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in babies. Low levels in early pregnancy are believed to be the cause of more than half of babies born with NTDs (PMID: 28097362). Folic acid is also a microbial metabolite produced by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (PMID: 22254078).', 'B': 'Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), and the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol. This is because researchers first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones in 1784. In the body, cholesterol can exist in either the free form or as an ester with a single fatty acid (of 10-20 carbons in length) covalently attached to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the cholesterol ring. Due to the mechanism of synthesis, plasma cholesterol esters tend to contain relatively high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most of the cholesterol consumed as a dietary lipid exists as cholesterol esters. Cholesterol esters have a lower solubility in water than cholesterol and are more hydrophobic. They are hydrolyzed by the pancreatic enzyme cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids. Cholesterol has vital structural roles in membranes and in lipid metabolism in general. It is a biosynthetic precursor of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterones, androgens and aldosterone). In addition, it contributes to the development and functioning of the central nervous system, and it has major functions in signal transduction and sperm development. Cholesterol is a ubiquitous component of all animal tissues where much of it is located in the membranes, although it is not evenly distributed. The highest proportion of unesterified cholesterol is in the plasma membrane (roughly 30-50% of the lipid in the membrane or 60-80% of the cholesterol in the cell), while mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have very low cholesterol contents. Cholesterol is also enriched in early and recycling endosomes, but not in late endosomes. The brain contains more cholesterol than any other organ where it comprises roughly a quarter of the total free cholesterol in the human body. Of all the organic constituents of blood, only glucose is present in a higher molar concentration than cholesterol. Cholesterol esters appear to be the preferred form for transport in plasma and as a biologically inert storage (de-toxified) form. They do not contribute to membranes but are packed into intracellular lipid particles. Cholesterol molecules (i.e. cholesterol esters) are transported throughout the body via lipoprotein particles. The largest lipoproteins, which primarily transport fats from the intestinal mucosa to the liver, are called chylomicrons. They carry mostly triglyceride fats and cholesterol that are from food, especially internal cholesterol secreted by the liver into the bile. In the liver, chylomicron particles give up triglycerides and some cholesterol. They are then converted into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which carry triglycerides and cholesterol on to other body cells. In healthy individuals, the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. (Lack of information on LDL particle number and size is one of the major problems of conventional lipid tests.). In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. There is a worldwide trend to believe that lower total cholesterol levels tend to correlate with lower atherosclerosis event rates (though some studies refute this idea). As a result, cholesterol has become a very large focus for the scientific community trying to determine the proper amount of cholesterol needed in a healthy diet. However, the primary association of atherosclerosis with cholesterol has always been specifically with cholesterol transport patterns, not total cholesterol per se. For example, total cholesterol can be low, yet made up primarily of small LDL and small HDL particles and atheroma growth rates are high. In contrast, however, if LDL particle number is low (mostly large particles) and a large percentage of the HDL particles are large (HDL is actively reverse transporting cholesterol), then atheroma growth rates are usually low, even negative, for any given total cholesterol concentration. These effects are further complicated by the relative concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the endothelium since ADMA down-regulates production of nitric oxide, a relaxant of the endothelium. Thus, high levels of ADMA, associated with highly oxidized levels of LDL, pose a heightened risk factor for vascular disease. Chronically high levels of cholesterol are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism, including cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, cholesteryl ester storage disease, congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, hypercholesterolemia, and Zellweger syndrome. In chronically high levels, cholesterol can function as an atherogen (causes atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease). Specifically, chronically high levels (from diet or from genetic predisposition or from diseases such as hyperlipidemia) of cholesterol and cholesterol esters lead to an excess of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In healthy individuals, the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Resistin, a protein secreted by fat tissue, has been shown to increase the production of LDL in human liver cells and also degrades LDL receptors in the liver. As a result, the liver is less able to clear cholesterol from the bloodstream. Resistin accelerates the accumulation of LDL in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Cholesterol is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic.', 'C': '17-Hydroxypregnenolone sulfate is a precursor steroid. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone is a C21 steroid that is obtained by hydroxylation of pregnenolone at the C17 alpha position.17-Hydroxypregnenolone is considered a prohormone in the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), itself a prohormone of the sex steroids (Wikipedia).', 'D': '3-Hydroxytetradecanedioic acid is an unusual 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acid human metabolite found occasionally in urine. (PMID 2925825) High levels of 3-Hydroxytetradecanedioic acid (and other 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acids) were detected in the urine of a patient with 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria (PMID 1507493), due to acute intoxication associated with hopantenate occurs owing to pantothenic acid deficiency or the inhibition of CoA-requiring reactions during stress, i.e., infection, prolonged fasting, or malnutrition (PMID 2026687), and in a patient with thanatophoric dysplasia due to enhanced but incomplete oxidation of fatty acid, a consequence of a heterozygous point mutation, S249C in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene. (PMID 11879084).'}",C
What is the description of Umanopterin?,"{'A': 'Umanopterin is a pteridine derivative. It is identified in body fluids. An elevated level of umanopterin is associated with immune system activation, malignant diseases, allograft rejection, and viral infections (http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/).', 'B': ""Isopropyl alcohol, also known as isopropanol or 1-methylethanol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl). It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Isopropyl alcohol exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Isopropyl alcohol is an alcohol, bitter, and musty tasting compound. Isopropyl alcohol has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as papaya, roselles, apples, sweet cherries, and allium (onion). Isopropyl alcohol is an isomer of 1-propanol and is considered as a potentially toxic compound. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties."", 'C': 'Methylglutaric acid is a leucine metabolite. A large amount of methylglutaric acid is identified in urine of patients with deficiency of 3-methylglutaconyl coenzyme A hydratase (PMID 6181239). Methylglutaric acid is also found to be associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, another inborn error of metabolism.', 'D': 'Allochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).'}",A
What is the description of N-Acetyl-a-neuraminic acid?,"{'A': 'Folic acid or folate, is a vitamin that belongs to the class of compounds known as pterins. Chemically, folate consists of three distinct chemical moieties linked together. A pterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-pteridine) linked by a methylene bridge to a p-aminobenzoyl group that in turn is linked through an amide linkage to glutamic acid. It is a member of the vitamin B family and is primarily known as vitamin B9. Folate is required for the body to make DNA and RNA and metabolize amino acids necessary for cell division for the hematopoietic system. As humans cannot make folate, it is required in the diet, making it an essential nutrient (i.e. a vitamin). Folate occurs naturally in many foods including mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid, being biochemically inactive, is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by the enzyme known as dihydrofolate reductase. Tetrahydrofolate and methyltetrahydrofolate are transported across cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis where they are needed to maintain normal erythropoiesis, synthesize purine and thymidylate nucleic acids, interconvert amino acids and generate formic acid. Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in babies. Low levels in early pregnancy are believed to be the cause of more than half of babies born with NTDs (PMID: 28097362). Folic acid is also a microbial metabolite produced by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (PMID: 22254078).', 'B': 'N-Acetyl-alpha-neuraminate is a sialic acid. Sialic acids are an important family of related 9-carbon sugars acids, present on the surface of many different cells and functioning in a wide range of different biological processes. They mediate a variety of cell-cell and cell-molecule interactions in eukaryotes and can be utilized by pathogens to evade the host immune response. N-acetylneuraminic acid is the most common sialic acid, and the predominant form present in humans. It can be found as a terminal sugar on a wide range of surface glycoconjugates. A number of bacteria that can colonize humans (such as E. coli) make use of N-acetylneuraminic acid as a nutrient source.', 'C': '2-Methylbutyrylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism, such as propionic acidemia. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. The isolated excretion of high levels of 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2-MBG) is the hallmark of short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency or SBCADD (PMID:15615815). The disorder is also called 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 17883863) and has been associated with autism and mental retardation. SBCADD is a recently described autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in the degradation pathway of L- isoleucine leading to increased urinary excretion of 2-methylbutyryl glycine. The enzymatic defect results from disruption of the SBCAD gene. Deficiency of SBCAD leads to accumulation of its substrate, 2-methylbutyryl-CoA within the mitochondrion. This substance is transesterified with glycine by the mitochondrial enzyme acyl-CoA glycine-N-acyltransferase (glycine-N-acylase) to form 2-methylbutyryl glycine. Affected patients can be divided into two categories. The first category consists of infants detected by newborn screening programmes. These infants are treated with diet and remain without clinical symptoms. In the second category affected patients are diagnosed because they presented clinically with seizures and psychomotor delay and have increased urinary excretion of 2-methylbutyryl glycine (PMID: 17883863). 2-methylbutyrylglycine has also been found in the urine of patients with propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency after consuming isoleucine. (PMID: 630060). 2-methylbutyrylglycine is also elevated in the urine of patients with glutaric aciduria II and ethylmalonic encephalopathy.', 'D': 'Azelaic acid (AZA) is a naturally occurring saturated nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid (COOH (CH2)7-COOH). It possesses a variety of biological actions both in vitro and in vivo. Interest in the biological activity of AZA arose originally out of studies of skin surface lipids and the pathogenesis of hypochromia in pityriasis versicolor infection. Later, it was shown that Pityrosporum can oxidize unsaturated fatty acids to C8-C12 dicarboxylic acids that are cornpetitive inhibitors of tyrosinase in vitro. Azelaic acid was chosen for further investigation and development of a new topical drug for treating hyperpigmentary disorders for the following reasons: it possesses a middle-range of antityrosinase activity, is inexpensive, and more soluble to be incorporated into a base cream than other dicarboxylic acids. Azelaic acid is another option for the topical treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. It offers effectiveness similar to that of other agents without the systemic side effects of oral antibiotics or the allergic sensitization of topical benzoyl peroxide and with less irritation than tretinoin. Azelaic acid is less expensive than certain other prescription acne preparations, but it is much more expensive than nonprescription benzoyl peroxide preparations. Whether it is safe and effective when used in combination with other agents is not known. (PMID: 7737781, 8961845).'}",B
What is the description of 3-Hydroxymandelic acid?,"{'A': ""5-hydroxyhexanoic acid is produced during omega-oxidation of fatty acids in people unable to beta-oxidize fatty acids properly. Excessive excretion of 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid appears to be a part of Reye's syndrome."", 'B': '7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid, also known as 3-dehydrochenodeoxycholic acid or (5beta,7alpha)-7-hydroxy-3-oxocholan-24-oate, is classified as a monohydroxy bile acids, alcohol or a monohydroxy bile acids, alcohol derivative. Monohydroxy bile acids, alcohols are bile acids, alcohols or any of their derivatives bearing a hydroxyl group. 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid is a bile acid lipid molecule. Glycine- and taurine-conjugated 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid has been identified in normal human serum (PMID: 1939467) and as a cholesterol metabolite in bile acids produced in HepG2 cells, a well-differentiated human hepatoblastoma cell line (PMID: 1655725).', 'C': '3-Hydroxymandelic acid, also known as m-hydroxymandelate or MHMA, is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. 3-Hydroxymandelic acid is the dehydroxylated (positions 2 and 3’) derivative of phenylacetic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It derives from a mandelic acid. Mandelic acid is a substrate or product of several biochemical processes called the mandelate pathway. Mandelate racemase interconverts the two enantiomers via a pathway that involves cleavage of the alpha-CH bond. Mandelate dehydrogenase is yet another enzyme on this pathway. Mandelate also arises from trans-cinnamate via phenylacetic acid, which is hydroxylated. Derivatives of mandelic acid, such as 3-hydroxymandelic acid, are formed as a result of metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase.', 'D': ""Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (uridine 5'-diphosphate-GlcNAc, or UDP-Glc-NAc) is an acetylated aminosugar nucleotide. UDP-GlcNAc is the donor substrate for modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins at serine and threonine residues with N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Nutrient sensing in mammals is done through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HSP), which produces uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-Glc-NAc) as its end product. Mammals respond to nutrient excess by activating O-GlcNAcylation (addition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine). O-GlcNAc addition (and removal) is key to histone remodeling, transcription, proliferation, apoptosis, and proteasomal degradation. This nutrient-responsive signaling pathway also modulates important cellular pathways, including the insulin signaling cascade in. Alterations in O-GlcNAc metabolism are associated with various human diseases including diabetes mellitus and neurodegeneration. (PMID: 16317114) Due to the chemical makeup of UDP-GlcNAc, it is well positioned to serve as a glucose sensor in that it is a high-energy compound that requires and/or responds to glucose, amino acid, fatty acid and nucleotide metabolism for synthesis. Elevated levels of O-GlcNAc have an effect on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. (PMID: 12678487).""}",C
What is the description of 2-Hydroxyestradiol-3-methyl ether?,"{'A': 'Maleic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, a molecule with two carboxyl groups. It consists of an ethylene group flanked by two carboxylic acid groups. Maleic acid is the cis isomer of butenedioic acid, whereas fumaric acid is the trans isomer. The cis isomer is the less stable one of the two; the difference in heat of combustion is 22.7 kJ/mol. The physical properties of maleic acid are very different from that of fumaric acid. Maleic acid is soluble in water whereas fumaric acid is not and the melting point of maleic acid (130 - 131 oC) is also much lower than that of fumaric acid (287 oC). Maleic acid is converted into maleic anhydride by dehydration, to malic acid by hydration, and to succinic acid by hydrogenation. Maleic acid is used in making polyesters for fibre-reinforced laminated moldings and paint vehicles. More specifically it is used in the manufacture of phthalic-type alkyd and polyester resins, surface coatings, copolymers, plasticizers, lubricant additives and agricultural chemicals. It is also found in adhesives and sealants and as a preservative for oils and fats. In the natural world, maleic acid has been identified in ginseng, pineapple, cacao plants, sour cherries and corn. A large number of microbes are able to convert maleic acid to D-malate using the enzyme maleate hydratase (PMID: 1444397).', 'B': 'Citrulline, also known as Cit or δ-ureidonorvaline, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Citrulline has the formula H2NC(O)NH(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. Citrulline exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, citrulline participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, citrulline can be biosynthesized from carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine which is catalyzed by the enzyme ornithine carbamoyltransferase. In addition, citrulline and L-aspartic acid can be converted into argininosuccinic acid through the action of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. In humans, citrulline is involved in the metabolic disorder called argininemia. Citrulline has also been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and citrullinemia type II. Citrulline has also been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including argininosuccinic aciduria and fumarase deficiency. Outside of the human body, citrulline is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods such as wheats, oats, and cucumbers and in a lower concentration in swiss chards, yellow wax beans, and potato. Citrulline has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as epazotes, lotus, common buckwheats, strawberry guava, and italian sweet red peppers. Citrulline is a potentially toxic compound.  Proteins that normally contain citrulline residues include myelin basic protein (MBP), filaggrin, and several histone proteins, whereas other proteins, such as fibrin and vimentin are susceptible to citrullination during cell death and tissue inflammation.  Citrulline is also produced as a byproduct of the enzymatic production of nitric oxide from the amino acid arginine, catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase. It is also produced from arginine as a byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by NOS family (NOS; EC1.14.13.39).', 'C': 'Glycerylphosphorylethanolamine is a membrane breakdown product resulting from the cleavage of the lipid group from glycerophosphoethanlomine fatty acids (i.e. phosphatidylethanolamine). It acts as a growth stimulant for hepatocytes.', 'D': '2-Hydroxyestradiol-3-methylether is a methoxylated derivative of 2-hydroxyestradiol. 2-hydroxy estrogen metabolites can be converted to anticarcinogenic methoxylated metabolites (2-methoxyestrone and 2-methoxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestradiol 3-methyl ether) by catechol O-methyltransferase (PMID: 11172156). 2-hydroxyestradiol 3-methyl ether has been found in the urine of pregnant women (along with other 2-hydroxyestrogen ethers) although the amounts are generally small (less than 5 ug/24 hours). (PMID: 966757).'}",D
What is the description of Ergocalciferol?,"{'A': 'Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an isobutyric acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy.\xa0 This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is therefore classified as a short chain AC. As a short-chain acylcarnitine isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a member of the most abundant group of carnitines in the body, comprising more than 50% of all acylcarnitines quantified in tissues and biofluids (PMID: 31920980). Some short-chain carnitines have been studied as supplements or treatments for a number of diseases, including neurological disorders and inborn errors of metabolism. In particular isobutyryl-L-carnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with isobutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 20591710), glutaric aciduria type 2 (PMID: 20591710), ethylmalonic encephalopathy (PMID: 20591710), and gestational diabetes mellitus (PMID: 29626588). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with traumatic brain injury (PMID: 23560894). Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is elevated in the urine of individuals with glutaric aciduria type 2 (PMID: 2288224), multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (PMID: 3383426), and acute coronary syndrome (PMID: 30316136). Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT, EC:2.3.1.7) is responsible for the synthesis of all short-chain and short branched-chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 23485643). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].', 'B': 'Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, also known as PRPP or PRib-PP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a pentose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, guanine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine monophosphate through its interaction with the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. In addition, guanine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine monophosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. In humans, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is involved in adenosine deaminase deficiency. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is a pentosephosphate and it is the key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. It is formed from ribose 5-phosphate by the enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase. It plays a role in transferring phosphate groups in several reactions.', 'C': ""Androstane-3,17-diol is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone. It doesn't bind androgen receptors, but efficiently binds the estrogen receptor beta and inhibits prostate cancer cell migration through the activation of estrogen receptor beta (PMID: 15958594)."", 'D': 'Ergocalciferol is a form of Vitamin D, also called vitamin D2. It is created from viosterol, which in turn is created when ultraviolet light activates ergosterol. Ergocalciferol is used in the treatment of hypcalcemia and in dialysis-dependent renal failure. Ergoalcifediol is a fat soluble steroid hormone precursor of vitamin D that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. Vitamin D2 is the form of vitamin D most commonly added to foods and nutritional supplements. Vitamin D2 must be transformed (hydroxylated) into one of two active forms via the liver or kidney. Once transformed, it binds to the vitamin D receptor that then leads to a variety of regulatory roles.'}",D
What is the description of Butyric acid?,"{'A': 'Tetrahydroneopterin is a reduced form of neopterin.', 'B': '(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (3-HIBA) (CAS: 2068-83-9) is an organic acid. 3-HIBA is an intermediate in L-valine metabolism. 3-HIBA plays an important role in the diagnosis of the very rare inherited metabolic diseases 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (OMIM: 236795) and methylmalonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (OMIM: 603178). Patients with 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria excrete a significant amount of 3-HIBA not only during the acute stage but also when stable. 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria is caused by a 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 18329219). The severity of this disease varies from case to case. Most patients exhibit dysmorphic features, such as a small triangular face, a long philtrum, low set ears, and micrognathia (PMID: 10686279). Lactic acidemia is also found in the affected patients, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved. 3-HIBA appears to specifically inhibit the function of the respiratory chain complex I-III and mitochondrial creatine kinase (PMID: 18329219). BioTransformer predicts that 3-HIBA is a product of 2-methylpropanoic acid metabolism via a hydroxylation-of-terminal-methyl reaction catalyzed by CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 enzymes (PMID: 30612223).', 'C': 'Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) formed in the mammalian colon by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates (including dietary fibre). It is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid that appears as an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant (rancid butter) odor. The name butyric acid comes from the Greek word for ""butter"", the substance in which it was first found. Triglycerides of butyric acid constitute 3–4% of butter. When butter goes rancid, butyric acid is liberated from the short-chain triglycerides via hydrolysis. Butyric acid is a widely distributed SCFA and is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is present in animal fat and plant oils, bovine milk, breast milk, butter, parmesan cheese, body odor and vomit. While butyric acid has an unpleasant odor, it does have a pleasant buttery taste. As a result, butyric acid is used as a flavoring agent in food manufacturing. Low-molecular-weight esters of butyric acid, such as methyl butyrate, also have very pleasant aromas or tastes. As a result, several butyrate esters are used as food and perfume additives. Butyrate is naturally produced by fermentation processes performed by obligate anaerobic bacteria found in the mammalian gut. It is a metabolite of several bacterial genera including Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia (PMID: 12324374; PMID: 27446020). Highly-fermentable fiber residues, such as those from resistant starch, oat bran, pectin, and guar can be transformed by colonic bacteria into butyrate. One study found that resistant starch consistently produces more butyrate than other types of dietary fibre (PMID: 14747692). The production of butyrate from fibres in ruminant animals such as cattle is responsible for the butyrate content of milk and butter. Butyrate has a number of important biological functions and binds to several specific receptors. In humans, butyric acid is one of two primary endogenous agonists of human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2), a G protein-coupled receptor. Like other SCFAs, butyrate is also an agonist at the free fatty acid receptors FFAR2 and FFAR3, which function as nutrient sensors that facilitate the homeostatic control of energy balance. Butyrate is essential to host immune homeostasis (PMID: 25875123). Butyrate\'s effects on the immune system are mediated through the inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (specifically, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8) and activation of its G-protein coupled receptor targets including HCA2, FFAR2 and FFAR3. Among the short-chain fatty acids, butyrate is the most potent promoter of intestinal regulatory T cells in vitro and the only SCFA that is an HCA2 ligand (PMID: 25741338). Butyrate has been shown to be a critical mediator of the colonic inflammatory response. It possesses both preventive and therapeutic potential to counteract inflammation-mediated ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. As a short-chain fatty acid, butyrate is metabolized by mitochondria as an energy source through fatty acid metabolism. In particular, it is an important energy source for cells lining the mammalian colon (colonocytes). Without butyrate, colon cells undergo autophagy (i.e., self-digestion) and die.', 'D': 'L-pipecolic acid is a normal human metabolite present in human blood, where is present as the primary enantiomer of pipecolic acid. L-pipecolic acid is a cyclic imino acid (contains both imino (>C=NH) and carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional groups) produced during the degradation of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, including Zellweger syndrome (OMIM 214100), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (OMIM 202370), and infantile Refsum disease (OMIM 266510). L-pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. L-pipecolic acid is the substrate of delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.21) in the pathway of lysine degradation (PMID: 2717271, 8305590, 1050990).'}",C
What is the description of Dopamine?,"{'A': ""Dopamine is a member of the catecholamine family of neurotransmitters in the brain and is a precursor to epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Dopamine is synthesized in the body (mainly by nervous tissue and adrenal glands) first by the hydration of the amino acid tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase and then by the decarboxylation of DOPA by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (dopamine receptors) mediates its action, which plays a major role in reward-motivated behaviour. Dopamine has many other functions outside the brain. In blood vessels, dopamine inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator (at normal concentrations); in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. Parkinson's disease, a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment, is caused by a loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra. There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity, and most antipsychotic drugs used to treat this are dopamine antagonists, which reduce dopamine activity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and addiction are also characterized by defects in dopamine production or metabolism. It has been suggested that animals derived their dopamine-synthesizing machinery from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer that may have occurred relatively late in evolutionary time. This is perhaps a result of the symbiotic incorporation of bacteria into eukaryotic cells that gave rise to mitochondria. Dopamine is elevated in the urine of people who consume bananas. When present in sufficiently high levels, dopamine can be a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural tissue. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of dopamine are associated with neuroblastoma, Costello syndrome, leukemia, phaeochromocytoma, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, and Menkes disease (MNK). High levels of dopamine can lead to hyperactivity, insomnia, agitation and anxiety, depression, delusions, excessive salivation, nausea, and digestive problems. A study has shown that urinary dopamine is produced by Bacillus and Serratia (PMID: 24621061)"", 'B': ""S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) is formed by the demethylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy or SAH) is also the immediate precursor of all of the homocysteine produced in the body. The reaction is catalyzed by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and is reversible with the equilibrium favoring formation of SAH. In vivo, the reaction is driven in the direction of homocysteine formation by the action of the enzyme adenosine deaminase which converts the second product of the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase reaction, adenosine, to inosine. Except for methyl transfer from betaine and from methylcobalamin in the methionine synthase reaction, SAH is the product of all methylation reactions that involve S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. Methylation is significant in epigenetic regulation of protein expression via DNA and histone methylation. The inhibition of these SAM-mediated processes by SAH is a proven mechanism for metabolic alteration. Because the conversion of SAH to homocysteine is reversible, with the equilibrium favoring the formation of SAH, increases in plasma homocysteine are accompanied by an elevation of SAH in most cases. Disturbances in the transmethylation pathway indicated by abnormal SAH, SAM, or their ratio have been reported in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, depression, and Parkinson's disease (PMID:18065573, 17892439). Therefore, when present in sufficiently high levels, S-adenosylhomocysteine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine are associated with S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase deficiency and adenosine deaminase deficiency. S-Adenosylhomocysteine forms when there are elevated levels of homocysteine and adenosine. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine is a potent inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation reactions. It is toxic to immature lymphocytes and can lead to immunosuppression (PMID:221926)."", 'C': 'Trimethylamine, also known as NMe3, N(CH3)3, and TMA, is a colorless, hygroscopic, and flammable simple amine with a typical fishy odor in low concentrations and an ammonia like odor in higher concentrations. Trimethylamine has a boiling point of 2.9 degree centigrade and is a gas at room temperature. Trimethylamine usually comes in pressurized gas cylinders or as a 40% solution in water. Trimethylamine is a nitrogenous base and its positively charged cation is called trimethylammonium cation. A common salt of trimethylamine is trimethylammonium chloride, a hygroscopic colorless solid. Trimethylamine is a product of decomposition of plants and animals. It is the substance mainly responsible for the fishy odor often associated with fouling fish, bacterial vagina infections, and bad breath. It is also associated with taking large doses of choline. Trimethylaminuria is a genetic disorder in which the body is unable to metabolize trimethylamine from food sources. Patients develop a characteristic fish odour of their sweat, urine, and breath after the consumption of choline-rich foods. Trimethylaminuria is an autosomal recessive disorder involving a trimethylamine oxidase deficiency. Trimethylaminuria has also been observed in a certain breed of Rhode Island Red chicken that produces eggs with a fishy smell. Trimethylamine in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of legumes. It has also been found to be a product of various types of bacteria, such as Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Actinobacteria, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Alteromonas, Anaerococcus, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Bacteroidetes, Burkholderia, Campylobacter, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Desulfitobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Desulfuromonas, Edwardsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Firmicutes, Flavobacterium, Gammaproteobacteria, Haloanaerobacter, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Mobiluncus, Olsenella, Photobacterium, Proteobacteria, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Rhodopseudomonas, Ruminococcus, Salmonella, Sarcina, Serratia, Shewanella, Shigella, Sinorhizobium, Sporomusa, Staphylococcus, Stigmatella, Streptococcus, Vibrio and Yokenella (PMID:26687352; PMID:25108210; PMID:24909875; PMID:28506279; PMID:27190056). Trimethylamine is a marker for urinary tract infection brought on by E. coli. (PMID:25108210; PMID:24909875). It has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID:22626821).', 'D': 'beta-Alanine is the only naturally occurring beta-amino acid - an amino acid in which the amino group is at the beta-position from the carboxylate group. It is formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. It is a component of the naturally occurring peptides carnosine and anserine and also of pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5), which itself is a component of coenzyme A. Under normal conditions, beta-alanine is metabolized into acetic acid. beta-Alanine can undergo a transanimation reaction with pyruvate to form malonate-semialdehyde and L-alanine. The malonate semialdehyde can then be converted into malonate via malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Malonate is then converted into malonyl-CoA and enter fatty acid biosynthesis. Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, beta-alanine may act as a false transmitter replacing gamma-aminobutyric acid. When present in sufficiently high levels, beta-alanine can act as a neurotoxin, a mitochondrial toxin, and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that damages the brain or nerve tissue. A mitochondrial toxin is a compound that damages mitochondria and reduces cellular respiration as well as oxidative phosphorylation. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of beta-alanine are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism, including GABA-transaminase deficiency, hyper-beta-alaninemia, and methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. beta-Alanine is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and is an inhibitor of GABA transaminase. The associated inhibition of GABA transaminase and displacement of GABA from CNS binding sites can also lead to GABAuria (high levels of GABA in the urine) and convulsions. In addition to its neurotoxicity, beta-alanine reduces cellular levels of taurine, which are required for normal respiratory chain function. Cellular taurine depletion is known to reduce respiratory function and elevate mitochondrial superoxide generation, which damages mitochondria and increases oxidative stress (PMID: 27023909). Individuals suffering from mitochondrial defects or mitochondrial toxicity typically develop neurotoxicity, hypotonia, respiratory distress, and cardiac failure. beta-Alanine is a biomarker for the consumption of meat, especially red meat.'}",A
What is the description of Ethanolamine?,"{'A': '2-Hydroxyadipic acid is a hydroxy-dicarboxylic acid formed by the reduction of 2-ketoadipic acid. A deficiency of 2-ketoadipic dehydrogenase causes 2-ketoadipic acidemia or 2-oxoadipic acidemia (OMIM: 245130), a genetic disorder characterized by accumulation and excretion of 2-hydroxyadipic acid (with 2-ketoadipic and 2-aminoadipic) (OMMBID - The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, CH.95). When present in sufficiently high levels, 2-hydroxyadipic acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of 2-hydroxyadipic acid are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism including  2-oxoadipic acidemia, 2-aminoadipic aciduria, and 2-oxoadipic aciduria. 2-Hydroxyadipic acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart abnormalities, kidney abnormalities, liver damage, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures.', 'B': 'Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group. It is referred to as an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form, the latter being the result of an intramolecular reaction between the aldehyde C atom and the C-5 hydroxyl group to form an intramolecular hemiacetal. In aqueous solution, both forms are in equilibrium and at pH 7 the cyclic one is predominant. Glucose is a primary source of energy for all living organisms. It is a fundamental metabolite found in all organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Most of the world’s glucose is made by plants and algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, where it is used to make cellulose (and other polymeric forms of glucose called polysaccharides) that stabilize plant cell walls. Glucose is also found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. In animals, glucose can be generated from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis. Glucose can also be synthesized de novo in animals. In particular it can be synthesized in the liver and kidneys from non-carbohydrate intermediates, such as pyruvate and glycerol, by a process known as gluconeogenesis. Humans also consume large amounts of glucose as part of their regular diet. Ingested glucose initially binds to the receptor for sweet taste on the tongue in humans. This complex of the proteins T1R2 and T1R3 makes it possible to identify glucose-containing food sources. Glucose in the body mainly comes from food - about 300 g per day for the average adult. In humans, the breakdown of glucose-containing polysaccharides happens partly during chewing by means of the enzyme known as amylase, which is contained in saliva, as well as by other enzymes such as maltase, lactase and sucrase on the brush border of the small intestine. The blood sugar content of a healthy person in the short-time fasting state, e.g. after overnight fasting, is about 70 to 100 mg/dL of blood (4 to 5.5 mM). In blood plasma, the measured values are about 10–15% higher.  Dysregulated metabolism of glucose can lead to a number of diseases including diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body is unable to regulate levels of glucose in the blood either because of a lack of insulin in the body or the failure, by cells in the body, to respond properly to insulin. Each of these situations can be caused by persistently high elevations of blood glucose levels, through pancreatic burnout and insulin resistance.', 'C': ""Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a cyclic ether. It is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity and a smell similar to diethyl ether. At low concentrations it has a faint, fruity aroma. It is one of the most polar ethers. THF is naturally present in coffee aroma, floured chickpeas, and cooked chicken. It is used in the manufacture of polymers as well as agricultural, pharmaceutical, and commodity chemicals. Because of its widespread use (industrially) and its presence in many foods, THF is a contaminant of exposure and can appear in human biofluids. THF oxidizes readily, which can lead to instability and result in cytotoxicity. In chemical synthesis applications, THF is often used for hydroborations used to synthesize primary alcohols. THF is frequently used as a solvent for Grignard reagents because of the oxygen atom's ability to coordinate to the magnesium ion component of the Grignard reagent (an organometallic chemical reaction involving alkyl- or aryl-magnesium halides). THF is often used in polymer science. For example, it can be used to dissolve rubber prior to determining its molecular mass using gel permeation chromatography. THF tends to form peroxides on storage in air. (PMID: 16999122, 12742700, 14619948). THF can be degraded by certain strains of Rhodococcus bacteria (PMID: 19230656)."", 'D': ""Ethanolamine (MEA), also known as monoethanolamine, aminoethanol or glycinol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols (or simply aminoalcohols). These are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom. Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid with an odor reminiscent of ammonia. In pharmaceutical formulations, ethanolamine is used primarily for buffering or preparation of emulsions. Ethanolamine can also be used as pH regulator in cosmetics. Biologically, ethanolamine is an initial precursor for the biosynthesis of two primary phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In this regard, ethanolamine is the second-most-abundant head group for phospholipids. Ethanolamine serves as a precursor for a variety of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). These are molecules that modulate several animal and plant physiological processes such as seed germination, plant–pathogen interactions, chloroplast development and flowering (PMID: 30190434). Ethanolamine, when combined with arachidonic acid (C20H32O2; 20:4, ω-6), can also form the endocannabinoid anandamide. Ethanolamine can be converted to phosphoethanolamine via the enzyme known as ethanolamine kinase. the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and ethanolamine, whereas its two products are ADP and O-phosphoethanolamine. In most plants ethanolamine is biosynthesized by decarboxylation of serine via a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent l-serine decarboxylase (SDC). Ethanolamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Ethanolamine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as narrowleaf cattails, mung beans, blackcurrants, white cabbages, and bilberries.""}",D
What is the description of Palmitoylcarnitine?,"{'A': 'L-Palmitoylcarnitine or hexadecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. It is technically a long-chain acyl fatty acid derivative ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, palmitic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called palmitoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the Long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2.  In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, palmitoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form palmitoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the palmitoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, palmitoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form palmitoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. Palmitoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing palmitoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.  L-Palmitoylcarnitine has been also reported to change the activity of certain proteins and to stimulate the activity of caspases 3, 7, and 8. Interestingly, the level of this long-chain acylcarnitine has been shown to increase during apoptosis. Palmitoylcarnitine has also been reported to diminish the binding of phorbol esters (protein kinase C activators) and the autophosphorylation of the enzyme. Some of the physicochemical properties of palmitoylcarnitine may help to explain the need for coenzyme A-carnitine-coenzyme A acyl exchange during mitochondrial fatty acid import. The amphiphilic character of palmitoylcarnitine may also explain its proposed involvement in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine accumulates in ischemic myocardium and potentially contributes to myocardial damage through alterations in membrane molecular dynamics. This is a mechanism through which could play an important role in ischemic injury (PMID: 2540838, 15363641, 8706815). Palmitoylcarnitine is characteristically elevated in late-onset carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (OMIM: 255110).', 'B': 'Aspartylphenylalanine is a dipeptide composed of aspartate and phenylalanine, and is a metabolic byproduct of its methyl ester, aspartame (Nutrasweet). After hydrolysis of the ester bond in the intestinal lumen, the dipeptide is apparently absorbed and digested in the same manner as dipeptides derived from protein digestion. There are several Asp-Phe dipeptidases that degrade this peptide. It has been suggested that individuals with aspartame allergies may be deficient in this peptidase (PMID: 3743970). It has been observed that N-beta-aspartylphenylalanine (a breakdown product of Asp-Phe) is a naturally occurring peptide found in both blood and urine (PMID: 2723819).', 'C': 'Galactosylhydroxylysine is released during bone resorption and elevated in subjects with metabolic bone loss. Galactosylhydroxylysine is a sensitive and specific marker of bone resorption. (PMID 10222355).', 'D': '2-Isopropylmalic acid (CAS: 3237-44-3), also known as 3-carboxy-3-hydroxyisocaproic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group. 2-Isopropylmalic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. 2-Isopropylmalic acid is an alpha-hydroxy organic acid regularly occurring in the urine of healthy individuals (PMID: 2338430, 544608), and in hemofiltrates (PMID: 7251751). 2-Isopropylmalic acid is elevated during fasting and diabetic ketoacidosis (PMID: 1591279). It is also a metabolite found in Acetobacter (PMID: 6035258).'}",A
What is the description of Epietiocholanolone?,"{'A': 'beta-N-Acetylglucosamine is an acylaminosugar, which is an organic compound containing a sugar linked to a chain through an N-acyl group.  This compound is water-soluble.  Glycosylation with beta-N-acetylglucosamine is one of the most common post-translational modifications.  All animals and plants dynamically attach and remove beta-N-acetylglucosamine at serine and threonine residues on myriad nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins.  beta-N-Acetylglucosamine cycling, which is tightly regulated by the concerted actions of two highly-conserved enzymes, serves as a nutrient and stress sensor.  Proteins glycosylated with beta-N-acetylglucosamine can be found in almost every intracellular compartment and almost every functional class (PMID: 17460662).', 'B': 'Epietiocholanolone is an anabolic steroid similar in structure to androstenedione. Used by body-builders to add muscle mass, but with unknown side effects.', 'C': '3b,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5a-Cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. 3b,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5a-Cholanoic acid has been identified in the bile, plasma and urine of patients with delta 4-3-oxosteroid 5 beta-reductase deficiency with neonatal hepatitis, an inborn error in bile acid synthesis. (PMID 3198770).', 'D': '1beta-Hydroxycholic acid is a C24 bile acid in the serum of healthy human fetuses and a urinary bile acid in the neonatal and pediatric periods. It is also excreted in the urine of pregnant women (PMID: 9483300, 10203155, 1400756). Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).'}",B
"What is the description of 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid?","{'A': '16-Oxoandrostenediol is a naturally occurring androgenic steroid hormone generated by the adrenal glands. It has been found in the urine of newborn infants. Secretion of this steroid is suppressed by dexamethasone. Levels of this hormone are almost absent by 5 months of age. ((Steroids (1964), 3(1), 77-83.) ). 16-Oxoandrostenediol is a natural hormone with androgenic activity and that two potent antiandrogens: hydroxyflutamide (Eulexin) and bicalutamide (Casodex).', 'B': '3a,4b,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'C': '4,5-Dihydroorotic acid, also known as dihydroorotate or hydroorotate is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N-alpha-carbethoxyasparagine. It is classified as a secondary amide, a monocarboxylic acid, a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid and a N-acylurea. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is synthesized by the enzyme known as Dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3) which converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid as part of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway (PMID: 13163076). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is also a substrate for the enzyme known as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH).  In mammalian species, DHODH catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which involves the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate and the reduction of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to dihydroflavin mononucleotide (FMNH2). Inhibition of DHODH activity with teriflunomide (an immunomodulatory drug) or expression with RNA interference results in reduced ROS generation and consequent apoptosis of transformed skin and prostate epithelial cells. Mutations in the DHOD gene have been shown to cause Miller syndrome, also known as Genee-Wiedemann syndrome, Wildervanck-Smith syndrome or post-axial acrofacial dystosis (PMID: 19915526).', 'D': ""Cytidine is a nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine that besides being incorporated into nucleic acids, can serve as a substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. It is a precursor of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathways. These variations probably reflect the species differences in cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that converts cytidine to uridine in the body. The transport of cytidine into the brain's extracellular fluid, and then into neurons and glia, are essential prerequisites for cytidine to be utilized in the brain. An efficient mechanism mediating the brain uptake of circulating cytidine has not yet been demonstrated. The biosynthesis of PC, the most abundant phosphatide in the brain, via the Kennedy pathway requires phosphocholine and cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a cytidine nucleotide involved in the rate-limiting step. The enzyme that converts CTP to endogenous CDP-choline (CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase) is unsaturated at physiological brain CTP levels. APOBEC is a family of enzymes that has been discovered with the ability to deaminate cytidines on RNA or DNA. The human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G protein (APOBEC3G, or hA3G), provides cells with an intracellular antiretroviral activity that is associated with the hypermutation of viral DNA through cytidine deamination. Indeed, hA3G belongs to a family of vertebrate proteins that contains one or two copies of a signature sequence motif unique to cytidine deaminases (CTDAs) (PMID: 16769123, 15780864, 16720547).""}",C
What is the description of Pyroglutamic acid?,"{'A': 'Glutarylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:. acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. Glutarylglycine is involved in lysine metabolism. An elevated level of glutarylglycine occurs in patients with glutaric acidemia type II, which is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism due to a mitochondrial respiratory electron chain transport defect. (http://www.pediatricneuro.com/alfonso/pg75.htm).', 'B': 'PS(16:0/16:0) is a phosphatidylserine (PS or GPSer). It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphoserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PS(16:0/16:0), in particular, consists of two chain of palmitic acid at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants and microorganisms. It is usually less than 10% of the total phospholipids, the greatest concentration being in myelin from brain tissue. However, it may comprise 10 to 20 mol% of the total phospholipid in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of the cell. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups, i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl function. As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate to calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine, especially during bone formation for example. As phosphatidylserine is located entirely on the inner monolayer surface of the plasma membrane (and of other cellular membranes) and it is the most abundant anionic phospholipids. Therefore phosphatidylseriine may make the largest contribution to interfacial effects in membranes involving non-specific electrostatic interactions. This normal distribution is disturbed during platelet activation and cellular apoptosis. In human plasma, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl species predominate, but in brain (especially grey matter), retina and many other tissues 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl species are very abundant. Indeed, the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in brain phosphatidylserine is very much higher than in most other lipids.While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.', 'C': 'Pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline) is a cyclized derivative of L-glutamic acid. It is an uncommon amino acid derivative in which the free amino group of glutamic acid cyclizes to form a lactam. It is formed nonenzymatically from glutamate, glutamine, and gamma-glutamylated peptides, but it can also be produced by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase on an L-amino acid. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of glutamine or glutathione metabolism. This compound is found in substantial amounts in brain tissue and other tissues in bound form, especially skin. It is also present in plant tissues. It is sold, over the counter, as a ""smart drug"" for improving blood circulation in the brain. Pyroglutamate in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of cheese. When present in sufficiently high levels, pyroglutamic acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of pyroglutamic acid are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism including 5-oxoprolinuria, 5-oxoprolinase deficiency, glutathione synthetase deficiency, hawkinsinuria, and propionic acidemia. Pyroglutamic acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. It has been shown that pyroglutamic acid releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and displays anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in the rat. In clinical pharmacology experiments, pyroglutamic acid significantly shortens the plasma half-life of ethanol during acute intoxication.', 'D': '2(R)-Hydroxyadipic acid is an unusual metabolic isomer of 2-hydroxyadipic acid (a metabolite that accumulates in 2-ketoadipic acidemia) normally present in bacteria and described in normal human biofluids (PMID: 6788787).'}",C
What is the description of Dodecanoic acid?,"{'A': '5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity.', 'B': 'DL-2-Aminooctanoic acid, also known as a-aminocaprylate or alpha-aminocaprylic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). DL-2-Aminooctanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, DL-2-Aminooctanoic acid has been detected, but not quantified in cow milk.', 'C': '3-Hexenedioic acid is a normal human unsaturated dicarboxylic acid metabolite with increased excretion in patients with Dicarboxylic aciduria caused by fatty acid metabolism disorders. (PMID 2614263, 7096501) The urinary excretion of 3-Hexenedioic acid is increased in conditions of augmented mobilization of fatty acids or inhibited fatty acid oxidation. (PMID 2001377).', 'D': 'Dodecanoic acid, also known as dodecanoate or lauric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. Dodecanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Dodecanoic acid is the main fatty acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties. It is a white, powdery solid with a faint odour of bay oil. Dodecanoic acid, although slightly irritating to mucous membranes, has a very low toxicity and so is used in many soaps and shampoos.'}",D
What is the description of Pentaporphyrin I?,"{'A': 'Quinaldic acid, also known as quinaldate, 2-carboxyquinoline, or quinoline-2-carboxylic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinoline carboxylic acids. These are quinolines in which the quinoline ring system is substituted by a carboxyl group at one or more positions. The quinoline ring system is a double-ring structure composed of a benzene and a pyridine ring fused at two adjacent carbon atoms. Quinaldic acid is a quinoline having a carboxy group at the 2-position. It is a solid that is moderately soluble in water with a melting point of 156°C.  Quinaldic acid is a metabolite of tryptophan degradation that is formed via the kynurenine pathway; it is formed through the dehydroxylation of the intermediate kynurenic acid (PMID: 13385219). It is excreted in urine, and its urine concentration is decreased in individuals suffering from chronic alcoholism (PMID: 25754126).  Quinaldic acid has been shown to inhibit proinsulin synthesis in pancreatic islet cells (PMID: 373355).  Quinaldic acid has been shown to have anti-proliferative or anti-tumour effects and has been found to alter the expression of the p53 tumour suppressor gene as well as the phosphorylation of the p53 protein in in vitro studies (PMID: 30780127).', 'B': 'Biopterin, also known as tetrahydrobiopterin or BH4, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biopterins and derivatives. These are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative. Biopterin or tetrahydrobiopterin is also classified as a pterin derivative that consists of pterin group bearing an amino, an oxo and a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl substituent at positions 2, 4 and 6, respectively. Biopterin compounds found within the animals include BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin), the free radical BH3, and BH2 (also a free radical, called Dihydrobiopterin). BH2 is produced in the synthesis of L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. It is restored to the required cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin by the enzyme dihydrobiopterin reductase. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline). It is also a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the nitric oxide syntheses.    Tetrahydrobiopterin is biosynthesized from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by three chemical reactions mediated by the enzymes GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), and sepiapterin reductase (SR). Biopterin synthesis disorders are a cause of hyperphenylalaninemia. There are 3 distinct forms of phenylketonuria or hyperphenylalaninemia, each caused by lack of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes. The variant forms of hyperphenylalaninemia that are caused by the lack of dihydropteridine reductase or tetrahydrobiopterin are characterized by severe neurological deterioration, impaired functioning of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases, and the resultant deficiency of tyrosine- and tryptophan-derived monoamine neurotransmitters in brain. (PMID 3930837).', 'C': 'Pentaporphyrin I is a porphyrin intermediate detected in liver, kidney and erythrocytes (PubMed ID 8803328 ).', 'D': 'Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (PMID: 15490415, 15129319, 14707763, 14696970, 11157473).'}",C
What is the description of Acetoacetic acid?,"{'A': 'Acetoacetic acid (AcAc) is a weak organic acid that can be produced in the human liver under certain conditions of poor metabolism leading to excessive fatty acid breakdown (diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic ketoacidosis). It is then partially converted into acetone by decarboxylation and excreted either in urine or through respiration. Persistent mild hyperketonemia is a common finding in newborns. Ketone bodies serve as an indispensable source of energy for extrahepatic tissues, especially the brain and lung of developing rats. Another important function of ketone bodies is to provide acetoacetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA for synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and complex lipids. During the early postnatal period, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are preferred over glucose as substrates for synthesis of phospholipids and sphingolipids in accord with requirements for brain growth and myelination. Thus, during the first two weeks of postnatal development, when the accumulation of cholesterol and phospholipids accelerates, the proportion of ketone bodies incorporated into these lipids increases. On the other hand, an increased proportion of ketone bodies are utilized for cerebroside synthesis during the period of active myelination. In the lung, AcAc serves better than glucose as a precursor for the synthesis of lung phospholipids. The synthesized lipids, particularly dipalmityl phosphatidylcholine, are incorporated into surfactant, and thus have a potential role in supplying adequate surfactant lipids to maintain lung function during the early days of life (PMID: 3884391). The acid is also present in the metabolism of those undergoing starvation or prolonged physical exertion as part of gluconeogenesis. When ketone bodies are measured by way of urine concentration, acetoacetic acid, along with beta-hydroxybutyric acid or acetone, is what is detected.', 'B': 'Traumatic acid is a monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid naturally ocurring in plants. The compound was first isolated from wounded bean plants by American chemists James English Jr. and James Frederick Bonner and Dutch scientist Aire Jan Haagen-Smit in 1939. Traumatic acid is a potent wound healing agent in plants (""wound hormone"") that stimulates cell division near a trauma site to form a protective callus and to heal the damaged tissue. It may also act as a growth hormone, especially in inferior plants (e.g. algae). Traumatic acid is biosynthesized in plants by non-enzimatic oxidation of traumatin (12-oxo-trans-10-dodecanoic acid), another wound hormone. At normal conditions, traumatic acid is a solid, crystalized, water insoluble substance.', 'C': 'Erythrono-1,4-lactone has been identified as a lactone of tetronic acid in the urine from normal adults and neonates. The formation of this compound may be a consequence of lactonization of erythronic acid during the extraction/isolation process. Lactonization is a potential problem when measuring acids that contain a hydroxyl group at the number 4 carbon, as lactones are formed under acidic conditions. Evidence indicates that most 4-hydroxy acids do not normally exist to any appreciable extent as lactones in urine. (PMID 1192581).', 'D': '5alpha-Androstane-3alpha,17a-diol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. 5alpha-Androstane-3alpha,17a-diol is a steroid found in feces from pregnant women (PMID: 5440628), the monosulfate and disulfate fractions from normal human feces (PMID: 4245755), and the glucuronide and mono- and disulphate conjugates of neutral steroids in human bile (PMID: 5493463).'}",A
What is the description of 3-Hydroxysebacic acid?,"{'A': '3-Hydroxydecanedioic is a dicarboxylic acid that belongs to the class of compounds known hydroxy fatty acids. Hydroxy fatty acids are fatty acids that have hydroxyl functional groups attached to the principal chain. 3-Hydroxydecanedioic acid is found in most vertebrates. Urine from patients with ketoacidosis typically contains a number of aliphatic 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids, with the major compound being 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid (PMID: 7353273). The excretion of 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid is correlated with the excretion of hexanedioic acid, another metabolite frequently found in ketoacidosis (PMID: 5031780). It is thought that the 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids such as 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid are formed from fatty acids by a combination of omega-oxidation and incomplete beta-oxidation (PMID: 7353273). Marked elevation of urinary 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid has also been reported in a malnourished infant with glycogen storage disease (PMID: 8295400). Subsequent studies have shown that increased amounts of dicarboxylic acids, such as 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid, are typically excreted in human urine under conditions of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) feeding, abnormal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and fasting (PMID: 8596483).', 'B': '3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid (HMBA) is a normal urinary metabolite involved in isoleucine catabolism, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, and ketogenesis. HMDB is excreted in abnormally high amounts in beta-ketothiolase deficiency. Differences in the enantiomeric ratio of HMBA may originate from the enantioselectivity of different enzyme systems (PMID: 10755375).', 'C': '3a,12b-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'D': '5a-tetrahydrocorticosterone is highly sensitive to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. High levels of 5a-Tetrahydrocorticosterone are a warning sign of hypertension. (PMID: 16597193,7473516).'}",A
What is the description of Aldosterone?,"{'A': '2,3-Dihydroxyvaleric acid (DHVA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group. This compound has been detected in extracts from the purple carrot (https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238493). It is likely a hydroxylation derivative of the more common 2-hydroxyvaleric acid (an algal metabolite derived from a valeric acid) or 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (a 5-carbon ketone body made from odd carbon fatty acids in the liver). Very little is known about the origin of this particular hydroxy fatty acid.', 'B': 'Pseudouridine, also known as psi-uridine or 5-ribosyluracil, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. These are analogues of nucleosides and nucleotides, such as phosphonated nucleosides, C-glycosylated nucleoside bases, analogues where the sugar unit is a pyranose, and carbocyclic nucleosides.  Pseudouridine specifically has its uracil attached via a carbon-carbon instead of a nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond to the ribofuranose.  It is the most prevalent of the over one hundred different modified nucleosides found in RNA (PMID: 17113994).  Pseudouridine is a solid that is soluble in water.  Pseudouridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans, and is in all classes of RNA except mRNA.  It is formed by enzymes called pseudouridine synthases, which post-transcriptionally isomerize specific uridine residues in RNA.', 'C': ""Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland to regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood. Specifically, it regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. It is synthesized from cholesterol by aldosterone synthase, which is absent in other sections of the adrenal gland. It is the sole endogenous member of the class of mineralocorticoids. Aldosterone increases the permeability of the apical (luminal) membrane of the kidney's collecting ducts to potassium and sodium and activates their basolateral Na+/K+ pumps, stimulating ATP hydrolysis, reabsorbing sodium (Na+) ions and water into the blood, and excreting potassium (K+) ions into the urine."", 'D': '1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone (1,25(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone) is a vitamin D3 metabolite. The formation of 1,25(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone occurs in normocalcemic states and in situations in which 1,25(OH)2D3 has been administered. (PMID: 6324253). 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and (23S)-1,23,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 are efficient precursors to 1,25(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone. 1,25(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone has an inhibitory action of bone resorption and the lactone ring plays a major part in its expression. (PMID: 6548386, 1666030).'}",C
What is the description of 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan?,"{'A': 'Salicyluric acid is an aryl glycine conjugate formed by the body to eliminate excess salicylates, including aspirin. Aspirin is rapidly hydrolysed to salicylic acid which is further metabolized to various compounds, including salicyluric acid (SU) as well as various acyl and phenolic glucuronides, and hydroxylated metabolites. SU is the major metabolite of SA excreted in urine and it is present in the urine of people who have not taken salicylate drugs, although it has no anti-inflammatory effects in humans or in animals. More salicyluric acid (SU) is excreted in the urine of vegetarians than in non-vegetarians, primarily because fruits and vegetables are important sources of dietary salicylates. However, significantly less (10-15X) SU is excreted by vegetarians than individuals taking low-dose aspirin (PMID: 12944546). The induction of the salicyluric acid formation is one of the saturable pathways of salicylate elimination. The formation of the methyl ester of salicyluric acid is observed during the quantitation of salicyluric acid and other salicylate metabolites in urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. This methyl ester formation causes artificially low values for salicyluric acid and high values for salicylic acid. (PMID: 6101164, 6857178). Salicyluric acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite.', 'B': ""5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan is an aromatic amino acid naturally produced by the body from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan is the immediate precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. The conversion to serotonin is catalyzed by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) (AADC1 also known as DOPA decarboxylase), an essential enzyme in the metabolism of the monoamine neurotransmitters. An accumulation of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan in cerebrospinal fluid occurs in aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADC deficiency) (OMIM: 608643) accompanied by an increased excretion in the urine of the patients, which are indicative of the disorder but not specific. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan is also increased in other disorders such as in Parkinson's patients with severe postural instability and gait disorders. The amount of endogenous 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan available for serotonin synthesis depends on the availability of tryptophan and on the activity of various enzymes, especially tryptophan hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.4), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.52), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) (EC 1.13.11.11). 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan has been used clinically for over 30 years. In addition to its use in the treatment of depression, the therapeutic administration of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan has been shown to be effective in treating a wide variety of conditions, including fibromyalgia, insomnia, binge eating associated with obesity, cerebellar ataxia, and chronic headaches. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and effectively increases central nervous system (CNS) synthesis of serotonin. Supplementation with 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan is hypothesized to normalize serotonin synthesis, which is putatively related to its antidepressant properties (PMID: 9295177, 17240182, 16023217). When present in sufficiently high levels, 5-hydroxytryptophan can be a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural cells or tissue. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Signs and symptoms of AADC deficiency generally appear in the first year of life. Affected infants may have severe developmental delay, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), muscle stiffness, difficulty moving, and involuntary writhing movements of the limbs (athetosis). They may be lacking in energy (lethargic), feed poorly, startle easily, and have sleep disturbances. Since 5-hydroxytryptophan is a precursor to serotonin, altered levels of serotonin can accumulate in the brain, which leads to abnormal neural signalling. Infants with AADC deficiency have very low levels of neural signalling molecules while individuals who consume high levels of 5-hydroxytryptophan will have very high levels of neural signalling molecules. Both conditions can lead to vomiting, nausea, extreme drowsiness, and lethargy. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), also known as oxitriptan (INN) is sold over-the-counter in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada as a dietary supplement for use as an antidepressant, appetite suppressant, and sleep aid. It is also marketed in many European countries for the indication of major depression under trade names such as Cincofarm, Levothym, Levotonine, Oxyfan, Telesol, Tript-OH, and Triptum. Several double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of 5-HTP in the treatment of depression, though a lack of high-quality studies has been noted. More and larger studies are needed to determine if 5-HTP is truly effective in treating depression."", 'C': '4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoate or 4-carboxyphenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. It is a nutty and phenolic tasting compound. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be found naturally in coconut. It is one of the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. It is also found in wine, in vanilla, in Açaí oil, obtained from the fruit of the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), at relatively high concetrations (892±52 mg/kg). It is also found in cloudy olive oil and in the edible mushroom Russula virescens. It has been detected in red huckleberries, rabbiteye blueberries, and corianders and in a lower concentration in olives, red raspberries, and almonds. In humans, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In particular, the enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase uses a polyprenyl diphosphate and 4-hydroxybenzoate to produce diphosphate and 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate. This enzyme participates in ubiquinone biosynthesis. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be biosynthesized by the enzyme Chorismate lyase. Chorismate lyase is an enzyme that transforms chorismate into 4-hydroxybenzoate and pyruvate. This enzyme catalyses the first step in ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. 4-Hydroxybenzoate is an intermediate in many enzyme-mediated reactions in microbes. For instance, the enzyme 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase uses 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, NAD+ and H2O to produce 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADH and H+. This enzyme participates in toluene and xylene degradation in bacteria such as Pseudomonas mendocina. 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase is also found in carrots. The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NAD(P)H, 2 H+ and O2 into hydroquinone, NAD(P)+, H2O and CO2. This enzyme participates in 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation and is found in Candida parapsilosis. The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADPH, H+ and O2 into protocatechuate, NADP+ and H2O. This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation and is found in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a popular antioxidant in part because of its low toxicity. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid has estrogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo (PMID 9417843).', 'D': ""8-hydroxyadenine is an intermediate in the oxidation of adenine to 2,8-dihydroxyadenine by xanthine oxidase (EC 1.1.3.22). A controversy exists as to whether or not this metabolite is a marker of DNA damage. Several papers have reported an artifactual formation of a number of modified bases from intact DNA bases during derivatization of DNA hydrolysates to be analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These reports dealt with 8-hydroxyadenine (8-OH). It needs to be emphasized that the procedures for hydrolysis of DNA and derivatization of DNA hydrolysates used in these papers substantially differed from the established procedures previously described. Furthermore, a large number of relevant papers reporting the levels of these modified bases in DNA of various sources have been ignored. Interestingly, the levels of modified bases reported in the literature were not as high as those reported prior to prepurification. Levels of 8-OH-Ade were quite close to, or even the same as, or smaller than the level reported after prepurification. All these facts raise the question of the validity of the claims about the measurement of these modified DNA bases by GC/MS. Oxidative damage to DNA may play an important role in aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Attack on DNA by reactive oxygen species, particularly hydroxyl radicals, can lead to strand breaks, DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross-linking, sister chromatid exchange and translocation, and formation of at least 20 oxidized base adducts. Modification of DNA bases can lead to mutation and altered protein synthesis. In late-stage AD brain, several studies have shown an elevation of the base adducts 8-hydroxyadenine (8-OHA). Several studies have shown a decline in repair of 8-OHG in AD. Most recently studies have shown elevated 8-OHA in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in mild cognitive impairment, the earliest detectable form of AD, suggesting that oxidative damage to DNA is an early event in AD and not a secondary phenomenon. (PMID: 10098459, 17034348).""}",B
What is the description of Valeric acid?,"{'A': 'Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine, also known as formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM), is a substrate for glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase. Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine is found in many foods, some of which are greenthread tea, cardamom, mulberry, and carrot.', 'B': 'Valeric acid, or pentanoic acid, is a straight chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)3COOH. Like other low molecular weight carboxylic acids, it has a very unpleasant odor. Valeric acid is commonly found in human feces, with an average concentration of 2.4 umol/g feces (range of 0.6-3.8 umol/g) (PMID:6740214). Valeric acid is produced by the gut microbiota, typically Clostridia species and other gut bacterial species such as Megasphaera massiliensis MRx0029 (PMID:30052654) via the condensation of ethanol with propionic acid (PMID:18116989). Valeric acid is largely considered as a gut microbial metabolite. Recently, valeric acid has been found to exert strong gut protective effects. Studies involving mice that received high doses of radiation showed that valeric acid replenishment (via oral gavage) elevated the survival rate of irradiated mice, protected hematogenic organs (such as the thymus and spleen), improved gastrointestinal (GI) tract function and enhanced intestinal epithelial integrity (PMID:31931652 ). Valeric acid was also found to restore the enteric bacteria taxonomic proportions and reprogram the small intestinal protein profile to normal levels. Valeric acid, like butyric acid, also appears to be a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. High levels of HDAC proteins have been implicated in a variety of disease pathologies, from cancer and colitis to cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration (PMID:30052654). Valeric acid is also found in certain plants, specifically in the perennial flowering plant valerian (Valeriana officinalis), from which it gets its name. Industrially valeric acid is primarily used is in the synthesis of its esters. Volatile esters of valeric acid tend to have pleasant odors and are used in perfumes and cosmetics. Ethyl valerate and pentyl valerate are used as food additives because of their fruity flavours. Hydrolysis of these valerate-containing food additives in the gut can also lead to the appearance of valerate in blood, urine and stool samples.', 'C': 'Dihydroandrosterone is a major metabolite of testosterone. Dihydroandrosterone is the main steroid produced by the immature ovary; at puberty the synthesis of steroids shifts toward 4-ene-3-oxo steroids. testosterone 5a-reduced metabolites, including dihydrotestosterone are produced in the anterior pituitary and the central nervous system. Anabolic androgen steroid (AAS) are one of primary performance-enhancing substances abused by athletes. To defeat doping controls, athletes changed to take endogenous androgens from the application of synthetic AAS. testosterone was one candidate of endogenous androgens abused in sports. testosterone and its relevant steroids in urine is detected and monitored with GC/MS. The abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AS) is a growing problem; however, the effects and mechanisms underlying their addictive effects are not well understood. (PMID: 17112575, 6243214, 491593, 491592).', 'D': '1-Methylhistidine, also known as 1-MHis or 1MH, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. 1MH is also classified as a methylamino acid. Methylamino acids are primarily proteogenic amino acids (found in proteins) which have been methylated (in situ) on their side chains by various methyltransferase enzymes. Histidine can be methylated at either the N1 or N3 position of its imidazole ring, yielding the isomers 1-methylhistidine (1MH; also referred to as pi-methylhistidine) or 3-methylhistidine (3MH; tau-methylhistidine), respectively. There is considerable confusion with regard to the nomenclature of the methylated nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring of histidine and other histidine-containing peptides such as anserine. In particular, older literature (mostly prior to the year 2000) designated anserine (Npi methylated) as beta-alanyl-N1-methyl-histidine, whereas according to standard IUPAC nomenclature, anserine is correctly named as beta-alanyl-N3-methyl-histidine. As a result, many papers published prior to the year 2000 incorrectly identified 1MH as a specific marker for dietary consumption or various pathophysiological effects when they really were referring to 3MH (PMID: 24137022).  Recent discoveries have shown that 1MH is produced in essentially all mammals (and other vertebrates) via the enzyme known as METTL9 (PMID: 33563959). METTL9 is a broad-specificity methyltransferase that mediates the formation of the majority of 1MH present in mammalian proteomes. METTL9-catalyzed methylation requires a His-x-His (HxH) motif, where ""x"" is a small amino acid. This HxH motif is found in a number of abundant mammalian proteins such as ARMC6, S100A9, and NDUFB3 (PMID: 33563959). Because of its abundance in many muscle-related proteins, 1MH has been found to be a good biomarker for the consumption of meat (PMID: 21527577). Dietary studies have shown that poultry consumption (p-trend = 0.0006) and chicken consumption (p-trend = 0.0003) are associated with increased levels of 1MH in human plasma (PMID: 30018457). The consumption of fish, especially salmon and cod, has also been shown to increase the levels of 1MH in serum and urine (PMID: 31401679). As a general rule, urinary 1MH is associated with white meat intake (p< 0.001), whereas urinary 3MH is associated with red meat intake (p< 0.001) (PMID: 34091671).'}",B
"What is the description of 5b-Cholestane-3a,7a,12a,23S,25-pentol?","{'A': '12a-Hydroxy-3-oxocholadienic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'B': '5-Methylcytidine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine nucleosides. Pyrimidine nucleosides are compounds comprising a pyrimidine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety.', 'C': '5b-Cholestane-3a,7a,12a,23S,25-pentol is a bile alcohol found in the urine of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. (PMID 3700361).', 'D': 'Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and D-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Due to the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Overdoses of adenosine intake (as a drug) can lead to several side effects including chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, and tingling of the senses. Serious side effects include a worsening dysrhythmia and low blood pressure. When present in sufficiently high levels, adenosine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of adenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine is a precursor to deoxyadenosine, which is a precursor to dATP. A buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes.'}",C
What is the description of Normetanephrine?,"{'A': 'Normetanephrine, also known as normetadrenaline or N111, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety.  Normetanephrine is a solid that is soluble in water.  Normetanephrine is a metabolite of norepinephrine created by action of catechol-O-methyl transferase on norepinephrine. Within humans, normetanephrine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, normetanephrine can be converted into 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde through its interaction with the enzyme amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A.  It is also involved in the metabolic disorder called transient tyrosinemia of the newborn. This compound is excreted in the urine and is found in certain tissues. It is a marker for catecholamine-secreting tumors such as pheochromocytoma (PMID: 30538672).', 'B': ""Homocysteine (CAS: 454-29-5) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that arises during methionine metabolism. Although its concentration in plasma is only about 10 micromolar (uM), even moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Elevations in plasma homocysteine are commonly found as a result of vitamin deficiencies, polymorphisms of enzymes of methionine metabolism, and renal disease. It has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Pyridoxal, folic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin B(12) are all required for methionine metabolism, and deficiency of each of these vitamins result in elevated plasma homocysteine. A polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T), which is quite common in most populations with a homozygosity rate of 10-15 %, is associated with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in the context of marginal folate intake. Plasma homocysteine is inversely related to plasma creatinine in patients with renal disease. This is due to an impairment in homocysteine removal in renal disease. The role of these factors, and of modifiable lifestyle factors, in affecting methionine metabolism and in determining plasma homocysteine levels is discussed. Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor modifiable by nutrition and possibly exercise. Homocysteine was first identified as an important biological compound in 1932 and linked with human disease in 1962 when elevated urinary homocysteine levels were found in children with mental retardation. This condition, called homocystinuria, was later associated with premature occlusive CVD, even in children. These observations led to research investigating the relationship of elevated homocysteine levels and CVD in a wide variety of populations including middle age and elderly men and women with and without traditional risk factors for CVD (PMID: 17136938 , 15630149). Moreover, homocysteine is found to be associated with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency, cystathioninuria, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency, and sulfite oxidase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism."", 'C': 'Mesaconic acid, also known as 2-methylfumarate or citronic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Mesaconic acid is a dicarboxylic butenoic acid, with a methyl group in position 2 and the double bound between carbons 2 and 3. Mesaconic acid was first studied for its physical properties in 1874 by Jacobus van ‘t Hoff (https://web.archive.org/web/20051117102410/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Van%27t-Hoff-1874.html). It is now known to be involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 and it is also a competitor inhibitor of the reduction of fumarate.', 'D': 'Coproporphyrin I is a porphyrin metabolite arising from heme synthesis. Porphyrins are pigments found in both animal and plant life. Coproporphyrin I is a tetrapyrrole dead-end product from the spontaneous oxidation of the methylene bridges of coproporphynogen, arising from heme synthesis and secreted in feces and urine. Increased levels of coproporphyrins can indicate congenital erythropoietic porphyria or sideroblastic anaemia. Porphyria is a pathological state characterised by abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism and results in the excretion of large quantities of porphyrins in the urine and in extreme sensitivity to light. A large number of factors are capable of increasing porphyrin excretion, owing to different and multiple causes and etiologies: 1) the main site of the chronic hepatic porphyria disease process concentrates on the liver, 2) a functional and morphologic liver injury is almost regularly associated with this chronic porphyria, 3) the toxic form due to occupational and environmental exposure takes mainly a subclinical course. Hepatic factors includes disturbance in coproporphyrinogen metabolism, which results from inhibition of coproporphyrinogen oxidase as well as from the rapid loss from, and diminished utilization of coproporphyrinogen in the hepatocytes, which may also explain why coproporphyrin, its autoxidation product, predominates physiologically in the urine; decreased biliary excretion of coproporphyrin leading to a compensatory urinary excretion, so that the coproporphyrin ring isomer ratio (1:III) becomes a sensitive index for impaired liver function and intrahepatic cholestasis; and disturbed activity of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. In itself, secondary coproporphyrinuria is not associated with porphyria symptoms of a hepatologic-gastroenterologic, neurologic, or dermatologic order, even though coproporphyrinuria can occur with such symptoms. (PMID: 3327428).'}",A
What is the description of Phenylpropionylglycine?,"{'A': 'Salicyluric acid is an aryl glycine conjugate formed by the body to eliminate excess salicylates, including aspirin. Aspirin is rapidly hydrolysed to salicylic acid which is further metabolized to various compounds, including salicyluric acid (SU) as well as various acyl and phenolic glucuronides, and hydroxylated metabolites. SU is the major metabolite of SA excreted in urine and it is present in the urine of people who have not taken salicylate drugs, although it has no anti-inflammatory effects in humans or in animals. More salicyluric acid (SU) is excreted in the urine of vegetarians than in non-vegetarians, primarily because fruits and vegetables are important sources of dietary salicylates. However, significantly less (10-15X) SU is excreted by vegetarians than individuals taking low-dose aspirin (PMID: 12944546). The induction of the salicyluric acid formation is one of the saturable pathways of salicylate elimination. The formation of the methyl ester of salicyluric acid is observed during the quantitation of salicyluric acid and other salicylate metabolites in urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. This methyl ester formation causes artificially low values for salicyluric acid and high values for salicylic acid. (PMID: 6101164, 6857178). Salicyluric acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite.', 'B': '7-Ketodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).', 'C': 'Phenyllactic acid is a product of phenylalanine catabolism. An elevated level of phenyllactic acid is found in body fluids of patients with or phenylketonuria.', 'D': 'Phenylpropionylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. The detection of phenylpropionylglycine in urine after an oral load of phenylpropionic acid can be used to diagnose deficiency of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, a frequent and treatable metabolic defect. (PMID 9234867).'}",D
What is the description of 3-Oxocholic acid?,"{'A': 'Deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is a cytidine nucleotide triphosphate that is used whenever DNA is synthesized, such as in the polymerase chain reaction. e.g.:.', 'B': '3-Hydroxydecanedioic is a dicarboxylic acid that belongs to the class of compounds known hydroxy fatty acids. Hydroxy fatty acids are fatty acids that have hydroxyl functional groups attached to the principal chain. 3-Hydroxydecanedioic acid is found in most vertebrates. Urine from patients with ketoacidosis typically contains a number of aliphatic 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids, with the major compound being 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid (PMID: 7353273). The excretion of 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid is correlated with the excretion of hexanedioic acid, another metabolite frequently found in ketoacidosis (PMID: 5031780). It is thought that the 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids such as 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid are formed from fatty acids by a combination of omega-oxidation and incomplete beta-oxidation (PMID: 7353273). Marked elevation of urinary 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid has also been reported in a malnourished infant with glycogen storage disease (PMID: 8295400). Subsequent studies have shown that increased amounts of dicarboxylic acids, such as 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid, are typically excreted in human urine under conditions of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) feeding, abnormal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and fasting (PMID: 8596483).', 'C': ""Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. AMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP can be produced during ATP synthesis by the enzyme adenylate kinase. AMP has recently been approved as a 'Bitter Blocker' additive to foodstuffs. When AMP is added to bitter foods or foods with a bitter aftertaste it makes them seem 'sweeter'. This potentially makes lower calorie food products more palatable."", 'D': '3-Oxocholic acid, also known as 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid, is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. 3-Oxocholic acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic.'}",D
What is the description of Uridine diphosphate acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate?,"{'A': 'Salicyluric acid is an aryl glycine conjugate formed by the body to eliminate excess salicylates, including aspirin. Aspirin is rapidly hydrolysed to salicylic acid which is further metabolized to various compounds, including salicyluric acid (SU) as well as various acyl and phenolic glucuronides, and hydroxylated metabolites. SU is the major metabolite of SA excreted in urine and it is present in the urine of people who have not taken salicylate drugs, although it has no anti-inflammatory effects in humans or in animals. More salicyluric acid (SU) is excreted in the urine of vegetarians than in non-vegetarians, primarily because fruits and vegetables are important sources of dietary salicylates. However, significantly less (10-15X) SU is excreted by vegetarians than individuals taking low-dose aspirin (PMID: 12944546). The induction of the salicyluric acid formation is one of the saturable pathways of salicylate elimination. The formation of the methyl ester of salicyluric acid is observed during the quantitation of salicyluric acid and other salicylate metabolites in urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. This methyl ester formation causes artificially low values for salicyluric acid and high values for salicylic acid. (PMID: 6101164, 6857178). Salicyluric acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite.', 'B': 'Propyl alcohol, also known as 1-propanol, n-propanol, or simply propanol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary alcohols. Primary alcohols are compounds in which a hydroxy group is bonded to a primary carbon, with the general structure RCOH (R=alkyl, aryl). Propyl alcohol is a colourless, volatile liquid that is fully miscible with water. It has a sweet odour and an alcoholic, fermented, fusel taste. Propyl alcohol exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Propanol can be produced through fermentation of sugars by bacteria and yeast and small amounts are produced by gut microflora. Propanol has been identified as a fecal biomarker of Clostridium difficile infection (PMID: 30986230). When ingested, 1-propanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to propionic acid leading to metabolic acidosis and an elevated anion gap (PMID: 18375643). It can be found in small amounts in alcoholic beverages such as wine. Industrially, the major use of 1-propanol is as a solvent as well as an intermediate in forming other industrially important compounds.  It is used as a carrier and extraction solvent for natural products, such as flavourings, vegetable oils, resins, waxes, and gums, and as a solvent for synthetic polymers, such as polyvinyl butyral, cellulose esters, lacquers, and PVC adhesives.  Other solvent applications include the use of 1-propanol in the polymerization and spinning of acrylonitrile, in flexographic printing inks, and in the dyeing of wool.  1-Propanol is used for both its solvent and antiseptic properties in drugs and cosmetics, such as lotions, soaps, and nail polishes (IPCS INCHEM, EHC 102). Both 1-propanol and 2-propanol are often used in hand disinfectants as they have excellent bactericidal activity.  1-Propanol is used less in industry than 2-propanol as it is more expensive and it is a toxicant that has a similar taste to ethanol, so 2-propanol is used as its unpleasant smell discourages abuse.', 'C': 'Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil.', 'D': '2-Hydroxybutyric acid (CAS: 600-15-7), also known as alpha-hydroxybutyrate, is an organic acid derived from alpha-ketobutyrate. alpha-Ketobutyrate is produced by amino acid catabolism (threonine and methionine) and glutathione anabolism (cysteine formation pathway) and is metabolized into propionyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (PMID: 20526369). 2-Hydroxybutyric acid is formed as a byproduct from the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate via a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alphaHBDH). alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid is primarily produced in mammalian hepatic tissues that catabolize L-threonine or synthesize glutathione. Oxidative stress or detoxification of xenobiotics in the liver can dramatically increase the rate of hepatic glutathione synthesis. Under such metabolic stress conditions, supplies of L-cysteine for glutathione synthesis become limiting, so homocysteine is diverted from the transmethylation pathway (which forms methionine) into the transsulfuration pathway (which forms cystathionine). alpha-Ketobutyrate is released as a byproduct when cystathionine is cleaved into cysteine that is incorporated into glutathione. Chronic shifts in the rate of glutathione synthesis may be reflected by urinary excretion of 2-hydroxybutyrate. 2-Hydroxybutyrate is an early marker for both insulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation that appears to arise due to increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress (PMID: 20526369). 2-Hydroxybutyric acid is often found in the urine of patients suffering from lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid generally appears at high concentrations in situations related to deficient energy metabolism (e.g. birth asphyxia) and also in inherited metabolic diseases affecting the central nervous system during neonatal development, such as ""cerebral"" lactic acidosis, glutaric aciduria type II, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency, and propionic acidemia. More recently it has been noted that elevated levels of alpha-hydroxybutyrate in the plasma is a good marker for early-stage type II diabetes (PMID: 19166731). It was concluded from studies done in the mid-1970s that an increased NADH2/NAD ratio was the most important factor for the production of 2-hydroxybutyric acid (PMID: 168632).'}",C
What is the description of L-Alanine?,"{'A': 'Alanine (Ala), also known as L-alanine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).  Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-alanine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Alanine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals.  It is classified as an aliphatic, non-polar amino acid. In humans, alanine is a non-essential amino acid that can be easily made in the body from either the conversion of pyruvate or the breakdown of the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. Alanine can be also synthesized from branched chain amino acids such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Alanine is produced by reductive amination of pyruvate through a two-step process. In the first step, alpha-ketoglutarate, ammonia and NADH are converted by the enzyme known glutamate dehydrogenase to glutamate, NAD+ and water. In the second step, the amino group of the newly-formed glutamate is transferred to pyruvate by an aminotransferase enzyme, regenerating the alpha-ketoglutarate, and converting the pyruvate to alanine. The net result is that pyruvate and ammonia are converted to alanine. In mammals, alanine plays a key role in glucose–alanine cycle between tissues and liver. In muscle and other tissues that degrade amino acids for fuel, amino groups are collected in the form of glutamate by transamination. Glutamate can then transfer its amino group to pyruvate, a product of muscle glycolysis, through the action of alanine aminotransferase, forming alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate. The alanine enters the bloodstream and is transported to the liver. The alanine aminotransferase reaction takes place in reverse in the liver, where the regenerated pyruvate is used in gluconeogenesis, forming glucose which returns to the muscles through the circulation system. Alanine is highly concentrated in muscle and is one of the most important amino acids released by muscle, functioning as a major energy source. Plasma alanine is often decreased when the BCAA (branched-chain amino acids) are deficient. This finding may relate to muscle metabolism. Alanine is highly concentrated in meat products and other high-protein foods like wheat germ and cottage cheese. Alanine is an important participant as well as a regulator of glucose metabolism. Alanine levels parallel blood sugar levels in both diabetes and hypoglycemia, and alanine is reduced in both severe hypoglycemia and the ketosis of diabetes. Alanine is an important amino acid for lymphocyte reproduction and immunity. Alanine therapy has helped dissolve kidney stones in experimental animals. Normal alanine metabolism, like that of other amino acids, is highly dependent upon enzymes that contain vitamin B6. Alanine, like GABA, taurine, and glycine, is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/).', 'B': '17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a 21-carbon steroid that is converted from pregnenolone by cytochrome P450 17alpha hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase (CYP17, EC 1.14.99.9). 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and the adrenal corticosteroids. The first, rate-limiting and hormonally regulated step in the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones is the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. The conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone is accomplished by the cleavage of the cholesterol side chain, catalyzed by a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme termed P450scc where scc designates Side Chain Cleavage. All steroid hormones are made from the pregnenolone produced by P450scc; thus, the presence or absence of each of the activities of CYP17 directs this pregnenolone towards its final metabolic pathway. While all cytochrome P450 enzymes can catalyze multiple reactions on a single active site, CYP17 is the only one described to date in which these multiple activities are differentially regulated by a physiologic process. 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is converted to dehydroepiandrosterone by the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17. The ratio of the 17,20 lyase to 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity of CYP17 determines the ratio of C21 to C19 steroids produced. This ratio is regulated post-translationally by at least three factors: the abundance of the electron-donating protein P450 oxidoreductase, the presence of cytochrome b5, and the serine phosphorylation of CYP17. (PMID: 12573809).', 'C': 'Ursocholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Ursocholic acid is the 7 beta-hydroxyepimer of cholic acid. It induces a reduction of bile cholesterol saturation.', 'D': 'Epietiocholanolone is an anabolic steroid similar in structure to androstenedione. Used by body-builders to add muscle mass, but with unknown side effects.'}",A
What is the description of Uridine 5'-diphosphate?,"{'A': 'Tetradecanedioic acid, also known as 1,14-tetradecanedioate or NSC 9504, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Tetradecanedioic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.', 'B': '5alpha-Tetrahydrocortisol is a normal human metabolite. However its increased ratio (5alpha-tetrahydrocortisol + tetrahydrocortisol) over tetrahydrocortisone in urine is the biochemical marker for the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). AME is a heritable form of hypertension due to an inborn error of cortisol metabolism and is characterized by hypokalemia and low renin levels despite subnormal or normal levels of aldosterone and other known mineralocorticoids. The syndrome is attributable to congenital deficiency of the enzyme 11 beta-hydroxydehydrogenase (11-beta-HSD), which converts cortisol to biologically inactive cortisone. This results in a prolonged half-life of cortisol, which acts at the kidney level as a potent mineralocorticoid (PMID: 8732999).', 'C': 'Heptanoic acid, or C7:0 also known as enanthic acid or heptylic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 6 to 12 carbons, which can form medium-chain triglycerides Heptanoic acid is an oily liquid with an unpleasant, rancid odor. It contributes to the odor of some rancid oils. It is slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in ethanol and ether. Its name derives from the Latin oenanthe which is in turn derived from the Ancient Greek oinos ""wine"" and anthos ""blossom."" Heptanoic acid is used in the preparation of esters, such as ethyl enanthate, which are used in fragrances and as artificial flavors.  The triglyceride ester of heptanoic acid is the triheptanoin, which is used in certain medical conditions as a nutritional supplement.', 'D': ""Uridine 5'-diphosphate, also known as 5'-UDP, UDP or uridine diphosphoric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphates. These are pyrimidine ribonucleotides with diphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. UDP is also classified as a nucleotide diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UDP consists of a pyrophosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil. UDP exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. In mammals UDP is an important factor in glycogenesis or the formation of glycogen in the liver. Before glucose can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase forms a UDP-glucose unit by combining glucose 1-phosphate with uridine triphosphate, cleaving a pyrophosphate ion in the process. Then, the enzyme glycogen synthase combines UDP-glucose units to form a glycogen chain. UDP is also an important extracellular pyrimidine signaling molecule that mediates diverse biological effects via P1 and P2 purinergic receptors, such as the uptake of thymidine and proliferation of gliomas. UDP plays a key role in the function of Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, UGTs) which catalyze the transfer of the glucuronic acid component of UDP-glucuronic acid to a small hydrophobic molecule. UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases are responsible for the process of glucuronidation, a major part of phase II metabolism. The reaction catalyzed by UGT enzymes involves the addition of a glucuronic acid moiety to xenobiotics and is the most important pathway for the human body's elimination of the most frequently prescribed drugs. It is also the major pathway for foreign chemical (dietary, environmental, pharmaceutical) removal for most drugs, dietary substances, toxins and endogenous substances. UGT is present in humans, other animals, plants, and bacteria. Famously, UGT enzymes are not present in the genus Felis (PMID: 10862526) and this accounts for a number of unusual toxicities in the cat family.""}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene CDC6 belong?,"{'A': 'N01468', 'B': 'N01204', 'C': 'N00430', 'D': 'N01035'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene WNT9B belong?,"{'A': 'N01601', 'B': 'N00818', 'C': 'N00351', 'D': 'N00056'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene PSMD8 belong?,"{'A': 'N01442', 'B': 'N01061', 'C': 'N00275', 'D': 'N00324'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene H00056 belong?,"{'A': 'N10005', 'B': 'N01414', 'C': 'N00582', 'D': 'N00306'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene C00110 belong?,"{'A': 'N00653', 'B': 'N00162', 'C': 'N01005', 'D': 'N01014'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene MTOR belong?,"{'A': 'N01034', 'B': 'N00466', 'C': 'N00056', 'D': 'N01355'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene MCM3 belong?,"{'A': 'N10020', 'B': 'N01471', 'C': 'N00320', 'D': 'N01052'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene C01245 belong?,"{'A': 'N01001', 'B': 'N00022', 'C': 'N00390', 'D': 'N00343'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene N01458 belong?,"{'A': 'N01458', 'B': 'N01460', 'C': 'N00023', 'D': 'N00562'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene N00588 belong?,"{'A': 'N00405', 'B': 'N01109', 'C': 'N00588', 'D': 'N01123'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene PSEN1 belong?,"{'A': 'N01296', 'B': 'N01294', 'C': 'N00565', 'D': 'N00382'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene H00031 belong?,"{'A': 'N00266', 'B': 'N00034', 'C': 'N01484', 'D': 'N01351'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene ATF4 belong?,"{'A': 'N01290', 'B': 'N00417', 'C': 'N00320', 'D': 'N10019'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene N00386 belong?,"{'A': 'N00673', 'B': 'N01019', 'C': 'N00386', 'D': 'N00109'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene LMO2 belong?,"{'A': 'N01123', 'B': 'N00119', 'C': 'N01561', 'D': 'N00579'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene RPS6KB1 belong?,"{'A': 'N01290', 'B': 'N00233', 'C': 'N00034', 'D': 'N00987'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene H00048 belong?,"{'A': 'N00005', 'B': 'N00487', 'C': 'N01034', 'D': 'N00280'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene GNB5 belong?,"{'A': 'N01554', 'B': 'N00433', 'C': 'N00221', 'D': 'N00967'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene RB1 belong?,"{'A': 'N00069', 'B': 'N00399', 'C': 'N01575', 'D': 'N00941'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene ARPC5L belong?,"{'A': 'N01550', 'B': 'N01365', 'C': 'N01381', 'D': 'N01094'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene N01570 belong?,"{'A': 'N01302', 'B': 'N01570', 'C': 'N00396', 'D': 'N00291'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene RPS3 belong?,"{'A': 'N01592', 'B': 'N01317', 'C': 'N01540', 'D': 'N00047'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene FRZB belong?,"{'A': 'N00888', 'B': 'N01362', 'C': 'N00407', 'D': 'N01442'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene PLCB3 belong?,"{'A': 'N00957', 'B': 'N00420', 'C': 'N00449', 'D': 'N01443'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene NDUFB10 belong?,"{'A': 'N00995', 'B': 'N00459', 'C': 'N01608', 'D': 'N01354'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene RHOG belong?,"{'A': 'N01101', 'B': 'N01422', 'C': 'N00947', 'D': 'N00024'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene C00122 belong?,"{'A': 'N01431', 'B': 'N00273', 'C': 'N00708', 'D': 'N00348'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene FGF9 belong?,"{'A': 'N01592', 'B': 'N00859', 'C': 'N01069', 'D': 'N00852'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene H00032 belong?,"{'A': 'N01594', 'B': 'N01425', 'C': 'N00388', 'D': 'N00008'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene ATF4 belong?,"{'A': 'N01029', 'B': 'N00413', 'C': 'N00458', 'D': 'N00301'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene MAPK9 belong?,"{'A': 'N01160', 'B': 'N01559', 'C': 'N01014', 'D': 'N01297'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene ABL1 belong?,"{'A': 'N01093', 'B': 'N00581', 'C': 'N00960', 'D': 'N01156'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene MAP2K2 belong?,"{'A': 'N00481', 'B': 'N00389', 'C': 'N00388', 'D': 'N00277'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene RAF1 belong?,"{'A': 'N01390', 'B': 'N00237', 'C': 'N00108', 'D': 'N00516'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene CCNE1 belong?,"{'A': 'N00882', 'B': 'N00048', 'C': 'N00264', 'D': 'N00890'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene HRAS belong?,"{'A': 'N01040', 'B': 'N01376', 'C': 'N01409', 'D': 'N00237'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene H00003 belong?,"{'A': 'N00226', 'B': 'N01089', 'C': 'N01295', 'D': 'N00012'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene PSMD4 belong?,"{'A': 'N01146', 'B': 'N01157', 'C': 'N01301', 'D': 'N00108'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene UQCRH belong?,"{'A': 'N10008', 'B': 'N01395', 'C': 'N00144', 'D': 'N00576'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene HLA-C belong?,"{'A': 'N00899', 'B': 'N00095', 'C': 'N00419', 'D': 'N00386'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene Calciu belong?,"{'A': 'N01199', 'B': 'N00121', 'C': 'N00498', 'D': 'N00525'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene C00027 belong?,"{'A': 'N01306', 'B': 'N00899', 'C': 'N01536', 'D': 'N01551'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene IL31 belong?,"{'A': 'N01605', 'B': 'N00009', 'C': 'N00031', 'D': 'N01556'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene VDAC2 belong?,"{'A': 'N01536', 'B': 'N01395', 'C': 'N00278', 'D': 'N01007'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene C1QA belong?,"{'A': 'N00540', 'B': 'N00479', 'C': 'N01487', 'D': 'N00339'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene C00951 belong?,"{'A': 'N01540', 'B': 'N00064', 'C': 'N00566', 'D': 'N01578'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene H00048 belong?,"{'A': 'N00530', 'B': 'N01075', 'C': 'N01547', 'D': 'N01601'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene CHRNA7 belong?,"{'A': 'N01534', 'B': 'N00954', 'C': 'N00479', 'D': 'N01341'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene N01319 belong?,"{'A': 'N01319', 'B': 'N00216', 'C': 'N00309', 'D': 'N01445'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene VDAC1 belong?,"{'A': 'N01481', 'B': 'N01390', 'C': 'N01008', 'D': 'N01399'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene PYCARD belong?,"{'A': 'N00974', 'B': 'N00934', 'C': 'N01597', 'D': 'N00170'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene EGF belong?,"{'A': 'N01510', 'B': 'N00033', 'C': 'N01129', 'D': 'N00162'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene HEY2 belong?,"{'A': 'N00024', 'B': 'N00087', 'C': 'N00350', 'D': 'N00940'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene GNG11 belong?,"{'A': 'N01286', 'B': 'N01128', 'C': 'N00403', 'D': 'N00434'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene IFNA2 belong?,"{'A': 'N01127', 'B': 'N00469', 'C': 'N01092', 'D': 'N00942'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene DDB2 belong?,"{'A': 'N00038', 'B': 'N00044', 'C': 'N00223', 'D': 'N00094'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene DKC1 belong?,"{'A': 'N01476', 'B': 'N00511', 'C': 'N00082', 'D': 'N01302'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene GNB5 belong?,"{'A': 'N00153', 'B': 'N00025', 'C': 'N00982', 'D': 'N01384'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene PPP3R1 belong?,"{'A': 'N00401', 'B': 'N01541', 'C': 'N00358', 'D': 'N01203'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene H00368 belong?,"{'A': 'N00924', 'B': 'N00173', 'C': 'N00085', 'D': 'N00389'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene N01491 belong?,"{'A': 'N00931', 'B': 'N01491', 'C': 'N00027', 'D': 'N01624'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene Calciu belong?,"{'A': 'N00970', 'B': 'N00084', 'C': 'N00055', 'D': 'N00119'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene GBA2 belong?,"{'A': 'N01292', 'B': 'N00642', 'C': 'N00828', 'D': 'N01483'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene N00226 belong?,"{'A': 'N01457', 'B': 'N00958', 'C': 'N00226', 'D': 'N00981'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene KLC2 belong?,"{'A': 'N00675', 'B': 'N01299', 'C': 'N01031', 'D': 'N00022'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene GNG13 belong?,"{'A': 'N01135', 'B': 'N00400', 'C': 'N00366', 'D': 'N01034'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene H00298 belong?,"{'A': 'N01486', 'B': 'N01527', 'C': 'N01101', 'D': 'N00741'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene CYP27B1 belong?,"{'A': 'N01341', 'B': 'N00304', 'C': 'N01626', 'D': 'N00531'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene PSMA2 belong?,"{'A': 'N01030', 'B': 'N00748', 'C': 'N01057', 'D': 'N00171'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene CREB3L2 belong?,"{'A': 'N00301', 'B': 'N00285', 'C': 'N00743', 'D': 'N00556'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene PTK2B belong?,"{'A': 'N10009', 'B': 'N00538', 'C': 'N00905', 'D': 'N00112'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene IFNA2 belong?,"{'A': 'N00240', 'B': 'N01559', 'C': 'N01357', 'D': 'N00942'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene ADCY2 belong?,"{'A': 'N01026', 'B': 'N00411', 'C': 'N00155', 'D': 'N00640'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene H00277 belong?,"{'A': 'N00259', 'B': 'N01471', 'C': 'N00927', 'D': 'N01601'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene TUBB4B belong?,"{'A': 'N01125', 'B': 'N10018', 'C': 'N01286', 'D': 'N00826'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene CAMK1G belong?,"{'A': 'N00105', 'B': 'N00111', 'C': 'N00029', 'D': 'N01635'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene TUBB8 belong?,"{'A': 'N10022', 'B': 'N00736', 'C': 'N01403', 'D': 'N00416'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene IL1B belong?,"{'A': 'N01408', 'B': 'N01283', 'C': 'N01126', 'D': 'N00086'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene N00479 belong?,"{'A': 'N00590', 'B': 'N00167', 'C': 'N00226', 'D': 'N00479'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene GNRHR belong?,"{'A': 'N00407', 'B': 'N00744', 'C': 'N00875', 'D': 'N01524'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene AKT3 belong?,"{'A': 'N01347', 'B': 'N00883', 'C': 'N00571', 'D': 'N01052'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene N00530 belong?,"{'A': 'N01391', 'B': 'N00530', 'C': 'N00981', 'D': 'N01520'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene PIK3CB belong?,"{'A': 'N00501', 'B': 'N01367', 'C': 'N00561', 'D': 'N01555'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene GSTM3 belong?,"{'A': 'N01386', 'B': 'N00064', 'C': 'N01317', 'D': 'N01054'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene CASP3 belong?,"{'A': 'N00145', 'B': 'N01387', 'C': 'N00640', 'D': 'N01465'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene C00025 belong?,"{'A': 'N00268', 'B': 'N01086', 'C': 'N00956', 'D': 'N01309'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene TUBB4B belong?,"{'A': 'N00456', 'B': 'N01297', 'C': 'N01542', 'D': 'N00511'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene H00020 belong?,"{'A': 'N01611', 'B': 'N01520', 'C': 'N00230', 'D': 'N01087'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene ANAPC11 belong?,"{'A': 'N00473', 'B': 'N01486', 'C': 'N01628', 'D': 'N00097'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene N00275 belong?,"{'A': 'N01511', 'B': 'N01518', 'C': 'N00007', 'D': 'N00275'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene ITPR3 belong?,"{'A': 'N01613', 'B': 'N00954', 'C': 'N00067', 'D': 'N00352'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene ADCY5 belong?,"{'A': 'N00469', 'B': 'N00326', 'C': 'N01439', 'D': 'N01369'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene IRF3 belong?,"{'A': 'N00215', 'B': 'N01148', 'C': 'N00687', 'D': 'N00426'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene GBA2 belong?,"{'A': 'N01362', 'B': 'N00640', 'C': 'N10022', 'D': 'N00281'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene N01379 belong?,"{'A': 'N01379', 'B': 'N00949', 'C': 'N00285', 'D': 'N00217'}",A
To which KEGG network does Gene IGF1R belong?,"{'A': 'N01364', 'B': 'N10014', 'C': 'N00647', 'D': 'N00234'}",D
To which KEGG network does Gene RAB5B belong?,"{'A': 'N00988', 'B': 'N01302', 'C': 'N01588', 'D': 'N00380'}",B
To which KEGG network does Gene N00944 belong?,"{'A': 'N01041', 'B': 'N01364', 'C': 'N00944', 'D': 'N01398'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene G6PD belong?,"{'A': 'N00115', 'B': 'N00805', 'C': 'N00905', 'D': 'N00076'}",C
To which KEGG network does Gene CXCL12 belong?,"{'A': 'N00868', 'B': 'N00953', 'C': 'N01565', 'D': 'N00405'}",D
Where is gamma-Aminobutyric acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Platelet', 'B': 'Pancreas', 'C': 'Adrenal Gland', 'D': 'Placenta'}",D
Where is Protoporphyrin IX located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Retina', 'B': 'Intestine', 'C': 'Prostate', 'D': 'Umbilical cord'}",B
Where is Isohyodeoxycholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Ovary', 'B': 'Eye Lens', 'C': 'Kidney', 'D': 'Blood'}",C
Where is Sphingosine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Blood', 'B': 'Testis', 'C': 'Liver', 'D': 'Semen'}",C
"Where is 3a,4b,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid located in tissue?","{'A': 'Intestine', 'B': 'Brain', 'C': 'Placenta', 'D': 'Ovary'}",A
Where is Betaine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Spleen', 'B': 'Basal Ganglia', 'C': 'All Tissues', 'D': 'Erythrocyte'}",A
Where is Liothyronine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Eye Lens', 'B': 'Prostate', 'C': 'Epidermis', 'D': 'Vitreous humor'}",C
Where is 12a-Hydroxy-3-oxocholadienic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Gall Bladder', 'C': 'Leukocyte', 'D': 'Neuron'}",B
Where is Cyanocobalamin located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Heart', 'D': 'Basal Ganglia'}",A
Where is Glycerol located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Eye Lens', 'B': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'C': 'Leukocyte', 'D': 'Placenta'}",D
Where is Epinephrine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Vitreous humor', 'B': 'Retina', 'C': 'Hair', 'D': 'Placenta'}",D
Where is Thymidine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Kidney', 'B': 'Cartilage', 'C': 'Ovary', 'D': 'Erythrocyte'}",A
Where is Elaidic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Fibroblasts', 'B': 'Gall Bladder', 'C': 'Skeletal Muscle', 'D': 'Heart'}",A
Where is Valproic acid glucuronide located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Gland', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Platelet', 'D': 'Neuron'}",C
Where is Ammonia located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Gall Bladder', 'B': 'Thyroid Gland', 'C': 'Intestine', 'D': 'All Tissues'}",D
Where is N-Acetylneuraminic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Neuron', 'B': 'Bile', 'C': 'Hair', 'D': 'Heart'}",A
Where is Phosphoglycolic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Platelet', 'B': 'Lung', 'C': 'All Tissues', 'D': 'Hair'}",A
Where is Vanillylmandelic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Lung', 'B': 'Brain', 'C': 'Eye Lens', 'D': 'Epidermis'}",D
Where is Methylglutaric acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Prostate', 'B': 'Skeletal Muscle', 'C': 'Retina', 'D': 'Heart'}",A
Where is Ascorbic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Retina', 'B': 'Intestine', 'C': 'Kidney', 'D': 'Gall Bladder'}",B
Where is Acetylcholine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Bone Marrow', 'B': 'Adrenal Cortex', 'C': 'Vitreous humor', 'D': 'Neuron'}",D
Where is Taurine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Thyroid Gland', 'B': 'Lung', 'C': 'Liver', 'D': 'Adipose Tissue'}",C
Where is Sucrose located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Cortex', 'B': 'Heart', 'C': 'Adipose Tissue', 'D': 'Liver'}",C
Where is N-Acetylgalactosamine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Bladder', 'B': 'Spleen', 'C': 'Retina', 'D': 'Urine'}",B
Where is Serotonin located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Cartilage', 'B': 'Lung', 'C': 'Skeletal Muscle', 'D': 'Ovary'}",C
Where is Nonadecanoic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Placenta', 'B': 'Semen', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Erythrocyte'}",A
Where is Valproic acid glucuronide located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Neuron', 'B': 'Adrenal Cortex', 'C': 'Kidney', 'D': 'Fibroblasts'}",C
Where is Glutathione located in tissue?,"{'A': 'All Tissues', 'B': 'Spleen', 'C': 'Bone Marrow', 'D': 'Adrenal Cortex'}",A
Where is Pseudouridine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Placenta', 'B': 'Spleen', 'C': 'Basal Ganglia', 'D': 'Adipose Tissue'}",A
Where is Norepinephrine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adipose Tissue', 'B': 'Hair', 'C': 'Basal Ganglia', 'D': 'Spleen'}",A
Where is Sulfolithocholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Kidney', 'B': 'Eye Lens', 'C': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'D': 'Blood'}",A
Where is Vitamin A located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Pancreas', 'B': 'Kidney', 'C': 'Adrenal Cortex', 'D': 'Thyroid Gland'}",B
Where is Kynurenic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Lung', 'B': 'Fibroblasts', 'C': 'Gall Bladder', 'D': 'Umbilical cord'}",B
Where is Deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'Bone Marrow', 'C': 'Thyroid Gland', 'D': 'Prostate'}",D
Where is Tyramine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Bladder', 'B': 'Skeletal Muscle', 'C': 'Epidermis', 'D': 'Intestine'}",D
Where is Indoleacetic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Bile', 'B': 'Kidney', 'C': 'Spleen', 'D': 'Adrenal Medulla'}",B
Where is Valproic acid glucuronide located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'B': 'Epidermis', 'C': 'Adipose Tissue', 'D': 'Hair'}",C
Where is Ergocalciferol located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Umbilical cord', 'B': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'C': 'Heart', 'D': 'Pancreas'}",D
Where is Maleic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Erythrocyte', 'B': 'Spleen', 'C': 'Urine', 'D': 'Leukocyte'}",B
Where is Pregnenolone sulfate located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Hair', 'B': 'Basal Ganglia', 'C': 'Skeletal Muscle', 'D': 'Testis'}",D
Where is L-Arginine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Gland', 'B': 'Intestine', 'C': 'Gall Bladder', 'D': 'Eye Lens'}",B
Where is Isoallolithocholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Neuron', 'B': 'Cartilage', 'C': 'Heart', 'D': 'Gall Bladder'}",D
Where is S-Adenosylhomocysteine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'B': 'All Tissues', 'C': 'Prostate', 'D': 'Adrenal Gland'}",C
Where is (R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Thyroid Gland', 'B': 'Placenta', 'C': 'Ovary', 'D': 'Bladder'}",B
Where is D-Fructose located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'All Tissues', 'C': 'Brain', 'D': 'Pancreas'}",A
Where is Allodeoxycholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Liver', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Vitreous humor', 'D': 'Ovary'}",A
Where is 3-Methylcrotonylglycine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Eye Lens', 'B': 'Adipose Tissue', 'C': 'Fibroblasts', 'D': 'Kidney'}",C
Where is Taurine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Neuron', 'B': 'Thyroid Gland', 'C': 'Urine', 'D': 'Adrenal Cortex'}",A
Where is Allolithocholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Placenta', 'B': 'Bladder', 'C': 'Liver', 'D': 'Umbilical cord'}",C
Where is Deoxypyridinoline located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adipose Tissue', 'B': 'Skeletal Muscle', 'C': 'Semen', 'D': 'Basal Ganglia'}",B
Where is Nutriacholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Leukocyte', 'B': 'Kidney', 'C': 'Heart', 'D': 'Adrenal Gland'}",B
Where is Formic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'B': 'Leukocyte', 'C': 'Epidermis', 'D': 'Adipose Tissue'}",C
Where is D-Glucose located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Platelet', 'B': 'Liver', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Retina'}",B
Where is Isovalerylcarnitine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Placenta', 'B': 'Skeletal Muscle', 'C': 'Neuron', 'D': 'Adipose Tissue'}",A
Where is Glycogen located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Bladder', 'B': 'Thyroid Gland', 'C': 'Lung', 'D': 'Platelet'}",D
Where is Serotonin located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Basal Ganglia', 'B': 'Bone Marrow', 'C': 'Epidermis', 'D': 'Gall Bladder'}",C
Where is Isohyodeoxycholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Ovary', 'C': 'Adrenal Gland', 'D': 'Liver'}",D
Where is Norepinephrine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Platelet', 'B': 'Urine', 'C': 'Lung', 'D': 'Blood'}",A
Where is Homo-L-arginine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Umbilical cord', 'B': 'Skeletal Muscle', 'C': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'D': 'Intestine'}",D
Where is Sucrose located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Kidney', 'B': 'Hair', 'C': 'Lung', 'D': 'Vitreous humor'}",A
Where is Thiamine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Vitreous humor', 'B': 'Thyroid Gland', 'C': 'Bone Marrow', 'D': 'Brain'}",D
Where is Thymidine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Semen', 'B': 'Liver', 'C': 'Urine', 'D': 'Adrenal Gland'}",D
Where is Folic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Gland', 'B': 'Platelet', 'C': 'Brain', 'D': 'Placenta'}",C
Where is Epinephrine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Cartilage', 'B': 'Platelet', 'C': 'Leukocyte', 'D': 'Blood'}",B
Where is Neopterin located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adipose Tissue', 'B': 'Heart', 'C': 'Epidermis', 'D': 'Ovary'}",C
"Where is 3a,6b,7b-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid located in tissue?","{'A': 'Bone Marrow', 'B': 'Eye Lens', 'C': 'Lung', 'D': 'Intestine'}",D
Where is Ornithine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adipose Tissue', 'B': 'Thyroid Gland', 'C': 'Fibroblasts', 'D': 'Prostate'}",D
Where is L-Arginine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Eye Lens', 'B': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'C': 'Leukocyte', 'D': 'Neuron'}",D
Where is Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Heart', 'B': 'Liver', 'C': 'Gall Bladder', 'D': 'Intestine'}",B
Where is Cytosine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Pancreas', 'B': 'Blood', 'C': 'Lung', 'D': 'Brain'}",B
Where is Choline located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Testis', 'B': 'Lung', 'C': 'Adrenal Gland', 'D': 'Adrenal Medulla'}",A
Where is Pyridoxine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Prostate', 'B': 'Eye Lens', 'C': 'Erythrocyte', 'D': 'Gall Bladder'}",C
Where is Glycine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Ovary', 'B': 'Epidermis', 'C': 'Cartilage', 'D': 'Retina'}",B
Where is Homocysteine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Cortex', 'B': 'Hair', 'C': 'Epidermis', 'D': 'Adipose Tissue'}",D
Where is L-Tyrosine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Prostate', 'B': 'Basal Ganglia', 'C': 'Hair', 'D': 'Heart'}",A
Where is N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'B': 'Placenta', 'C': 'Pancreas', 'D': 'Platelet'}",B
Where is Cytidine monophosphate located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Kidney', 'B': 'Adrenal Medulla', 'C': 'All Tissues', 'D': 'Bone Marrow'}",C
"Where is 2b,3a,7a,12a-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid located in tissue?","{'A': 'Gall Bladder', 'B': 'Fibroblasts', 'C': 'Placenta', 'D': 'Pancreas'}",A
Where is Norepinephrine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Kidney', 'B': 'Erythrocyte', 'C': 'Bile', 'D': 'Retina'}",A
Where is Norepinephrine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Umbilical cord', 'B': 'Intestine', 'C': 'Vitreous humor', 'D': 'Eye Lens'}",B
Where is L-Arginine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Liver', 'B': 'Erythrocyte', 'C': 'Eye Lens', 'D': 'Urine'}",A
Where is Acetaldehyde located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Bladder', 'B': 'All Tissues', 'C': 'Liver', 'D': 'Leukocyte'}",C
Where is Homogentisic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Platelet', 'B': 'Kidney', 'C': 'Brain', 'D': 'Urine'}",B
Where is Pyruvic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Basal Ganglia', 'B': 'Eye Lens', 'C': 'Spleen', 'D': 'Bile'}",C
Where is Ketoleucine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Erythrocyte', 'B': 'Hair', 'C': 'Leukocyte', 'D': 'Prostate'}",D
Where is Palmitic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Ovary', 'B': 'Bladder', 'C': 'Eye Lens', 'D': 'Cartilage'}",B
Where is Pipecolic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Heart', 'B': 'Adipose Tissue', 'C': 'Liver', 'D': 'Umbilical cord'}",C
Where is Ursocholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Skeletal Muscle', 'B': 'Lung', 'C': 'Adrenal Cortex', 'D': 'Intestine'}",D
Where is D-Ribulose located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Bladder', 'B': 'Retina', 'C': 'Placenta', 'D': 'Vitreous humor'}",C
"Where is 1b,3a,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid located in tissue?","{'A': 'Pancreas', 'B': 'Liver', 'C': 'Leukocyte', 'D': 'Eye Lens'}",B
Where is L-Carnitine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Urine', 'B': 'Liver', 'C': 'Thyroid Gland', 'D': 'Adrenal Cortex'}",B
Where is Deoxyuridine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Bone Marrow', 'B': 'Adrenal Cortex', 'C': 'Retina', 'D': 'Gall Bladder'}",A
Where is Copper located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Blood', 'B': 'Brain', 'C': 'Spleen', 'D': 'Platelet'}",B
Where is Trehalose located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Platelet', 'B': 'Cartilage', 'C': 'Hair', 'D': 'Liver'}",A
Where is Uroporphyrin III located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Bile', 'B': 'Liver', 'C': 'Placenta', 'D': 'Bladder'}",B
"Where is 1b,3a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid located in tissue?","{'A': 'Hair', 'B': 'Vitreous humor', 'C': 'Umbilical cord', 'D': 'Intestine'}",D
Where is Allochenodeoxycholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Intestine', 'B': 'Umbilical cord', 'C': 'Retina', 'D': 'Bone Marrow'}",A
Where is 7-Hydroxy-3-oxocholanoic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Hair', 'B': 'Vitreous humor', 'C': 'Fibroblasts', 'D': 'Intestine'}",D
Where is Histamine located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Vitreous humor', 'B': 'Heart', 'C': 'Thyroid Gland', 'D': 'Spleen'}",D
Where is Muricholic acid located in tissue?,"{'A': 'Adipose Tissue', 'B': 'Kidney', 'C': 'Erythrocyte', 'D': 'Brain'}",B
Acidogen is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Rotenoids', 'B': 'Indirect biological role', 'C': 'CDP-glycerols', 'D': 'Organometallic compounds'}",B
Disaccharides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Membrane transport modulator', 'B': 'Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates', 'C': 'Benzyl halides', 'D': 'Organic hydroperoxides'}",B
Cirrhosis is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Phenanthridine- and phenanthridone-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids', 'B': '2-benzimidazolylcarbamic acid esters', 'C': 'Sulfanilides', 'D': 'Health condition'}",D
Fatty alcohols is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Biological process', 'B': 'Keto acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Fatty Acyls', 'D': 'Hydrophenanthrenes'}",C
Organic nitro compounds is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Benzenesulfonyl compounds', 'B': 'Organic nitro compounds', 'C': 'Post-transition metal silicates', 'D': '4-quinolinemethanols'}",B
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and kearns-sayre syndrome is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Health condition', 'C': 'Organic phosphites', 'D': 'Hydroxyisoflavonoids'}",B
Organic carbonic acids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Organic carbonic acids', 'B': 'Pyrazolines', 'C': 'Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds', 'D': 'Organic dithiophosphoric acids and derivatives'}",A
Leucothol and grayanotoxane diterpenoids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Nitrofurans', 'B': 'Diterpenoids', 'C': 'Phenylpropanoids and polyketides', 'D': 'Diphenylacetonitriles'}",B
Bopindolol Action Pathway is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Lupin alkaloids', 'B': 'Biochemical pathway', 'C': 'Benzonitriles', 'D': 'Dithiazinanes'}",B
Isothiocyanate acids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Isothiocyanates', 'B': 'Halopyridines', 'C': 'Benzopyrans', 'D': 'Organic phosphonic acids'}",A
Triazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Pyrazolylpyridines', 'B': 'Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues', 'C': 'Benzyl alcohols', 'D': 'Terpene lactones'}",B
Lipoamides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Lipoamides', 'B': 'Non-metal pyrophosphates', 'C': 'Glycosphingolipids', 'D': 'Oxime carbamates'}",A
Antihypertensive is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Isochromanequinones', 'B': 'Cardiovascular drug', 'C': 'Tetralins', 'D': 'Tetrahydrofuran lignans'}",B
Naphthoylindoles is a subclass of what?,"{'A': ""3',5'-cyclic purine nucleoside phosphorothioates"", 'B': 'Indoles and derivatives', 'C': 'Dioxins', 'D': 'Non-metal chlorites'}",B
N-phenylureas is a subclass of what?,"{'A': '1-benzothiopyrans', 'B': 'N-phenylureas', 'C': 'Cyclamates', 'D': 'Pyrrolotriazines'}",B
Alkylhydrazines is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Alkaline earth metal salts', 'B': 'Furoic acid and derivatives', 'C': 'Hydrazines and derivatives', 'D': 'Multicellular process'}",C
Staphylococcus is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Phenylphosphonothioates', 'B': 'Microbe', 'C': 'Cresols', 'D': 'Dithiocarbamic acids and derivatives'}",B
Phenylalanine and derivatives is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Pyrrolopyrimidines', 'B': '1-benzothiophenes', 'C': 'Amino acids, peptides, and analogues', 'D': 'Alkali metal phosphonates'}",C
Alkali metal iodides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Organic sulfonic acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Benzyl halides', 'D': 'Alkali metal iodides'}",D
Hydrazinecarboxylic acids and derivatives is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Non-metal hypochlorites', 'B': 'Carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Halomethanes', 'D': 'Azoles'}",B
Vitamin E compounds is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Quinone and hydroquinone lipids', 'B': 'Stilbene glycosides', 'C': 'Unsaturated hydrocarbons', 'D': 'Hydrazines and derivatives'}",A
Urine is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Podophyllotoxins', 'B': 'Biological role', 'C': 'Organic Polymers', 'D': 'Biofluid and excreta'}",D
Arachidonic acid metabolism is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Caprolactams', 'B': 'Phosphonic acid esters', 'C': 'Organosulfur compounds', 'D': 'Biochemical pathway'}",D
Flavones is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Flavones', 'B': 'Alkanes', 'C': '1,3-dioxepanes', 'D': 'Neuromuscular agent'}",A
Amino acids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Benzoic acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Dibenzylbutane lignans', 'C': 'Amino acids, peptides, and analogues', 'D': 'Household products'}",C
Periodontal Probing Depth is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Observation', 'B': '4,5-dioxoaporphines', 'C': 'Lineolic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Infections and infestations'}",A
Phenylimidazolidines is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Imidazolidines', 'B': 'Polyterpenoids', 'C': 'Sulfonyls', 'D': 'Alkali metal dithionites'}",A
Adrenomyeloneuropathy is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Health condition', 'B': 'Quinoline carboxylic acids', 'C': 'Methoxyphenols', 'D': 'Organic nitrogen compounds'}",A
Fatty acyl glycosides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Fatty Acyls', 'B': 'Neoflavonoids', 'C': 'Monothioacetals', 'D': 'Organoselenium compounds'}",A
Fentanyls is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Aminopiperidines', 'B': 'Organic oxoanionic compounds', 'C': 'Steroid lactones', 'D': 'Piperidines'}",D
Urinary retention is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues', 'B': 'Renal and urinary disorders', 'C': '17-furanylsteroids and derivatives', 'D': 'Isochromanequinones'}",B
Methyclothiazide Action Pathway is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Biochemical pathway', 'B': 'Alkali metal chlorides', 'C': 'Benzo-1,2,3-triazines', 'D': 'Cyclic purine nucleotides'}",A
Butyrophenones is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Organothiophosphorus compounds', 'B': 'Glycerophosphocholines', 'C': 'Butyrophenones', 'D': 'Piperidinecarboxylic acids and derivatives'}",C
Refsum's disease is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Health condition', 'C': 'Tropones', 'D': 'Indoles'}",B
Meta cresols is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Cycloalkanes', 'B': 'Dithiazinanes', 'C': 'Cresols', 'D': 'Organosulfur compounds'}",C
"Ergotamines, dihydroergotamines, and derivatives is a subclass of what?","{'A': 'Lanthanide salts', 'B': 'Cucurbitacins', 'C': 'Lysergic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Imidazoles'}",C
Metolazone Action Pathway is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Dioxins', 'B': 'Phenylnaphthalenes', 'C': 'Biochemical pathway', 'D': 'Thioethers'}",C
Heart failure is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Inhibitor', 'B': 'N-phenylureas', 'C': 'Pyridinium derivatives', 'D': 'Cardiac disorders'}",D
Spinal cord is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Dibenzothiophenes', 'B': 'Organ and components', 'C': 'Phenylpropanes', 'D': 'Pyrazolines'}",B
Hydrocephalus is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Phenylmethylamines', 'B': 'Tazettine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids', 'C': 'Androstane steroids', 'D': 'Nervous system disorders'}",D
Thiadiazinanes is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Alloxazines and isoalloxazines', 'B': 'Pyridoindoles', 'C': 'Organoheterocyclic compounds', 'D': 'Environmental role'}",C
Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Azolines', 'B': 'Non-metal pyrophosphates', 'C': 'Thiazoles', 'D': 'Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons'}",D
Athyreosis is a subclass of what?,"{'A': '1,2-dioxolanes', 'B': 'Health condition', 'C': 'Aminoxides', 'D': 'Non-metal sulfates'}",B
Aminotriazines is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Aminotriazines', 'B': 'Oxazolidines', 'C': 'Amino acids, peptides, and analogues', 'D': 'Cinnamic acid amides'}",A
Allenes is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Flavaglines', 'B': 'Organic compounds', 'C': 'Ortho amides', 'D': 'Cytochalasins'}",B
2-benzylaminopyridines is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Pyrrolines', 'B': 'Benzylamines', 'C': 'Quinoline quinones', 'D': 'Fatty acyl thioesters'}",B
Aryl chlorides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Homoisoflavans', 'B': 'Aryl chlorides', 'C': 'Fatty acids and conjugates', 'D': 'Phenylmethylamines'}",B
Naphthopyrans is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Benzothiophenes', 'B': 'Organoheterocyclic compounds', 'C': 'Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives', 'D': '3-ribofuranosylpyrazoles'}",B
Dichlorobenzoic acids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': '1-benzothiophenes', 'B': 'Isothiocyanates', 'C': 'Benzoic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Phenylazetidines'}",C
Cyclopyrrolones is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Ortho esters', 'B': 'Alkali metal thiosulfates', 'C': 'Cyclopyrrolones', 'D': 'Alkaline earth metal phosphates'}",C
Cerveratrum-type alkaloids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Indanones', 'B': 'Oxazoles', 'C': 'Steroidal alkaloids', 'D': 'Peroxycarboxylic acids and derivatives'}",C
"2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles is a subclass of what?","{'A': 'Terpene glycosides', 'B': 'Pathologic process', 'C': 'Thiadiazoles', 'D': 'Galanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids'}",C
1-pyranosylindoles is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Steroid acids', 'B': '1-pyranosylindoles', 'C': 'Phenylazetidines', 'D': 'Haloquinolines'}",B
Ynols is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Ynols', 'B': 'Environmental role', 'C': 'Triazines', 'D': 'Non-metal thiosulfates'}",A
Pyrazolopyrazoles is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Pyranocoumarins', 'B': 'Oxazoles', 'C': 'Organoheterocyclic compounds', 'D': 'Stilbenes'}",C
Phosphate esters is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Quinoline carboxylic acids', 'B': 'Indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives', 'C': 'Halobenzenes', 'D': 'Phosphate esters'}",D
2-polyprenyl-6-methoxyphenols is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Polyprenylphenols', 'B': 'Post-transition metal hydroxides', 'C': 'Biological location', 'D': 'Isoxazolines'}",A
Sesquiterpene lactones is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Dithioles', 'B': 'Benzothiazines', 'C': 'Dithiophosphate O-esters', 'D': 'Terpene lactones'}",D
Diaminotoluenes is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Hydroxyflavonoids', 'B': 'Xylenes', 'C': 'Toluenes', 'D': 'Indirect biological role'}",C
Indanes is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Organic nitro compounds', 'B': 'Phenylhydrazines', 'C': 'Benzenoids', 'D': 'Alkali metal thiosulfates'}",C
Nevirapine  Action Pathway is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Lipids and lipid-like molecules', 'B': 'Ortho esters', 'C': 'Biochemical pathway', 'D': '1,2-dithioles'}",C
Bacteroides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Homoisoflavans', 'B': '2,6-dimethyl-3-benzazocines', 'C': 'Microbe', 'D': 'Thioacetals'}",C
Alkali metal bromides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Steroids and steroid derivatives', 'B': 'Retinoids', 'C': '1,2-dithiolanes', 'D': 'Alkali metal salts'}",D
Oxirane carboxylic acids and derivatives is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Epoxides', 'B': 'Organometalloid compounds', 'C': 'Purines and purine derivatives', 'D': 'Amaryllidaceae alkaloids'}",A
5-O-methylated flavonoids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Tryptamines and derivatives', 'B': 'Alkali metal salts', 'C': 'O-methylated flavonoids', 'D': 'Tetrazolines'}",C
Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Alkali metal silicates', 'B': 'Carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'C': '1,2,4-triazolopyrimidine-2-sulfonamides', 'D': 'Thiazines'}",B
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Alkaline earth metal pyrophosphates', 'B': 'Benzylpiperidines', 'C': 'Health condition', 'D': 'Benzylethers'}",C
Alkali metal hydroxides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Glycerophosphoglycerophosphoglycerols', 'B': 'Alkali metal oxoanionic compounds', 'C': 'Imidothioesters', 'D': 'Phosphinic acid esters'}",B
Endosome is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Cyclohexylphenols', 'B': 'Isoquinolines and derivatives', 'C': 'Glycerophosphates', 'D': 'Subcellular'}",D
Pyranopterins and derivatives is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Furanoid lignans', 'B': 'Pterins and derivatives', 'C': 'Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates', 'D': 'Isothiocyanates'}",B
Hydroxyflavonoids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Flavonoids', 'B': 'Benzopyrenes', 'C': 'Organic phosphonic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Isoflav-2-enes'}",A
Furanocoumarins is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Non-metal phosphites', 'B': 'Dithioles', 'C': 'Furanocoumarins', 'D': 'Organic metal salts'}",C
Diltiazem Action Pathway is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Transition metal chlorides', 'B': 'Biochemical pathway', 'C': 'Organic phosphites', 'D': 'Benzenediols'}",B
Levomethadyl Acetate Action Action Pathway is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Tetraterpenoids', 'B': 'Thiazolines', 'C': 'Biochemical pathway', 'D': 'N-alkylpyrrolidines'}",C
N-alkylpiperazines is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Piperazines', 'B': 'Organic nitrites', 'C': 'Amidines', 'D': 'Dithiocarbamic acids and derivatives'}",A
Dasatinib Inhibition of BCR-ABL is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Sparteine, lupanine, and related alkaloids', 'B': ""Pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosides"", 'C': 'Hybrid peptides', 'D': 'Biochemical pathway'}",D
Benzenesulfonamides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Isofamides', 'B': 'Ethers', 'C': 'Benzenesulfonamides', 'D': 'Organic 1,3-dipolar compounds'}",C
Viral infection is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Alkali metal bromides', 'B': 'Hybrid peptides', 'C': 'Guanidines', 'D': 'Health condition'}",D
Glycerophosphates is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Glycerophosphates', 'B': 'Oxazaphosphinanes', 'C': 'Glycerophosphoglycerophosphoglycerols', 'D': 'Dithioles'}",A
Diverticular disease is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Biphenyls and derivatives', 'B': 'Pyridinesulfonamides', 'C': 'Health condition', 'D': 'Glycerophosphoethanolamines'}",C
Dibenzoxazepines is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Pyrimidine nucleotides', 'B': 'Ketenes', 'C': 'Dibenzoxazepines', 'D': 'Fatty amides'}",C
Organic compounds is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Organosulfonic acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Chalcones and dihydrochalcones', 'C': 'Chemical entities', 'D': '8-hydroxyquinolines'}",C
Neoflavonoids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': '1,3-dithioles', 'B': 'Phenylpropanoids and polyketides', 'C': 'Acetophenones', 'D': 'Organometalloid compounds'}",B
Enalapril Metabolism Pathway is a subclass of what?,"{'A': ""3',5'-cyclic purine nucleoside phosphorothioates"", 'B': 'Biochemical pathway', 'C': 'Fatty alcohol esters', 'D': 'Organic oxides'}",B
Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Miscellaneous metallic oxoanionic compounds', 'B': 'Non-metal dithionites', 'C': 'Health condition', 'D': '9,9p-dihydroxyaryltetralin lignans'}",C
Hypophosphatasia is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Non-metal phosphates', 'B': 'Alkali metal phosphates', 'C': 'Biochemical pathway', 'D': 'Terpene glycosides'}",C
Atic deficiency is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Psychiatric disorders', 'B': 'Environmental', 'C': 'Health condition', 'D': 'Alkali metal hypophosphites'}",C
Alpha-keto acids and derivatives is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Keto acids and derivatives', 'B': 'Thiocarbamic acid derivatives', 'C': 'Dithioacetals', 'D': 'Furostanes and derivatives'}",A
Drowsiness is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Organic sulfites', 'B': 'Observation', 'C': 'Tetrahydroisoquinolines', 'D': 'Bisphosphonates'}",B
Beta amino acids and derivatives is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Steroidal glycosides', 'B': 'CDP-glycerols', 'C': 'Amino acids, peptides, and analogues', 'D': 'Non-metal nitrates'}",C
Straight chain fatty acids is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Vascular disorders', 'B': 'Fatty acids and conjugates', 'C': 'Phenylnaphthalenes', 'D': 'Epoxides'}",B
Alkaline earth metal pyrophosphates is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Benzisoxazolones', 'B': 'Metalloid oxides', 'C': 'Alkaline earth metal oxoanionic compounds', 'D': '4,5-dioxoaporphines'}",C
Morpholine carboxylic acids and derivatives is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'System', 'B': 'Isobenzofuranones', 'C': 'Furanoisoflavonoids', 'D': 'Morpholines'}",D
Cumenes is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Purine ribonucleotides', 'B': 'Cumenes', 'C': ""1,1'-azonaphthalenes"", 'D': 'Aminopyridines and derivatives'}",B
Pyruvate Metabolism is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Aurone flavonoids', 'B': 'Benzofurans', 'C': 'Biochemical pathway', 'D': 'Post-transition metal chlorides'}",C
Pyridoxine-5'-phosphates is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Pyridoxines', 'B': 'Furofurans', 'C': 'Aristolochic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Aloperine and related alkaloids'}",A
Thrombotic is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Non-metal thiosulfates', 'B': 'Pharmaceutical industry', 'C': 'Phenols', 'D': 'Dithiophosphate O-esters'}",B
Phthalic anhydrides is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Benzofuranones', 'B': 'Organic salts', 'C': '1,3-diazepanes', 'D': 'Diphenylmethanes'}",A
"Purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside monophosphates is a subclass of what?","{'A': 'Phenylacetaldehydes', 'B': '1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides', 'C': 'Renal and urinary disorders', 'D': 'Purine deoxyribonucleotides'}",D
Tropones is a subclass of what?,"{'A': 'Benzoyl derivatives', 'B': 'Hydrocarbon derivatives', 'C': 'Pyrrole carboxylic acids and derivatives', 'D': 'Non-metal peroxynitrites'}",B